Sour plum is a fruit, the size of a lychee. So let’s take a look at the sour plum planting techniques that I carefully recommend for everyone. I hope it will be helpful to you.
Cultivation technology of sour plum
Sour plum is a kind of fruit, the fruit is as big as a lychee. Sour plum blossoms bloom in the twelfth lunar month. The flowers are white. They bear fruit after the flowers fade. The first fruits are green in color, the same color as the leaves. The sour plum blossoms will be basically mature by late April. The diameter of the fruit is about 2-3 cm and the color is light. Yellow, sour and slightly bitter taste. Sour plums have the effects of anti-aging, nourishing the liver and stomach, promoting body fluids and quenching thirst, and neutralizing acidic metabolites.
Sour plum, also called green plum, plum, is a kind of fruit. It belongs to the Dipterocarpaceae tree. The adult plum tree is about 4~5m tall and has a diameter at breast height of about 1.2m. The bark is blue-grey. Young branches and leaves are densely covered with stellate hairs. Cymes panicles, flowers small, white. The fruit is nearly spherical, with 2 long and 3 short spines enlarged by the sepals.
The growth cycle of sour plum is that leaves fall off in autumn, bloom and bear fruit in winter, and grow leaves and fruits in spring and summer. The core is somewhat oval, the core is hard and has a sharp point, and the surface is uneven. In May, the color of the fruit turns yellow, and the taste is different from the original. It is sour and sweet, but do not eat too much, otherwise, your teeth will be sour.
Characteristics of sour plums
Green plums are sweet in nature and taste, have large fruits, thin skin, glossy flesh, small core, crisp and fine texture, juicy and high acidity. , rich in a variety of amino acids needed by the human body, with a sour and sweet aroma, especially because it is rich in fruit acid and vitamin C. Its semi-finished product, dry and wet plums, is elastic and light yellow in color. During processing, the peel It is not easy to crack and its contents are not easy to be lost. During the pickling process, only an appropriate amount of salt is added without adding any other additives to achieve a shelf life of more than 12 months. The quality exceeds the popular Nanko plums in Japan and complies with Japan's It complies with national pickling standards and is very popular in the Japanese market. It is known as the "King of Cold Fruits" and "Natural Green Health Food".
Green plum is more suitable for planting in the subtropical climate with wet summer and dry winter, warm and humid climate. It is a light-loving plant growing in the summer wet zone. The flowering period and young fruit period have particularly strict temperature requirements, and the flowering period requires 15 The number of days above ℃ reaches 30%; its growth and fruiting require moderate rainfall. Generally, the annual rainfall is 800-2000mm in order for green plums to grow and bear fruit well; the soil requirements for the growth of green plums are deep soil, low groundwater level, and good drainage. Good loam, sandy loam and clay loam. Green plum fruit is nearly round in shape, with light yellow-green peel color and uniform color. The peel color of second-grade products allows a small amount of redness; similar domestic products are generally oval in shape, with light green peel, yellow ripe fruit, and redness on the sunny side. It is light auburn to dark red in color, with light yellow flesh. The average weight of a single fruit is 28 grams. The flesh is thick, the core is small, and the edible rate is >89%. The flesh is thin and crisp, with a mellow aroma and unique flavor. It is sour and sweet. Similar domestic products have a slight taste. Bitter or slightly astringent. Green plum contains 7.0% soluble solids, total acid content >4.3%, and is rich in various trace elements, amino acids, and vitamin C.
Cultivation technology of sour plum
Sour plum is mainly distributed in the provinces south of the Yangtze River. There are many varieties of sour plums, including large green plums, small-leaf pig liver plums, large flower plums, embedded plums, etc. In addition to being used as condiments, sour plums can also be used to pickle prunes, green plums, plums, tangerine peel plums, plum jam, Jiayingzi, canned fruits, preserved fruits, etc. Extracting juice from fresh fruits is also a favorite product and is very popular in the international market. 1. Propagation methods: Sour plums are mainly propagated by seeds, but they can also be propagated by grafting, cuttings and layering.
