Item A According to Article 21 of the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Patent Law, an independent claim of an invention or utility model shall include a preamble part and a characteristic part, which together define the scope of protection required by the invention or utility model. Item b, according to the first paragraph of Article 11 of the Patent Law, patent claims include patented products and patented methods. Item c, according to the provisions of Article 22 of the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Patent Law, the subordinate claim of an invention or utility model shall include a quoting part and a limiting part, in which the limiting part shall specify the additional technical features of the invention or utility model. Article 26 (d) of the Patent Law stipulates that the patent claim shall be based on the specification and clearly and briefly define the scope of patent protection.