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Physics examination questions
Precautions:
1. Pages 65438 +0 to 2 in this paper are multiple-choice questions with ***24 points, and pages 3 to 6 are non-choice questions with ***76 points. The full score of the whole paper is 100, and the examination time is 100. All candidates' answers are answered on the answer sheet, and the answers are invalid on this paper.
2. Please carefully check whether the name and test certificate number of the bar code pasted by the invigilator on the answer sheet are consistent with me, and then fill in my name and test certificate number on the answer sheet and this paper with a 0.5mm black ink pen.
3. For multiple-choice questions, the corresponding answer label on the answer sheet must be blacked out with 2B pencil. If you need to change, please clean it with an eraser, and then choose another answer. Non-multiple-choice questions must be written in the designated position of the answer sheet with a 0.5 mm black ink pen, and the answers in other positions are invalid.
4. The drawing questions must be answered with 2B pencil, and please add black and bold.
1. Multiple-choice questions (this topic is *** 12, with 2 points for each question and 24 points for * * *. Only one of the four options given in each question is correct)
1. What is the following statement about sound phenomenon?
A. sound is produced by the vibration of objects?
B. sound can travel in a vacuum.
People can distinguish the sounds made by different musical instruments because their loudness is different.
D. the speed of sound propagation is independent of the medium and temperature.
2. The gas station has signs such as "No Smoking", "Please turn off the engine" and "Please don't use the mobile phone". This is to prevent sparks from igniting gasoline and causing fire, because gasoline is easy to burn at room temperature.
A. liquefaction B. vaporization C. ninghua? D. sublimation
3.？ Since Thomson discovered the electron, people began to study the internal structure of the atom. Scientists have put forward many models of atomic structure. In the first half of the 20th century, which of the following figures was the most acceptable atomic structure? (See Figure 3)
4.？ Which of the following phenomena increases the internal energy of an object by doing work?
A. Hands rub against each other, and the temperature of hands rises.
B. heating water with a gas stove
C. keep warm with a hot water bottle?
D. People who stand in the sun in winter will feel warm.
5. The following practices do not meet the requirements of safe electricity use.
A. the light switch must be connected to the neutral line.
B. the metal shell of household appliances must be grounded.
C. When household appliances catch fire, you must first cut off the power supply and then put out the fire.
D. don't wipe the electrical appliance with a wet cloth.
6. The following phenomena are all caused by inertia.
A. Throw a stone upward, and the rising speed of the stone will be slower and slower after being shot.
B. Throw a stone upward, and it will eventually fall back to the ground.
C in the 100 meter race, the athletes can't stop immediately when they reach the finish line.
D. the people on the boat will row backwards and the boat will move forward.
7. In response to the national call of "energy saving and emission reduction", the students discussed the energy-saving methods of family cars. What do you think is unreasonable about the following methods?
A. frequent refueling and sudden braking are not allowed during driving.
B. Regularly clean the items that are not commonly used in the trunk of the car to reduce the load of the car.
C when driving the air conditioner in summer, the temperature of the air conditioner should not be too low.
D. Driving at low speed for a long time
8.？ In order to explore which factors are related to stress, the teacher prepared the equipment as shown in the figure:
A small table with nails as legs, a sponge, a heavy object, a wooden board, a mineral water bottle with proper amount of water, a container with sand, etc. For students to choose from. Among the four groups of equipment selected by students, what can't achieve the purpose of inquiry is:
A.？ ①③⑥? B? ②⑤? c？ ②③④D？ ③④⑤
9.？ In the relationship between the following phenomena and the physical knowledge involved, the mistake is
A.？ Altitude sickness-the relationship between atmospheric pressure and altitude
B.？ Lift obtained by aircraft in flight-the relationship between fluid pressure and flow velocity
C.？ Underwater submarine can float-the relationship between liquid pressure and depth
D.？ Cooking in a pressure cooker is easy-the relationship between boiling point and air pressure
10. in the experiment of "exploring the current in series circuit", a classmate measured the current at points a, b and c in the figure with an ammeter, and obtained the preliminary conclusion of their relationship. In order to further explore their relationship, his next step is
A. switch the poles of the power supply and measure the current at a, b and c again.
B change the position of switch s and measure the current at a, b and c again.
