The Bai ethnic group is an ethnic minority with a long history and culture in the southwestern frontier of my country. Mainly distributed in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province, Lijiang, Bijiang, Baoshan, Nanhua, Yuanjiang, Kunming, Anning and other places, as well as Bijie of Guizhou, Liangshan of Sichuan, Sangzhi County of Hunan and other places. According to the fifth national census in 2000, the Bai population was 1,858,063. The Bai language is spoken and belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family. The vast majority of residents speak their own language, and Chinese is commonly spoken. During the Yuan and Ming dynasties, "Bowen" (白文) was used, which was the so-called "white reading of Chinese characters". The Bai people use Chinese characters to write, but they have their own language and rich literature and art. Good at farming and salting azaleas. Three-course tea is a traditional way of drinking tea when the Bai people of Yunnan entertain distinguished guests.
The Bai ethnic group is an ancient ethnic group and is closely related to the ancient Qiang people. It was distributed in the Erhai area as early as the 1st century AD (Han Dynasty). In the 2nd century AD, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established counties here. In the 3rd and 4th centuries AD, due to wars, many Han people took refuge in the Bai area and some of them merged with them; in 715 AD, those who moved from eastern Yunnan to the Erhai area A large number of people of all ethnic groups merged into the Bai ethnic group. Around the 14th century, many Han people stationed troops here, and later they merged with the local Bai people. Later, some Yi and Achang people also merged into the Bai people. Especially during the Dali Kingdom, the Bai people formed an ancient ethnic group with roughly the same language and culture, similar economic levels, and relatively fixed residences. After the Tang Dynasty, Dali surrendered to the central government and was influenced by the culture and economy of the Han people in the mainland. With more influence, agriculture, handicrafts and commerce have further developed. By the Yuan Dynasty, it had become a very prosperous city. Dali has beautiful scenery and pleasant climate. In this beautiful and fertile land, the hard-working and brave Bai people are known for their long history and developed culture. The colorful customs and customs attract many tourists. The Bai people in Dali have a long history and developed culture. In 1253, the Yuan Dynasty established a province in Yunnan and set up Dali Road and Heqing Road in the Dali area. In the Ming Dynasty, it was changed to Dali Prefecture and Heqing Prefecture, and the policy of returning the land to the locals was implemented. The Qing Dynasty continued this policy of the Ming Dynasty, but appointed a group of native officials and chieftains in remote mountainous areas.
Culture and Art
In the long-term historical development process, the Bai people have created a splendid culture and contributed to the civilization of the motherland. Traces of ditches have been found in the Cang'er Neolithic site. At the Jianchuanhaimenkou copper-stone site, it was discovered that the residents had been engaged in raising livestock and farming. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, bronze culture appeared in the Erhai area. During the Shu Han Dynasty, the Erhai area had developed to the point where "the land had rice fields and livestock husbandry." The ancestors of the Bai people in the Tang Dynasty were able to build the "Gaohe" water conservancy project in Cangshan Mountain, irrigating tens of thousands of hectares of farmland, repairing high mountain terraces, and creating the Dengchuan Luoshi River Flood Diversion Project. Nanzhao has its own calendar. The Ming Dynasty Bai scholar Zhou Silian's "Taihe Genglu Zhongxing Catalog" and Li Xingwei's "Book of Strange Prescriptions" are masterpieces summarizing ancient astronomy and medicine.
