It is recorded in history that the Miao granddaughter of Emperor Zhuan Xu swallowed the eggs of a mysterious bird and gave birth to a great cause, namely Hao Tao. One of the four ancient sages (Yao, Shun, Yu,). Advocate the rule of law and the rule of virtue. Because he assisted Yu Shun and was ordered to build a prison for punishment, the prison was just, so he was regarded as the originator of China's justice and was regarded as a prison god by later generations. His life, speeches "Historical Records" and "Shangshu" are all recorded in detail. In the year of his death, Historical Records of Suoyin recorded that the tomb was in Gaocheng (now Lu 'an, Anhui).
The appellation of Hao Tao in the literature is recorded as follows: 1. Hao Tao is found in Hao Tao Mo, Shun Dian, Zuo Zhuan and The Analects of Confucius; Second, the great cause can be found in Historical Records of Qin Benji and Zhao Shijia. March is high; The word "blame" is found in Records of the Five Emperors, Hanshu, and A List of Ancient and Modern Characters. Five times, blame Tao, see the book "Bamboo Chronicle"; Six theories are found in the Postscript of the History of Taoism; Seventh, Uncle Tao.
Although the name seems complicated and mostly tone sandhi, it is actually a person.
The meaning of his name, Xu thinks that Gao's word is "Shao Zhuan" (that is, "Zhuan"), indicates that he was born in Shao Zhuan and his surname is Tao. Some people think that the word "Gao" means pigeon, which is one of the worship totems of the Shaoluo clan.
She is a native of Dongyi, "born in Qufu", and Qufu is the same, so the emperor changed her surname to Yan. The maternal line should come from Emperor Zhuan Xu, and the paternal line should belong to Shao Hao family. According to legend, Zhuan Xu's Miao granddaughter swallowed the eggs of a mysterious bird and gave birth to a great cause, namely Hao Tao.
Hao Tao assisted Shundi in Yu Shun, ranking second among the top ten officials of Shundi. Shun ordered him to "be a scholar and manage the people", that is, appointed him as an official in charge of criminal law. In view of the phenomenon of "sliding in the summer, thieves raping the people" in the society at that time, Hao Tao formulated five punishments to correct the people. Legend has it that when he was in charge of the prison, he was lenient to those who committed crimes unintentionally or negligently, while hell to pay was lenient to those who did not repent, so the people obeyed. Hao Tao was regarded as the originator of China's judicature by later generations, and was regarded as a prison god because of fair sentencing.
Hao Tao also proposed "Nine Virtues" to Shun, arguing that virtue should be used to protect people. Shangshu Hao Tao Mo recorded his specific comments on remonstrance and reflected his views on the Xiu De government.
After Yu succeeded to the throne, he was recommended as a successor by the abdication system and was "granted political power" (that is, he was instructed to handle government affairs), but he died before Yu and failed to succeed to the throne. Later, Yu recommended Boyi as the heir (Boyi was his son) and designated him as the heir of Yinghe Lius, so Yinghe Lius in the Spring and Autumn Period were descendants.
"Hao Tao pawn, buried in six miles. Yu Feng's youngest son Yu Liu, to worship him. " (The Century of the Emperor) "The hole (that is, it is sealed in the height, and the death collapses in the height." Therefore, Lu 'an was called Gaocheng in ancient times. Gao Tao's tomb was included in the China Dictionary of Places of Interest. There are six fiefs in Hao Tao, which are located in Lu 'an, Yingshan, Jinzhai and Huoshan. Descendants of Hao Tao gather in fiefs, Shucheng, Qianshan, Lujiang, Chaoxian, Huoqiu, Huaiyuan, Lingbi, Sixian, Fengtai and Boxian, and are widely distributed all over the country. There are more than 2,000 gaos thought in Yancheng, Jiangsu.
ancient tomb
According to legend, after his death, Yu sealed his descendants in Liu and made them worship. Liu, now a native of Lu 'an, Anhui Province, was named Gaocheng. Gao Tao's Tomb is located 7.5 kilometers east of Lu 'an today, and 35 meters northeast is the former site of Hao Tao Temple. The tomb is a circular mound with a circumference of 97 meters and a height of 6.2 meters. The top plane of the tomb is 4 meters in diameter, and there is a Pistacia chinensis on it. There is a tombstone of "Ancient Gao Tao Tomb" in front of the tomb, which was written by Anhui Buzheng Ambassador Wu Kunxiu during Tongzhi period (AD 1869).