C. Switch the positions of the two bulbs in the figure and measure the current at A, B and C again.
D. Replace the bulbs with different specifications and measure the currents of A, B and C again?
1 1. A teacup is placed on a table in Zhang Shuiping. The following statement is correct.
A. The gravity of the teacup and the pressure of the teacup on the desktop are a pair of interactive forces.
B. The gravity of the teacup and the supporting force of the desktop on the teacup are a pair of balancing forces.
C. The gravity of the teacup and the pressure of the teacup on the desktop are a pair of balancing forces.
D. The gravity of the teacup and the supporting force of the desktop on the teacup are a pair of interactive forces.
12. The equipment that consumes electric energy in household refrigerators is mainly electric compressors and light bulbs. The electric compressor m is controlled by the temperature control switch S 1, and the light bulb l is controlled by the door control switch S2. The temperature control switch S 1 and the door control switch S2 can work independently or simultaneously. As shown in the picture, several students drew the circuit diagram of the refrigerator. Which one is correct?
2. Fill in the blanks (this title is *** 12, each space is 1 minute, with a total of ***28 points).
13. There are five items: rubber, salt water, mercury, plastic ruler and pencil lead. Please classify them, among which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
14. The survival of mankind is inseparable from energy. Among solar energy, oil, water energy and coal, some belong to non-renewable energy: some belong to clean energy.
15.？ As shown in the figure, when discussing the relativity of object movement involved in the sentence "the cloud goes west and the moon goes east", students who think that the cloud goes west take this as a reference; Students who think the moon moves eastward take this as a reference.
16. As shown in the picture, it is the Ferris wheel beside Lihu Lake in Wuxi. When Xiao Ming reached the highest point on the ferris wheel rotating at a constant speed, his gravitational potential energy (choose "increase", "decrease" or "unchanged", the same below) and his mechanical energy _ _ _ _ _.
17. In the experiment of "observing the boiling of water", an experimental group observed the rise of bubbles in water before and during boiling, as shown in Figures A and B, in which? What happens when water boils. The data recorded during the experiment are shown in the following table:
(1) From the recorded data, we can draw an experimental conclusion: What is the boiling temperature of water? ℃.
(2) According to the experimental data, the boiling point of water is obviously different from that of water at 100℃ standard atmospheric pressure. If the measurement method is correct, you think the reason for the difference may be:.
18.？ When adjusting the balance of the pallet balance, some students found that the pointer stopped at the left side of the dial, as shown in Figure A. To balance the balance, turn the balance nut at the right end of the beam to? (Select "Left" or "Right") to move. When he measured the mass of an object with a balance, he found that the pointer was biased to the left of the dial (as shown in Figure A). What should he do at this time? (optional "increase" or "decrease") weight; When he puts the weights of 50g, 20g, 10g on the right plate of the balance, moves the traveling code to the position shown in Figure B, and the pointer points to the center of the dial, then the mass of the measured object is g. 。
19.？ Take a small plastic bag (ignoring gravity), fill it with water, tie the bag mouth tightly with thin thread (air is not needed in the bag), and measure the gravity of water with spring force, as shown in the figure. The gravity of water is as follows
When this bag of water is gradually immersed in the water, the reading of the spring dynamometer gradually decreases, indicating that the buoyancy of the water bag increases with the increase of the boiling water volume. When the water bag is completely immersed in water, the reading of the spring dynamometer is zero, and the volume of boiling water discharged by the plastic bag is? m3。
(g= 10N/kg)
20. In the closed circuit as shown in the figure, the ab line is static. What is the pointer of the sensitive galvanometer when the shoe magnet moves to the right in the horizontal direction? (Optional "Deflection" or "No Deflection"); If the direction of the magnet movement remains the same, the direction of the induced current can only be changed by a switch.
2 1. When studying circuit problems, the power supply voltage used is 3V, and the resistance of the conventional ammeter used by students for experiments is 0.3ω. If the ammeter is directly connected to the power supply, the current through the ammeter is _ _ _ _ _ A, and the consequences of this operation are as follows.
22. As shown in the figure, two objects A and B with the same mass are lifted to the same height at a uniform speed by the crown block and the movable pulley respectively, regardless of the rope weight and friction force. If the weight g of the movable pulley is less than the weight g of the object B, then the tensile force F A F B (optional >), "< or" = ",the same below) and its mechanical efficiency η A? Eta B.