The Bai people are unique in art, and their architecture, sculpture, and painting arts are famous at home and abroad. The three pagodas of Chongsheng Temple in Dali were built in the Tang Dynasty. The main pagoda is nearly 60 meters high and divided into sixteen levels. It is exquisitely crafted and similar to the Small Wild Goose Pagoda in Xi'an. The Shibaoshan Grottoes in Jianchuan are technically sophisticated and the figures are lifelike. It has the unique characteristics of our country's grotto statues and a strong national style, occupying a high position in the history of our country's stone carving art. The Jizushan temple complex built since the Yuan and Ming dynasties has overlapping brackets, raised roof corners, and layers of figures, flowers, and birds carved out of the doors and windows using the openwork method. They are ingenious and durable. They are all made by the famous "Jianchuan Carpenter". The lacquerware of the Bai people has very high artistic attainments. Most of the high-tech lacquerware used in the Yuan and Ming dynasties were selected from Yunnan. The lacquerware of Dali was passed down to the Ming Dynasty and has always been regarded as the precious "Song Ti". When the Eight-Power Allied Forces invaded Beijing, the "Nanzhao Zhongxing National History Picture Scroll" stolen by the imperialists was a masterpiece by Bai painters Zhang Shun and Wang Fengzong in 1899. It exquisitely depicts the myths and legends of Nanzhao's establishment in the form of continuous short paintings, vivid and beautiful, and is one of my country's precious cultural relics. The "Dali Scroll" created by Zhang Shengwen in 1172 is known as the "Treasure of the South". The painting is ten feet long and 134 pages long. It has the theme of "King Sutra of Protectors of the Country" and depicts 628 portraits of different faces. The brushwork is exquisite and skillful, and the workmanship is exquisite. It is a treasure of ancient Chinese art.
The "Bai Opera" developed from the "Chui Chui Tune" of classical opera all have distinctive national characteristics.
The cultural level of the Bai people is relatively high, and various talents emerge in large numbers.
In ancient times, the Bai people had a step song that combined music and dance. The long poem "Genesis" circulated among the people narrates the story of Pangu's creation of the world, and traces the Bai people's equal life without class oppression and exploitation in primitive society, where "the world is at peace", "there is no distinction between the poor and the rich", and "the people are fat and fat". Poems such as "On the Road" by Yang Qikun, a poet of the Bai ethnic group in Nanzhao, and "On the Road to Daci Temple Peony" and "Dongyun Song" by Yang Yizong are known as "master" masterpieces and are included in "The Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty". Literary works such as "Wang Fu Yun", "Snake Bone Pagoda", "Killing the State Officials", "Gou Yuetou", etc. praise the heroic figures of the ancient Bai people in the class struggle and production struggle. Nanzhao's famous "Lion Dance" was introduced to the Central Plains during the Tang Dynasty. "Nanzhao Sacred Music" was listed as one of the 14 Tang Dynasty music works in the Tang Dynasty court. "Bai Diao" is a metrical poem with the widely circulated "Three Seven One Five" (the first three sentences are seven characters, and the last sentence is five characters). In the mid-15th century, some literati used this folk song form to write famous poems, such as Yang Fu's "Ci Ji Shanhua Stele". The "Chuchui Tune" of Bai Opera is a comprehensive art developed on the basis of the early "Dabenqu".
According to the "Nanzhao Zhongxing National History Picture Scroll", there were historical works such as "The History of the Zhang Family" and "The Origin of Weishan, Tiezhu Temple, Xi'er River, etc." during the Nanzhao period. During the Dali Kingdom, there were also "White History" and "National History", but they have been lost. Only fragments of "White History" are scattered in the inscriptions of the Ming Dynasty. Although the Yuan Dynasty Bai history books "Bai Gu Tong" and "Xuanfeng Nian Yu Zhi" have been lost, they are the blueprints for the Ming Dynasty Yunnan local history books such as "Dian Zai Ji" and "Nanzhao Unofficial History". Among those who researched the history of the Erhai region based on historical records is the Ming Dynasty Bai scholar Yang Shiyun's "Jun Da Ji". This book was adopted by another Bai scholar Li Yuanyang into Jiajing's "Dali Fu Zhi" and is the basis for Wanli's "Yunnan General Chronicles Evolution and Major Events". When Wang Song, a historian of the Bai ethnic group in the Qing Dynasty, compiled Daoguang's "General Chronicles of Yunnan", he compiled 61 kinds of books recording Yunnan into 21 volumes of "Yunnan Preparatory Chronicles". Important reference material for history.