Hao Tao's remarks can be found in Historical Records and Shangshu Hao Tao Hume.
Hao Tao advocated the rule of virtue, and believed that as long as he truly believed in benevolence represented by Emperor Yao, the plan of governing the country would be successful, and all aspects of state affairs would bring out the best in each other. On how to do this, Hao Tao advocates that we should be strict with ourselves, be cautious in words and deeds, pay attention to strengthening moral cultivation and perseverance, and be kind and generous to our own people regardless of their generation. The extension of these little things is a matter of state.
Hao Tao further put forward "nine virtues" to comprehensively examine personal virtues: tolerance and generosity, but firmness and prudence; Soft, gentle and independent; Kindness, easygoing and respect; Capable and versatile, but respectful and orderly; Congo is docile and powerful; Honesty and frankness is not scratching, but gentleness and euphemism; Simple and lofty, but careful and inexpensive; Strong, introverted and eager to learn blog posts; Britain is strong and promising, but it can do good things.
Hao Tao believes that God has stipulated five kinds of ethics, and formulated five kinds of laws, etiquette and costumes for different levels from the son of heaven to the common people. God punishes sinners with five punishments, and the will of God is the will of all peoples. Hao Tao's Brief Introduction Therefore, the rulers should be prepared to serve their destiny, be cautious and generous.
"Five emperors, three kings, Hao Tao, Confucius,
So is the sanctity of human beings. "("Lun Heng ") and Yao, Shun and Yu are also called" Four Saints in Ancient Times ". Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was proud of Hao Tao, the ancestor of the Li family. In the second year of Tianbao, posthumous title Hao Tao was named "Emperor Deming" (Tang Shu. Xuanzong Biography).
The alliance between Hao Tao tribe and Yao Shunyu tribe is the core of the Chinese nation. Most of the political measures in the Yao, Shun and Yu period were planned by Hao Tao. Hao Tao's outstanding thoughts and achievements in politics, economy, culture and other fields formed the ancient cultural system of China, namely Hao Tao culture. Hao Tao culture led the development of national culture in China, promoted the progress of social civilization and laid the foundation for the emergence of the country.
Hao Tao is the founder of Chinese civilization. The quintessence of Hao Tao's culture, such as "justice for heaven, people-oriented", "harmony between man and nature, human will", "diligent and honest administration, meritocracy" and "ruling the country by virtue, five punishments and five uses", has cast the soul of the Chinese nation. Confucius, the founder of Confucianism, has lived in Hao Tao's cultural distribution area and its cultural atmosphere for a long time. In the Confucian classics, there are many discourses that respect Hao Tao: "Those who are obedient get the world, choose people from all walks of life, and those who are unkind stay away" (The Analects of Confucius Teng Wengong Shang). Five thousand years of Chinese national culture, Confucius spread, Confucius opened. Hao Tao culture was introduced into Hao Tao from Confucianism, and was inherited by Confucianism, which developed into the Confucian ideology that ruled China in 2000.
Every river has its source. Many important viewpoints of Confucianism come down in one continuous line with Hao Tao's thought, and the mainstream source of Confucianism is Hao Tao culture. China's modern culture is also on the basis of traditional culture, while absorbing foreign culture, constantly developing and changing. However, the soul of the Chinese nation will not change. Hong, a female writer in Taiwan Province, wrote in the article "Wisdom from Hume": "Although it is far away from the times, our wisdom is not outdated because of the change of time and space, but should be improved with the progress of civilization. Because of the improvement of material life, there is a phenomenon that moral concepts gradually sink, which often makes people sigh! Therefore, while enjoying material civilization, we should pay attention to moral cultivation, thus improving the quality of life and enriching the meaning of life. How to make people think deeply? " Mo "guided a road of reflection!"
The core of Hao Tao culture is the combination of "rule by law" and "rule by virtue". Historical Records of the Past Dynasties records: "Three years after Emperor Shun, Tao was punished", "Building a prison and keeping it by law", and "The punishment of being unconscious, being stained by ink and being killed by thieves" is also; Hao Tao said, "Heaven punishes you with five punishments. "... It can be seen that the Criminal Law of Hao Tao is the earliest systematic and institutionalized criminal law in China and the beginning of criminal law in China. Danger punishment in Xia dynasty, Tang punishment in Shang dynasty, nine punishments in Western Zhou dynasty or Lu punishment all developed from punishment. Hao Tao's "five punishments" were three or four hundred years earlier than Babylon's "code of hammurabi", so Hao Tao was honored as the "father of justice" of China. Hao Tao's thought of rule of law set an example for the legal construction of later generations.