23. The experimental process of exploring the characteristics of electromagnetic waves is as follows: (1) Turn on the "background light prompt" function of the mobile phone, put it in a vacuum cover, and use an air extractor to extract the air from the cover to make a call to the mobile phone in the cover. At this time, the background light of the mobile phone flashes. This fact shows that electromagnetic waves _ _ _ _ _ _ (choose "can" or "can't".
24.？ The nameplate of incandescent light bulb is marked with "220 volts? 100W ",the filament resistance of this lamp is _ _ _ _ ω. ? The light bulb normally glows 1min, and the electric energy consumed by the filament is _ _ _ _ j. If the filament is broken and reconnected, the resistance of the filament becomes 440Ω, and the power consumed by the light bulb after being electrified is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ w. 。
Three. Solution (There are 7 small questions in this question, with a score of ***48, of which 26, 29, 3 1 should have a problem-solving process)
25.( 1) As shown in Figure A, a beam of light is reflected on a plane mirror. Please draw the reflected light of incident light AO (normal line is required).
(2) As shown in Figure B, there is a shot put on the horizontal table. Please draw a schematic diagram of the pressure of the shot put on the desktop and the support of the desktop to the shot put.
(3) As shown in Figure C, pry the thumbtack with a screwdriver. Please draw the screwdriver arm held by thumbtack F2 on the drawing; And draw the schematic diagram of the minimum power F 1 acting on point A on the screw handle.
26. "Haibao" is the mascot of Expo 20 10, and its shape is shown in the figure. In order to welcome the World Expo, a large sculpture "Haibao" was placed on the horizontal ground at the entrance of a park with a gravity of 3.6× 104? n，？ The contact area with the horizontal ground is 1.2? M2.g is 10n/kg. Find:
(1) What is the mass of this sculpture?
(2) What is the pressure of sculpture on the ground?
(3) In the process of handling, the crane lifts the sculpture at a uniform speed of 2m within 20s, so how much work does the crane do for the sculpture?
27. In the experiment of "Measuring the Rated Power of Small Bulbs", Xiao Gang designed the circuit as shown in Figure A with voltmeter, ammeter, switch, sliding rheostat, 6V power supply and small Bulbs with rated voltage of 3.8V 。
(1) In the experiment, it is necessary to connect the equipment shown in Figure B according to the circuit diagram shown in Figure A, so please completely connect the circuit shown in Figure B with a stroke line instead of a wire.
(2) After the circuit is connected correctly, turn off the switch. When the slider of the sliding rheostat moves to the left, the current indicates the number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (select "increase", "decrease" or "constant"). When the voltmeter indicates. Light bulbs usually emit light. At this time, the ammeter pointer is shown in Figure C, which indicates? A. the rated power of a small light bulb is w.
(3) Xiao Ming connects the circuits according to the same circuit diagram. When the last wire is connected, the light bulb immediately emits bright and dazzling light and goes out quickly. After checking, it is found that the connection is correct. Please find out the improper operation in the experiment:
①____________________________________________________;
②____________________________________________________。
28. When exploring the imaging law of convex lens, Xiao Ming used nine red light-emitting diodes to inlay an "F" shape instead of candles as light sources to make a light screen with the same white grid. The focal length of the convex lens used in the experiment is 10cm, and the experimental device is shown in Figure A. 。
(1) In the experiment, firstly, the heights of the light source, convex lens and light screen are adjusted so that their centers are approximately at the same height. What's the purpose?
.
(2) The convex lens is fixed on the zero scale line of optical bench. When Xiao Ming moved the light source to 40cm, it turned upside down and shrunk on the screen. (Fill in "real" or "virtual") image; If Xiaoming moves the light source to the 8cm scale and sees the light source through the convex lens? (Select "Inverted" or "Upright") to enlarge the virtual image.
(3) Students make the following comments on the experimental device used by Xiao Ming, and the wrong one is ().
A. Compared with candle flame, the light source used in the experiment will not shake, and the image formed on the light screen is relatively stable.
B. The light source is embedded in a white grid plate, and the same white grid plate is used as the light screen, which is convenient for comparing the sizes of images and objects.