Important festivals
"March Street", also known as "Guanyin City", is a grand festival and good period for the Bai people. It is held every year from the 15th to the 20th of March in the lunar calendar at the foot of Diancang Mountain in the west of Dali City. Initially it was a religious activity, but later it gradually turned into a grand material exchange meeting. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, merchants from Sichuan, Tibet and Jiangnan provinces came here to trade. After the founding of New China, March Street has developed into an annual material exchange and national sports and art conference.
The Torch Festival is held every year on the 25th day of the sixth lunar month. It is a traditional festival of the Bai people. On the day of the festival, men, women and children gather together to worship their ancestors. Through activities such as worshiping torches, lighting torches, playing with torches, and jumping on torches, we wish for a bumper harvest and prosperity for livestock.
On the eve of the festival, the whole village erected a large torch about 10 to 20 meters high. Use a pine tree as a pole, tie it with wheat straw and pine branches, and put a flag on the top. The flagpole is made of bamboo poles connected in series with three rising buckets made of paper strips, which means rising to three levels in a row. Small paper flags with calligraphy and paintings such as peace of the country and the people, good weather, good life, good harvests, and prosperous domestic animals are placed around each cup. Under the cup are hung torches, pears, crab apples, fireworks, lamps, and colorful flags.
At noon of the Torch Festival, people bring small torches, paper money, incense and candles, and offerings to their ancestors’ graves to sweep their tombs and pay homage. After the small torch is lit, three handfuls of rosin are sprinkled on the tomb, and the person can return home only after the torch reaches the handle. If the cemetery is far away from home, worship at home.
Before the sun sets, each family finishes dinner in advance and helps the old and young to go out to watch the torches and horse racing. There are adults and children running the horses. After running around the torch three times, you can gallop into the distance. Those who are not racing will go from house to house admiring the torches in front of each house to see whose torch is exquisite and beautiful. Before all the torches in the village are lit, the young wives hold umbrellas and spin their newborn babies three times under the torches to ward off evil spirits and gain blessings.
When night falls, the elderly in the village take the lead in offering sacrifices and kowtow to the big fire. Several brave and vigorous young men climbed up the tall big torches one by one, and passed the small torches one by one to light the big ones. In an instant, columns of flames soared into the sky, drums played loudly, firecrackers roared, and the sound reached the sky. The scene was spectacular. When the bamboo pole hanging the bucket from the torch was burned, people scrambled to grab the bucket that flew down from the sky. The person who grabs it is regarded as a lucky person, receives congratulations from everyone, and is escorted home, where the host entertains the crowd with cigarettes, wine, and tea. The person who grabs the bucket on the big fire handle for the next year will prepare it.
The climax of the Torch Festival is playing with torches. Young men and women each hold a torch.
When he sees someone, he grabs a handful of rosin powder from his satchel and sprinkles it on the torch. Every time a handful is thrown, a dazzling fire will be emitted, with a "boom" sound, and the flames will burn towards the opponent, which is called "giving a handful". The Bai people believe that pointing a flame can burn away bad luck on one's body. Therefore, they compete with each other and play happily. After the fire show, young people will go to the fields in groups, holding small torches, sprinkle rosin powder on the torches, and shine the ears of the grains, which is intended to eliminate diseases and insect pests and ensure a bumper harvest.
At the end of the Torch Festival, there is also torch dancing. Around midnight, burning matchsticks from the carnival are piled into piles of bonfires. One by one, young men and women walked back and forth from the bonfire two or three times, praying to the God of Fire to "ward off disasters and evil spirits." It depends on who can jump high and far until the fun is exhausted.