He strictly enforces the law, forgives negligent criminals as much as possible, and is more cautious about intentional crimes or recidivism of hell to pay, and about suspected crimes. He is fair in law enforcement, understands prison decisions, listens to the prison system, and uses five punishments, even "there is no torture in the world" and "there is no unjust prison in the world". He pays attention to education, "knowing five punishments, teaching five religions, treating five punishments and serving one sentence without punishment". It advocates "rule of law" to assist "rule of virtue", hoping to finally realize the situation of social rule without criminal behavior.
Hao Tao's first political proposition is to implement the policy of virtue. Hao Tao believes that the key to running the country by virtue lies in improving people's moral cultivation. Emphasize the cultivation of monarch and minister, from top to bottom, from oneself to others. Put forward to be an official should have three virtues, liu de and nine virtues. Three virtues are required of Doctor Qing, Liu De for princes and nine virtues for the son of heaven. When dealing with government affairs with morality, ministers will unite as one and achieve their own success. Only by "knowing people and being good at their duties" and using people who have both ability and political integrity and are diligent and honest can we govern the country well and benefit the people. The peace of the people depends on the virtue of the monarch and the minister. "Hao Tao has virtue, but it is surrender." Zhongde Temple, located five miles east of Gao Tao's tomb, is an ancient site built by later generations to commemorate the seeds of benevolence sown by educated people in Hao Tao. "The virtue of good life is governed by people's hearts." Because of Hao Tao's efforts to promote good governance and practice, world peace and people's peace, people admire him, join him and miss him. Thus creating a good situation that "all celebrities in the world started in Yu Shun". Pi Rixiu, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, commented on Hao Tao in the article "Guilty Monument": "Virtue lies in harmony and space, and Tao lies outside Kyrgyzstan and Qi." "The emperor stepped forward, recommended Hao Tao, and gave political advice." Hao Tao was in charge of state affairs, and planned a series of all-round innovative schemes on social system, customs and culture, such as promoting "five religions", establishing "five rites", establishing "five clothes", creating "five punishments", approaching "nine schools" and establishing "nine virtues". These major measures have been put into practice, establishing a normal social order, strengthening the ties and harmony between tribes, and laying the foundation for the emergence of the country.
Hao Tao has made great contributions to the development of agricultural production. When Dayu was in charge of water conservancy, Hao Tao did nothing. Historical Records Yin Benji quoted Tang Hao as saying: "Grain Rain has been away for a long time, and his merits are related to the people, and the people are safe. The east is the river, the north is the classics, the west is the river, and the south is the Huai River. The four blasphemies have been repaired and the people have homes. " Assist Yu in water control. "Let all people become more than. It is better to say that the punishment is from it. " Using legal means to ensure the smooth completion of water conservancy projects. It was in Tushan, Huaiyuan, that a ceremony was held to celebrate the flood control: "The princes will be in Tushan, and the jade will meet all countries." Huaiyi's ancestors not only developed agriculture in the Central Plains, but also took the lead in pottery making, tool manufacturing and metal smelting technology in handicrafts. Thanks to Hao Tao's careful planning and full assistance, the Yao, Shun and Yu era became prosperous and entered the "early national stage". Subsequently, the Xia Dynasty came into being. Hao Tao culture, which originated from Dongyi farming culture and ritual culture, covers many countries and regions in Asia. Produced in the long drum, because of its name "high drum." North Korea still has a high-foot drum and a small waist drum, both of which are high drums and the like. Korea is also a branch of Dongyi, so it also has this kind of high drum. After years of research and demonstration, Zhengguo Liu, a researcher at Anhui Art College, created the ancient musical instrument Hao Tao, which finally solved the eternal mystery of the oblique playing of ancient musical instruments. Zhengguo Liu's ancient musical instruments and playing skills were patented by the state. In the spring of 20001,Zhengguo Liu was invited as a solo guest in the folk music concert "Echo for 8,000 years" held in the Concert Hall of Hong Kong City Hall. He showed the stunt of "oblique blowing", and for the first time reappeared the ancient cockroach in Hao Tao that had been lost since the Han Dynasty in the elegant hall.
