With Mr. Yuan’s death, people who don’t know much about it began to question why the news country gave him such a high evaluation if they didn’t feel his contribution.
First of all, let’s popularize science. Northeastern rice is not hybrid rice. Currently, there are two main types of rice in China, Northeastern rice and Vietnamese fragrant rice. However, hybrid rice is basically not something we can eat because the taste is not that good to be honest. Well, the current domestic planting area is less than 9%. This is because under the current form, food and clothing is not a problem and we choose varieties with better taste, but the yield is not as high as that of super rice. The largest planting area of ??super rice was in the last century, reaching 40%, because the level at that time was not considered Taste, but fullness. China is a country with a large population. No matter what needs to be done, the first consideration must be to feed its billions of people, and super rice is the magic needle. Otherwise, based on the current international situation, China’s population base is smaller than that of foreign countries. If the embargo increases prices, the country will collapse into chaos. But with super rice, we have the confidence to sow it in an all-round way. It only takes a few months to mature. The country’s grain reserves and market grains are enough to support it. Therefore, Mr. Yuan has given the country It’s hard to overestimate the level of success. Although super rice is not sown in China, it has begun to be sown in large areas in Africa. This is also the reason why Mr. Yuan has a high international reputation and the World Food Agency thinks highly of him. Because someone once said that if Yuan Had he not given up this patent, he might have been the richest man in the country or even the world, instead of an old man driving a car worth tens of thousands of dollars and wearing clothes worth tens of dollars. The more you get to know him, the more you will understand what he means to this populous country. !
The rice you eat with a score above 95% is hybrid rice, but it is not the "super rice" developed by Mr. Yuan Longping. As far as I know, Mr. Yuan’s super rice has not been grown commercially because it tastes very bad and cannot be sold. The seeds sold by Longping Hi-Tech are also highly economical seeds. Super rice should be more of a strategic reserve to prevent war or large-scale famine.
Northeastern rice is not hybrid rice. It tastes very good and has a strong aroma. The rice in my hometown Jilin City is very delicious. Located at 43 degrees north latitude, the Daohua-flavored rice produced by Dongfu Rice Industry is well-known both inside and outside the province and has become a business card of Jilin agriculture.
I remember when I went to Beijing in the early 1980s, the rice I ate tasted very bad and was difficult to swallow. We called it noodle rice. Now this kind of rice is no longer available, and rice varieties are constantly being improved and advanced. According to friends, the rice produced locally in the south is also very good and tastes good. In my impression, the rice in the south is far inferior to the rice in the northeast. There is a big gap in the growth period between the three-crop rice in the south and the one-crop rice in the northeast. This determines the quality of the crops. Same as seafood. The aquatic products of the Bohai Sea are better than those of the South China Sea. I still like to eat the regular rice from my hometown and never tire of it. But if I have the chance, I would also like to try some southern hybrid rice.
The golden rice production area recognized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations is 40-45 North latitude, which is eastern Mongolia, Northeast China and Japan rice.
Not hybrid rice.
It is the only high-quality rice recognized by the authority, and the price is also the most expensive. Take the sky-high price of Japanese rice that set a record in China. It was sold exclusively to rich areas. It was later discovered that it was imported from Japan in eastern Mongolia and resold in China.
For example, celebrity Zhou Jie grows rice in Heilongjiang. His high-quality rice is sold to rich people everywhere for 130 yuan per pound.
We are grateful to Yuan Longping, who is a pillar of the country and has made great contributions to increasing food production to meet food and clothing needs and solving people's stomach problems.
The rice produced by hybrid rice is an ordinary grade, not a high-quality grade.
There is only one kind of rice in the world, not hybrid rice. It's what scientists call wild native rice. Because the earth is so large, there are dozens of wild native rice varieties in the world. The rice we eat now is produced through the crossbreeding of two or more wild native rice species over hundreds of years and through multiple generations of selective breeding. Because the yield of wild native rice is so low, the yield per mu is only about 100 kilograms. What we call hybrid rice today is a rice variety with high yield and good taste that combines the excellent genes of certain rice species with modern scientific and technological means.
As for what ordinary people call indica rice and indica rice, they usually refer to southern early rice and late rice. Late rice that has been frosted during the maturity period will taste better. It doesn’t matter whether it’s hybrid rice or not. Northeastern rice is delicious mainly because the single-crop rice has a long growing period.
No. Japonica rice, conventional rice, is grown in the Northeast.