Dali has beautiful scenery and pleasant climate. In this beautiful and fertile land, the hard-working and brave Bai people attract many tourists with their long history, developed culture and colorful customs. who. The Bai folk residential buildings have a unique style. Housing mostly adopts the format of three bedrooms and one screen wall or four-in-five patio. They attach great importance to the decorative art of gatehouse construction and screen walls, door and window carvings and gable paintings. The gatehouse is usually decorated with clay sculptures, wood carvings, paintings, stone carvings, marble screens, convex tiles and blue bricks to form angular cornices. The flower fringes are exquisite and the brackets are overlapping. They are powerful, steady and beautiful, reflecting the architectural talent and art of the Bai working people. creativity.
The Bai people prefer white, and the overall color of their houses is white. The color of the Bai's traditional clothing is also white. Men usually wear white button-up tops with a black-collared coat; women wear white tops. , then put on a blue, red or black waistcoat and a small embroidered apron around the waist. Married women's headdress is usually blue. The girl tied her braids with a red rope, and then wrapped a colorful patch around her head. The thunder-white tassels fluttered on the right side of her head, which showed her charm.
The Bai people in Dali love flowers, and almost every household grows medicine. There are three households with one well and one household with several pots of flowers. Most of the girls’ names have flower characters, such as: golden flower, silver flower. , German flowers, beautiful flowers, spring flowers, etc.
Torch Festival: held by the Bai people on June 25th. Travel enthusiasts who cannot go to Dali can go to Shalang Bai Township, Wuhua District, Kunming City, which is the closest to Kunming City, to see the wonderful things.
Etiquette and taboos
1. Etiquette and taboos in daily life
The Bai people are warm and hospitable. It is the etiquette of the Bai people to treat guests first. When guests come to the house, they are treated to wine and tea. The famous "Three Courses of Tea" is the Bai people's hospitality gift. However, when Bai people pour tea, they usually only fill half a cup, while pouring wine requires a full cup. They believe that "full cup of wine is respectful, full cup of tea is deceiving." When you receive warm hospitality from the Bai people, you should say "Nowei Ni" (thank you) to express your gratitude and gratitude.
Respecting elders is a traditional virtue of the Bai people. When you see an elderly person, you should take the initiative to say hello, say hello, give way, give up your seat, serve tea, and pass cigarettes. The first cup of morning tea after getting up should be served to the elderly. When eating, let the elderly sit at the table and use the chopsticks first. Don't say bad words or cross your legs in front of the elderly. Among the Bai people in some mountainous areas, family members have relatively fixed seats. Generally, male elders sit on the upper left, female elders sit on the upper right, and guests and juniors sit below and above. The fire pit of the Bai people is a sacred place. It is taboo to spit into the fire pit and to step over it. It is also taboo for Bai people to sit on the threshold of their homes. It is forbidden for women to step over tools used by men. It is taboo for people wearing Xiaopa to enter the family, as it is believed that this will bring uncleanness to the family.
2. Etiquette and taboos in festivals and sacrificial activities
March Street is a grand festival of the Bai people. The festival takes place from the 15th to the 20th of the third lunar month every year. In addition, the Bai people, like the Han people, celebrate the Spring Festival from the first to the tenth day of the first lunar month every year, and the Ancestor Worship Festival is held on the 15th day of the seventh lunar month. The Bai people have many etiquette and taboos during festivals. The Bai people in Yuanjiang County are prohibited from killing animals during the annual March Festival or the Tianzi Temple Fair. The Bai people in Dali are not allowed to use knives, carry water, splash water, or sweep the floor on New Year's Day. When the Nujiang Bai people worship their ancestors before dinner on New Year's Eve, they are taboo about the presence of outsiders. On New Year's Eve, you need to get back the things you have lent to others, otherwise you will have trouble finding money and food in the coming year. Therefore, things borrowed from others must be returned to others before New Year's Eve. The seventh day of the Lunar New Year is Women's Day. Women do not cook, carry water, or do any other work, but play to their heart's content. The ninth day of the Lunar New Year is Men's Day, and men take a rest. The Bai people in Yunlong County do not allow people to walk around on July half.
