Why is the patent fee of cdma expensive?

Because GSM (commonly known as 2G) is free of patent fees, it almost bypassed Qualcomm before MediaTek was authorized by CDMA. The maximum charge for CDMA is 7.5%, which is actually nothing. WIFI was once very high, with WCDMA accounting for more than 25% and LTE charging 30% patent fees. This has led to the 3G era, China Unicom has the least equipment, less than telecommunications, because the patent fee is high, but international manufacturers will not stop doing WCDMA because of the patent fee. Where is it?