1. Seed propagation
Seed collection and seed treatment should select individual plants with vigorous growth, strong resistance to diseases and insect pests, large fruit with small core, thick pulp, extremely sour taste, and high yield. Collect seeds from mother trees. Harvest ripe fruits in June and place them in a ventilated place indoors to allow them to fully ripen until the flesh rots. Take them out and wash them in running water in about 10 days to remove the rotten flesh. After the core is dried, it is soaked in human urine for half a month, taken out, rinsed and dried before sowing. Sowing and raising seedlings Sour plums should be sown in autumn, no later than January. First, make a sorghum border on a leveled seedbed, with a row spacing of 20 cm and a 7 cm deep trench, and then sow on demand with a plant spacing of 7 cm. Cover with fine soil after sowing. Keep the soil moist and seedlings will emerge in mid-April of the following year. After the above treatments, the germination rate of seeds can reach more than 90%.
When the seedlings are about 30 centimeters tall, topdress the roots once every 7 days. Use 250 grams of urea to 40 kilograms of water and spray it on the leaves with a sprayer to promote strong growth of the seedlings. Apply winter fertilizer again in late November, mainly farmyard manure, to promote the seedlings to grow strong and survive the winter safely.
2. Grafting propagation
The rootstock should be 1 to 2-year-old robust apricot, apricot or plum seedlings, or the peach rootstock of the current year. For the scions, select high-quality varieties that have already flowered and produced fruit, and pick the well-developed and plump vegetative branches of the sour plums of the current year. Use the "T" shaped budding method. The best time for bud grafting is July-August, on a cloudy day, and the grafting site should be 5 cm from the ground to the dry base of the rootstock. Smooth the small joints, make a crosswise cut, and then make a vertical cut from top to bottom, about 1.5 cm long. It should be untied in time within 15-20 days after the grafted buds survive. Generally, it does not germinate that year and only sprouts and leaves in the following spring. At this time, the rootstock should be cut off and the buds should be wiped off at any time. Begin topping when "small full", which can promote the growth of side buds and facilitate the formation of more new branches. Grafted seedlings can begin to flower in 1-2 years. Using grafted seedlings to plant sour plum blossoms will lead to early flowering and fruiting. An important way to achieve early harvest.
3. Propagation by cuttings
After flowering at the autumnal equinox or early spring, cut off one-year-old thick branches, 15-20 cm long. Each branch should have more than 2 nodes. Cut a horse-shaped bevel at the lower end near the axillary buds, etc., and soak it with indolebutyric acid or a high-efficiency plant rooting agent developed by the Citrus Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences for 5 to 10 minutes before inserting, which can promote the division of cambium cells. Accelerates hair roots. Then insert the seeds into the seedbed diagonally according to the spacing between rows of 10 cm x 20 cm. The depth of digging into the soil is 1/2-2/3 of the cuttings. Water after transplanting, and set up a shed to provide shade. Strictly prevent direct sunlight to avoid burns and excessive evaporation. Moisture management is the key to the survival of cuttings. Therefore, the seedbed should always be kept moist after the stems are inserted, but water accumulation should be prevented. Generally, the seedling rate can reach about 70%.
4. Layering
If it is a bush-like tree, layering can be used for propagation. Between February and March, select strong 1-2 year-old branches, dig a deep ditch next to the mother plant, climb down the branches, peel off half of the bark from the buried part, and fix it with a wooden fork. Put it in the soil, cover it with soil, cut off the mother body after taking root, and transplant it. If it is a tree, use high-altitude layering, that is, girdle the branches in a circle, mix them with broken hemp and soil, wrap the girdling area with bamboo tubes or plastic sheets, do not tie the upper end tightly, and sprinkle water frequently to keep it moist. After taking root, cut off the mother body and transplant it separately.
2. Planting and field management
1. Site selection and land preparation. It is advisable to choose hilly land with leeward direction and sunny side, and low mountainous land for planting. Completely plow once in autumn, and dig holes in winter with 110 plants/acre at a distance between rows of 2 meters x 3 meters. The holes are 70 cm wide and 60 cm deep. Apply 20 kilograms of decomposed manure to each hole and mix it thoroughly with the soil as base fertilizer. After the seedbed is leveled and raked, a 1.2-meter-wide sorghum bed is made.
2. Planting: When the seedlings are about 1 meter high, transplant them in early February after rain or tomorrow. When planting, cut off a small part of the main root of the seedling, put it into the planting hole, cover it with mature soil, and solidify it in layers. Water when the soil is filled to 80%, and then seal the soil until the hole is full.