3. Etiquette and taboos in weddings, funerals, and childbirth
After Bai women become pregnant, they tie a hinged double-house apron and fold the front page in half around their waist as a sign of good fortune. logo. When outsiders see you, you must know how to pay attention to key points of protection. If a pregnant woman is accidentally injured, make sure that the mother and child are safe after delivery. For the Bai people in some places, pregnant women are not allowed to enter the bride and groom's bridal chamber. After the baby lands, whoever is the first to step through the door of the mother's house will be born. The Bai people believe that whoever steps on a child will have a child's temperament in the future. The Bai people are most taboo about people wearing filial piety coming to the baby, so after the baby is born, the family should immediately spread three arcs of white lime on the door and wrap a green bamboo strip around the threshold. If a boy is born, a straw sandal is added under the green bamboo strips, and some even nail a steamer bottom on the gate to show taboos. Anyone who accidentally breaks into a pregnant woman's house must give her a bowl of fresh thick rice soup, brown sugar, eggs, sweet white wine and an earthen pot of pig's trotters stewed with leek roots. On the morning of the third day after delivery, the mother's family will invite a "porridge and rice guest" or "porridge guest". When you go to a Bai family to make rice porridge, you have to use a bamboo basket to carry eggs, brown sugar, children's clothes and hats, etc. to congratulate them. Among the Bai people in Dali and Jianchuan areas, after a woman gives birth, the host will treat the first guest who enters the house to eat poached egg dumplings. The guest cannot refuse, otherwise the host will be angry.
Ethnic Diet
The daily diet in the Bai area of ??Dali varies depending on the local products. People in the Pingba area eat rice and wheat as their staple food, while those living in mountainous areas eat corn and tuna as their staple food. Commonly eaten vegetables include cabbage, green vegetables, radish, eggplant, melons, beans and peppers. Among the Bai dietary customs, the following are more distinctive.
Raw hide
Raw hide is a unique dish of the Bai people. This is a whole pig or sheep roasted over a straw fire. When roasted until half-rare, remove the hair and roast again until the skin and meat are golden brown. When eating, cut the meat into shreds or slices, and add seasonings such as ginger, onions, garlic, stewed plums, chili peppers, and Umei. It is fragrant and fresh and is a national delicacy for entertaining distinguished guests.
Boiled fish in sea water ("boiled fish in live water" or "hot and sour fish")
When fishermen on the Erhai Lake cook fish, they especially cook what is locally called "oil fish" "When waiting for plump fish, there is generally no need to fry it. They scooped water from the Erhai Lake, and when the water in the pot boiled, they put in fresh fish, and then added thick chili powder and Sichuan pepper powder. It tasted delicious and spicy, and was commonly known as "sea fish boiled in sea water."
Xiaguan Fish Casserole
This is a local specialty dish in Xiaguan. Wash the plump carp from Erhai Lake by caesarean section, smear with a little salt, marinate for ten minutes, and combine with ham slices, tender chicken pieces, fresh meat slices, pork liver slices, mushrooms, egg rolls, meatballs, sea cucumbers, tofu, magnolia slices, etc. Put appropriate amounts of various ingredients together in a casserole, add appropriate amounts of pepper, refined salt, MSG and other seasonings, and cook over a slow fire on a charcoal stove. When eating, place the casserole on a plate and place it on the table. It will be steaming hot and delicious.
Stewed plums
Dali produces plums, especially on the east coast of Erhai Lake. The half-mountain and half-ba area that stretches for hundreds of miles is full of plum trees. There are two types of plums: bitter plum and salt plum. Stewed plums made from bitter plums are a favorite condiment of the Bai people. To stew plums, put the bitter plums in a sand pot, add salt and pepper, cover tightly, place it in the middle of the fire pond, pile rice husks around it, ignite it, and stew it over low heat for one to two days. At this time, the black stewed plum tastes sour and fragrant, and people often use it as a seasoning for eating rawhide, or add brown sugar to make stewed plum soup. Stewed plums are shelf-stable and can last for one or two years without going bad.