C the center of the optical platform scale is engraved with zero scale line, which can directly measure the object distance and image distance.
D. If the focal length of the convex lens is unknown, then this experimental device cannot measure the focal length of the convex lens.
(4) The light source "F" is placed at 15cm, and its size is shown in Figure B, and the convex lens is fixed on the optical bench zero scale line. If the upper part of the convex lens is covered with a hood, the image formed on the screen will
Fig. a is a schematic diagram of a distance sensor that sends and receives ultrasonic signals to detect the speed of a car.
(1) It is known that the speed of ultrasonic wave is 340m/s, and it takes 0.4s for the sensor to send and receive ultrasonic signals when detecting the vehicle speed. When the ultrasonic signal meets the vehicle, what is the distance between the vehicle and the sensor?
(2) If the distance sensor is connected to the computer, the distance (s)- time (t) image of the object moving can be displayed on the computer screen. The distance (s)- time (T) image of the car traveling on a flat road measured by the sensor is shown in Figure B. Please draw the speed (v)- time (T) image of the car traveling in Figure C. 。
(3) If the resistance of the car in motion is 3000N, according to the information provided by the car moving distance (s)- time (T) image in question (2), find the work done by the car traction in 10s.
30. In order to explore the quantitative relationship between conductor resistance and conductor length and cross-sectional area, students of a physics interest group designed a circuit as shown in Figure A. In the experiment, two selected wires were connected to the position of circuit 1 and 2 respectively, and the size of resistance wires was compared by comparing the readings of voltmeter. At present, there are several kinds of constantan alloy wires and nickel-chromium alloy wires, and their specifications are shown in the table below:
Number? Materials? Length (meters)? Cross-sectional area (mm2)
Answer? Nickel-chromium alloy? 0.3? 0.5
b？ Nickel-chromium alloy? 0.6? 0.5
c？ Nickel-chromium alloy? 0.3? 1.0
d？ Kangtong wire? 0.3? 0.5
e？ Kangtong wire? 0.3? 1.0
f？ Kangtong wire? 0.8? 0.8
(1) When discussing the quantitative relationship between conductor resistance and conductor length, number them as follows.
These two lines correspond to the positions of the access circuits 1 and 2. When it is found that the voltage representation number U 1:U2 is close? At the same time, it can be preliminarily judged that the resistance of a conductor is directly proportional to its length under the same material and cross-sectional area.
(2) If two wires numbered A and C are connected to the positions of 1 and 2 respectively, what they want to explore is the quantitative relationship between conductor resistance and.
(3) In the course of "Communication and Cooperation", some students suggested that the selected metal wire can also be connected between circuits M and N as shown in Figure B, and the current can be read out, and then the quantitative relationship between conductor resistance and conductor length and cross-sectional area can be explored by using the inverse ratio relationship between current and resistance. Do you think his experimental method is reasonable? Please explain the reason.
E(J)？ 2? 8? 18? 32? 50
V (m/s)? 2? 4? 6? 8? 10
3 1. Air flows to form wind, which can generate electricity. Wind turbine is a device that converts wind energy (kinetic energy of airflow) into electric energy, and its main components include wind turbine, gear box, generator and so on. (pictured). When the wind generates electricity, the blades of the wind turbine are driven by the wind, and the wind drives the generator to generate electricity. In a certain place, the wind wheel is facing the wind. When the wind speed is 8m/s, the wind generator will rotate. It is known that the kinetic energy of air is directly proportional to the air quality, and the kinetic energy (e) of 1kg air at different speeds (v) is shown in the following table.
(1) When the wind speed is 8m/s, what is the air volume passing through the rotating area of the blade per second? If the calorific value of coal is 3.2× 107J/kg, then the wind energy obtained by such a wind turbine in 1h is equivalent to the internal energy generated by the complete combustion of several kilograms of coal.
(2) When the wind speed is 10m/s, what is the air mass flowing from 1s to the rotating area of the blade? If the fan can provide 5.4× 104 in this case? J, so how efficient is this wind turbine to convert wind energy into electricity?
(3) Scientists believe that the ideal aerodynamic device should be built in the air at an altitude of 4600m to10000 m. What are the reasons?