3. Field management
① Intertillage and weeding. In the early stages of transplanting plum seedlings, the spaces between rows are large, and beans or Chinese medicinal materials can be interplanted. Combine intercropping with cultivating and weeding. Once in spring and autumn, cultivate the soil after cultivating. Generally, after a forest is established, there is no need for cultivating and weeding.
② Fertilization: Plum blossoms are resistant to infertility and should not be fertilized too much. Twice a year, the first time is after fruit picking in May-June, apply quick-acting fertilizer; the second time is after pruning in early November, apply overwintering fertilizer. The method should be to open a circular trench around the tree and apply it. You can also weed, fertilize and cultivate the soil. The fertilizer is mainly decomposed farmyard manure, combined with a small amount of phosphate fertilizer.
③Pruning and pruning: For saplings 2 to 3 years after transplanting, set the stem base at a distance of 60 to 80 cm from the ground in winter. After germination, select 3-4 strong and substantial branches and cultivate them into main branches. Keep a certain distance between the main branches, at an angle of about 50 degrees with the main trunk, extending outward. The next year, select 3 to 4 deputy main branches on the main branches, and cultivate side branches on the deputy main branches to make them the crown of the tree. , airy and light-transmitting natural open shape. From now on, pruning will be done twice a year, in mid-March and mid-November. Pruning is mainly thinning, supplemented by short cuts. Prune off diseased and insect-infested branches, dead branches, thin branches, as well as cross branches and leggy branches that disturb the shape of the tree.
If the main branch has strong growth potential, it can also be pruned lightly. Because plum blossoms bloom and bear fruit on one-year-old branches, when entering the fruiting period, it is advisable to perform a heavy pruning after picking the fruits to promote the formation of many strong, full and plump new fruit branches, laying the foundation for a high yield in the second year. After each pruning, additional fertilizer must be applied. This is a key measure to increase the production of sour plums.
④Topping: The sour plum blossom buds mostly differentiate in July. Therefore, when the new shoots grow to a certain length, topping is done at "Xiaoman" to promote the fullness of the new shoots, save nutrients, and facilitate the differentiation of flower buds.
Disease and Insect Control
1. Anthracnose damages the leaves, causing scorched black spots, which is common. In severe cases, the leaves will die. It usually occurs during the plum rainy season and continuous autumn rains from June to July.
Prevention and control methods:
① Clean the orchard and burn diseased branches and leaves in time to reduce overwintering pathogenic bacteria.
② In the early stage of the disease, spray 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times, or 50% thiophanate wettable powder 500 times, spray once a week, and spray 2-3 times more Second-rate.
2. Longhorn beetle damages tree trunks. The eggs are mostly laid in the cortex at the base of the main trunk or main branches. The larvae bore into the xylem and cause damage.
Control methods:
①Hang a black light to trap adult insects.
② From May to July, adult insects are manually captured and eggs are scraped off the cracks in the trunk;
③Inject drugs. First use a knife to remove the insect droppings and sawdust, then use a plastic spray bottle to inject 80% dichlorvos solution from top to bottom, and then seal it with mud to kill the beetle larvae.
3. Aphids
Damage young shoots and leaves. Severe cases often cause early defoliation, weaken the growth of the tree, and affect the formation of flower buds.
Prevention and control methods:
① Clean the fields, burn remaining leaves, and eliminate overwintering eggs.
② Spray 25% phosphorimido 1000 times solution in time. Avoid using dimethoate, which may cause early defoliation.
4. Cutworms damage seedlings and often bite off rhizomes or newly unearthed buds from the ground, causing broken seedlings and lack of seedlings.
Control methods:
① Clear weeds and eradicate overwintering sites.
② Manual capture. In the early morning, I inspected the seedling fields and found some seedlings that had been bitten off. I gently pushed aside the surrounding topsoil with my hands to capture the seedlings.
③Hang a black light to trap adult moths;
④Use 60 parts of brown sugar, 10 parts of wine, 100 parts of water, and add 1 part of 90% trichlorfon original drug to prepare a formula For poison bait, place a plate every 3-5 acres to trap and kill adult moths;
⑤ Mix a small amount of trichlorfon stock solution with fried wheat bran, add an appropriate amount of water, prepare poison bait, and sprinkle it on the seedling fields in the evening to trap and kill of insects.