Carved plums
The carved plums produced in Eryuan County are made by soaking the salted plums in lime water. After taking it out to dry, use a knife to carve a continuous zigzag pattern on the top of the plum, and carefully squeeze out the plum core to make it hollow and like a wisp. After being flattened, it looks like a blooming chrysanthemum. At this time, soak it in wine and then soak it in brown sugar. After a few months, you open the bottle and take it out. The carved plums are golden in color and overflowing with fragrance. They are the best fruits produced in Eryuan County.
Girls from the Bai ethnic group in Eryuan are good at making carved plum blossoms, and this has become a symbol of a girl’s ingenuity. Because according to local wedding customs, before a girl gets married, she must give her husband's family a plate of carved plums made by the girl as a meeting gift. On the wedding night, the bride should set up a sweet banquet for relatives and friends, which is called "setting out fruit wine". The honey money, dried fruits and carved plums brought by the bride are displayed on the table to entertain the guests and let everyone taste them. Therefore, the girls from Eryuan all carved carefully, and the carved plums they produced were not only excellent fruits, but also a kind of arts and crafts.
Bait cubes
Bait cubes, also known as baba, are traditional snacks widely popular in Yunnan.
However, Dali bait cubes are unique: steamed rice balls are placed on a marble pad and kneaded by hand. Wrap in sugar, walnut salt, brine, etc., and bake on a charcoal stove*. This freshly kneaded and roasted bait is soft, fragrant and delicious.
Rufan
Dengchuanba, Eryuan, has fertile land and rich water and grass. The farmers here have a tradition of raising dairy cows. The locally produced milk fan is a famous specialty. When making milk fans, first ferment fresh milk into yogurt water, then put it into a pot and heat it to 60C to 70C. Then pour in the fresh milk and stir it gently with bamboo chopsticks to gradually condense the protein and fat in the milk into yogurt. It is made into fluffy shape, then spread into thin slices with bamboo chopsticks, and air-dried on a bamboo rack.
The milk fan is yellow with white, pure and bright, and as thin as paper. It is rich in protein, fat, etc. and is rich in nutrients. It can be eaten raw, fried, steamed or grilled. But it is best to fry it in sesame oil until it turns light yellow, take it out and let it cool, it will be crispy, fragrant and especially delicious. Confucius is a delicacy for the Bai people to entertain guests, a necessary offering for sacrifices, and a good gift for friends.
Roasted tea
Roasted tea is a traditional tea custom of the Bai people. Bai people's main room usually has a cast-iron brazier with a wooden frame and an iron tripod on it. When guests come, the host will let the guests sit down in the main room, light a fire in the brazier, and put a sand pot on it to prepare roasted tea. Hospitality. After the sand pot is simmered, add tea leaves, shake quickly and simmer. When the tea leaves are roasted until they are yellow in color and a subtle fragrance of tea emerges, pour in a spoonful of boiling water. At this time, I heard the sound of "maid", and the tea foam that was washed up also rose to the mouth of the jar, like a hydrangea flower, and an alluring tea fragrance immediately floated around. The sound of making tea is loud and crisp, so roasted tea is also called "Thunder Tea".
When the tea foam falls into the sand pot, boiling water can be poured in and the tea can be served to the guests. The roasted tea has a bright yellow color and a strong aroma. Generally, roasted tea is brewed three times and simmered while roasting: the first drink is slightly bitter, the second drink is sweet and mellow, and the last drink is even sweeter. People have endless aftertaste. This is called "the first bitterness, the second sweetness, and the third aftertaste." In some places, when drinking the second tea, walnut kernel slices, brown sugar, honey and a few peppercorns are added to the tea to give it a unique flavor.