Legend has it that Hao Tao has a blue-faced beak (Hao Tao belongs to Dongyi nationality,
Dongyi people worship bird totem, so it is said that their leaders are mostly bird-shaped or conceived from bird eggs, and are often sentenced to prison by exorcism (an ancient animal with unique horns that can distinguish evil spirits). Therefore, in the yamen of Han Dynasty, the image of Hao Tao was often presented and decorated by exorcism. Legend has it that Hao Tao formulated Prison Rules as the law of five punishments, and created prisons by "dividing land into prisons". According to historical records, Zhao and Ying are both descendants, and they were sealed in Zhao for their help. He also thought that Zu, a branch of his descendants, inherited the status of Dali, so he was called Li, later renamed Li, because he was called "Emperor Deming".
It is said that Shao Hao's daughter Nuxiu gave birth to Hao Tao because she swallowed the egg of a mysterious bird. It is also the ancestor of ancient Lu 'an, the ancestor of Xu, and the leader of shàohào, an ancient Dongyi tribe. Guo's monarch may also be a descendant. It is considered that Li's ancestor is, so he is honored as "Emperor Deming".
Firmly enforce the law-strictly enforce the law
Legend has it that Shun was once appointed as an "official in charge of criminal law" and was famous for his integrity. Is regarded as the originator of justice in China. Shun appointed Yu as the water conservancy officer, but Yu gave in and recommended Ji, Qi and Yu as the water conservancy officer. However, Shun gave this position to Yu. Shun said to him, "Now barbarians are invading China, and bad people are doing evil. You should be the judge, and the punishment should be convincing. The crime of exile is divided into different levels, but the distance is different. Only by being fair and clear can we gain the trust of the people. " Hao Tao became an official in Yao Di, and his son Boyi was named won. His son and grandson take Guan as their surname and call him Li. Hao Tao's14th grandson, Zhao Fu, lived in the Zhou Dynasty. Because he is good at training horses and driving, he is deeply loved by Zhou Muwang. Later, because Mu Wang was driven back to Beijing to quell Xu Yanwang's rebellion in time, Mu Wang gave him Zhao Cheng (now Hong Tong, Shaanxi Province) as a fief, and Zhao Fu's descendants took Zhao Cheng as Zhao's surname.
Legend has it that Hao Tao (the legal ancestor of the Chinese nation) wanted to make two laws, one is to punish crimes, and the other is to protect citizens' rights. When asked about Yao, Emperor Yao said, "It can be criminal law, not civil law. When the criminal law is enacted, the people will fear and the world will be peaceful; Your original intention (what you mean) is not to infringe on civil rights and put the people first. What is the prestige of the king? " Hao Tao is not happy. After Yao's death, he resumed his desire to make a civil law. When asked about Shun, he said: "Sages are not easy to be vulgar (without changing the status quo) and teach, while wise men govern without changing the law (without changing the legal system). Teaching for the people (according to the wishes of the people), something for nothing; According to the law (according to the existing criminal law), official learning (functional conformism), people's security. If reforms are carried out today, people will be afraid of chaos, and the people will rely on new laws to invade. " After Shun's death, Yu imposed severe punishment and demanded to amend the criminal law, but he refused to listen and was killed. Another criminal officer, also known as Hao Tao, enacted the family heirloom law, as well as the punishments of gouging out the heart, cutting off the nose, gouging out the eyes, peeling, cutting off the waist and feet. Da Yu Yue is going to preach to his son Kay; But according to past practice, tribal leaders will elect Hao Tao. Unfortunately, Hao Tao died young, Boyi was elected, and the last one was passed to Boyi. With the support of his father, Kay has been accumulating strength for more than ten years. Now he is full-fledged, so he rose up in the name of resisting the enemy, killed Boyi and the 200,000 people who elected him, assumed his family and people, and won the throne. Hu's rebellion was also suppressed, killing more than 10 million people. From then on, China began the old times when people were oppressed and slaughtered.
Although historians have different opinions on Hao Tao, their understanding of "the originator of China law" is surprisingly consistent. Shishi Village, Ganting Town, Hongtong County, also known as Hao Tao Village, is named after the official name and personal name of Hao Tao, which is really rare. Legend has it that the first prison law in China was formulated by Hao Tao. He carved it on the bark and presented it to Dayu. I feel very good after reading it, so let it be implemented. The Prison Law summarizes the severity of many crimes such as theft, robbery, adultery and murder, and gives different sentencing. It is recorded in On Shi Hengying in the Eastern Han Dynasty that Hao Tao was enshrined in the yamen of the Han Dynasty, and later he was called the "prison god".
Later generations spoke highly of Hao Tao, who was listed as one of the four ancient saints. Another example is Lun Heng: "The five emperors and three kings, Hao Tao and Confucius, are saints of human beings", which is listed as one of the twelve ancient saints.