In terms of quality, it is divided into japonica rice and indica rice. Japonica rice has short and thick grains, high amylopectin content and good taste. Indica rice generally has slender rice grains and does not taste good.
In terms of breeding technology, it is divided into hybrid rice, conventional rice, etc. Hybrid rice refers to varieties bred by utilizing hybrid vigor. It is not genetically stable, so new seeds must be purchased every year. Seed companies control the male and female parents, and the offspring after hybridization are commercial seeds. There are two-line and three-line methods, and the seed production process is relatively complicated. Conventional rice is also obtained through continuous cross-breeding of original rice seeds, but without using hybrid vigor, farmers can save the seeds for reuse. Therefore, seed companies have little interest in conventional varieties, and new technologies such as molecular breeding and transgenics are also combined with hybrids.
Mr. Yuan's contribution lies in the discovery of "wild failure" of natural male sterility. On this basis, he developed hybrid rice, which improved the efficiency of hybrid breeding and made its commercial use possible. In the absence of natural sterile lines, one can only use drugs to induce sterility or artificially remove stamens, which is very difficult. Mr. Yuan distributed the wild-bred resources to many research institutions, and everyone worked together to research and cultivate new varieties. The genes of the wild-bred lines have penetrated into many rice varieties. Others include Honglian series, Huahui series, etc.
No. Nearly 100% of the crops in the north are conventional japonica rice, and Hubei, Anhui, and Jiangsu are also dominated by conventional japonica rice. Hybrid japonica rice does not increase yield, so there are almost no hybrid japonica rice, and the little bit of hybrid japonica rice does not taste good.
Note that it is the breakthrough of the seeds, not the rice itself. Everything we eat is, strictly speaking, hybrid, because hybridization is nature's best solution. Mr. Yuan Lao's contribution is mainly a breakthrough in yield per mu, which mainly solves the problem of low arable land and high yield. To put it bluntly, it is to solve the problem of too many people to eat. It is true that the taste of super rice is not very satisfactory, but famine is even worse. We We are all from a generation that has experienced hunger, so we feel the same way, and it is shameful to waste food. Otherwise, we will have to rely on genetically modified technology.
Of course not hybrid rice. There are three main types of rice commonly eaten in my country: glutinous rice, japonica rice, and indica rice. The first is glutinous rice, which is a very traditional rice variety that everyone is familiar with. It is a very sticky rice with a very good taste and the highest amylopectin content. It is often used to make high-end pastries, make rice dumplings, etc. A relatively high-end special rice product, but the yield per mu of glutinous rice is relatively low, the requirements for natural conditions are relatively high, and the economic benefits are not high, so it is not suitable for large-scale planting. The second is japonica rice. Japonica rice is mainly grown in the northern region of my country, including northern Jiangsu, Shandong, Tianjin and the three northeastern provinces. The main production areas are the three northeastern provinces. The more famous varieties are Wuchang rice and Panjin rice. The characteristic of japonica rice is its growth cycle. It is relatively long-lasting and generally matures once a year. The temperature difference between day and night is relatively large in the growing environment. The amylopectin content is relatively high. When cooked, it is relatively sticky, with a sweet taste and a mellow aroma. In terms of varieties, although japonica rice has been repeatedly improved, But this is not the concept of hybrid rice. Farmers can save the rice with better pollination and fuller grains as seeds for the second year. Japonica rice is currently the most popular rice in the north and even some southern regions because it tastes really good. Finally, there is indica rice. Indica rice is mainly grown in the south. It is characterized by a short growth cycle. It can be harvested two to three times a year, or even four times. The temperature difference between day and night in the growing environment is small. The result is a relatively high amylose ratio and branched branches. The proportion of chain starch is relatively low, it becomes hard after cooking, and the taste is average.
Hybrid rice is based on indica rice, and male sterile strains are bred. Finally, after repeated trials, hybrid rice is formed. The characteristics of hybrid rice are fast growth cycle and high yield per mu, but the disadvantage is that the content of amylopectin is higher than that of other rice. The amylopectin content of traditional indica rice is even lower, and the taste is hard. Some varieties even taste the same as chewing gum. They have average disease resistance and require fertile soil and water. In addition, because they are the offspring of male sterile strains, they cannot be retained. Planters can only buy rice seeds from seed companies for tens of yuan per kilogram every year. The planting cost is relatively high. At present, hybrid rice is mainly used as raw materials and strategic reserves and exports of rice products, and the proportion of direct consumption is low. .