The roasted tea tea set is also very unique. The clay pot for roasted tea is rough, but the tea cup is a small, exquisite, white and crystal clear porcelain cup. According to the custom of "respecting guests with wine, bullying others with tea", the host should pour less tea and only take one or two sips. When the host holds up the tea cup with both hands and offers the first cup of tea to the guest, the guest should give it to the eldest person in the host's family and the elders in the room after receiving the tea. After some humility to each other, the guest can drink the tea. At this time, while the guests are sipping, they also appreciate the sweet fragrance of the tea and the exquisiteness of the tea cup. Therefore, the Bai people's custom of roasting tea can be called a tea ceremony art.
The tea leaves used in Bai roasted tea are mostly Xiaguanlun tea. Xiaguan has always been a tea-making center, and the loose tea produced here is exported to Tibet, Sichuan and other places. Because of the long journey, we were often hit by wind and rain, and suffered heavy losses. Later, the loose tea was pressed into bowl-shaped tea cubes, which were not only durable in storage and easy to transport, but also retained the tea flavor. When the tea was transported to Huzhou, Sichuan, which is located at the confluence of the Yangtze River and the Lunjiang River, tea merchants promoted the tea in order to sell it widely: "Lunjiang water, Xiaguan tea, has high fragrance, mellow taste and good quality." Over time, Sichuan people called the tea produced in Xiaguan Xiaguan tea. As a result, this kind of Xiaguan Lun tea, which has a mellow flavor, clear yellow soup color, fragrant aroma, quenches thirst and refreshes the mind, and has the effect of eliminating food, promoting qi, dispersing smoke and sobering up, has become famous far and wide.
Pork liver gizzards
After the frost, some farmers in Heqing began to slaughter pigs. At this time, they would pickle pig liver gizzards, a traditional flavor food of the Bai people, as usual.
The preparation method of pork liver gizzards is roughly as follows: wash the fresh pork liver, pork belly, pork intestines and ribs, put them into a pot and cook them until they are half cooked, take them out and let them cool, then put the pork liver and pig intestines into the pot. , cut the pork belly into pieces, and chop the ribs into small pieces. Then, add salt at a ratio of 10%, chili powder at a ratio of 12%, 150-200 grams of pepper powder, 50-100 grams of fenugreek powder and strong. 1 jin of wine, mix thoroughly, put into a clay pot, press tightly, seal tightly, and place in a ventilated and cool place.
After three or four months, it can be opened and eaten. When you unseal it, the unique aroma of pig liver gizzards comes out. When eating, put the pork liver in a bowl and steam it in a rice cooker. The steamed pork liver and spleen are smooth and oily, with an attractive aroma. It tastes spicy and salty, tender and delicious. It is a good dish for Bai farmers to entertain relatives and friends. If you eat rice noodles or noodles, use it as a cover to cover dishes, which will taste better.
Bai people’s customs and congratulatory songs for celebrating new houses. In the Bai area, building a house is one of the three major events in life. Naturally, a grand and lively ceremony must be held, and congratulatory songs must be sung according to the ceremony.
When building a new house, you must first choose an auspicious day to start laying the stone foundations. After the stone foundations are laid, wait a few months (in some places, it takes two to three years. The Bai people call this period of time "wall resting"). Construction starts on an auspicious day. Congratulatory songs should be sung during the construction. The congratulatory song consists of two parts: "Shangliang Song" and "Sealing Longkou", which are sung by the carpenter at different times. "Song of Shangliang" should be sung when the beam is raised. Amid the joyful sounds of suonas, gongs and drums, and cheers of congratulations, the carpenter in charge wore a red robe, took the big red rooster from the master, walked out of the main room, and sang: "The big red rooster is roosterous, you are at home." It’s the fifth watch, and I’ll use you to announce the good news when I meet the master who builds a golden house. Sing loudly to my neighbors and friends, and celebrate the good times. Every day is new.” He climbed over the scaffolding amidst people’s congratulations and climbed onto the platform. The two temporary "balconies" built on the central pillars bowed to the east, west, south, north, and middle respectively, and then sang loudly: "At one o'clock, the dragon's head will produce students, and at two o'clock, the dragon's tail will rise to the sky."