Strategic significance of building a new first-tier city
First of all, the new first-tier cities with complete functions and facilities will help alleviate the urban pressure of the existing first-tier cities in the north, Guangzhou and Shenzhen; Secondly, first-tier cities have the advantage of concentrated resources in basic public services such as education and medical care, and the tertiary industry accounts for a relatively high proportion, creating more jobs. Defining the position and construction direction of new first-tier cities is conducive to attracting talents and capital; Finally, according to Yao Yudong-Guan Qingyou's trapezoidal urbanization theory, only by building a number of new first-tier cities and taking the "trapezoidal" urbanization road can we not only increase the upper limit of urbanization population capacity, meet the needs of China's urbanization development, but also prevent and control the property market bubble in the process of urbanization.
Secondly, building new first-tier cities will help to break the monopoly pattern of talents and resources in existing first-tier cities and promote balanced regional development through radiation effect. After the formation of new first-tier cities, they will become regional growth poles, break the competitive advantages of the existing four first-tier cities, and conform to the overall strategy of regional coordinated development of "four economic sectors+three supporting belts" formed after the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee. The development of metropolitan areas and urban agglomerations based on new first-tier cities will release huge demand, which is conducive to further stimulating consumption growth and adjusting economic structure. At the same time, it should be emphasized that building new first-tier cities is by no means giving up the development of second-,third-and fourth-tier cities, but giving play to the important core role of new first-tier cities in regional development, promoting the further development of second-,third-and fourth-tier cities and forming a more reasonable and efficient development pattern.
Moreover, building a new first-tier city can first help make up for the shortcomings. The construction of new first-tier cities will gather talents and resources, increase service supply, and let more people enjoy a higher level of public services. This also helps to reduce production capacity. In the short term, the construction and upgrading of infrastructure will increase the demand for upstream products and alleviate the situation of overcapacity to some extent. In the medium and long term, the release of economic vitality of new first-tier cities and the development of surrounding areas can expand the total demand and improve the capacity utilization rate of related products.
It is necessary to implement new real estate and social service policies in new first-tier cities, such as houses with property rights and the right to rent and sell, to ensure that more people live in new first-tier cities. This will not only stabilize the current housing prices in first-tier cities, but also promote the development of second-and third-tier cities, which is of great significance for building new first-tier cities.
The core idea of building a new first-tier city
To build a new first-tier city, it is necessary to innovate the existing relationship between the central and local governments. The central government will delegate more power to local governments and provide more preferential policies in attracting foreign investment, land system, price system and taxation.
First, the potential first-tier cities will be included in the separate plan, so that they have greater economic management authority, even higher than the cities with separate plans.
Second, based on economic, historical, natural and other factors, comprehensively consider the future development, rationally plan the development space of potential first-tier cities, and make necessary administrative division adjustments to reserve space for the development of first-tier cities.
Third, on the basis of the existing legislative field, expand the scope of legislative matters in urban and rural construction and management, environmental protection and historical and cultural protection of potential first-tier cities, and give them greater legislative power.
The fourth is to make institutional arrangements in household registration, education and medical care. And make timely adjustments to solve the worries of talents entering and attract talents to settle down for a long time.
Fifth, when building a new first-tier city, we should seize the important time window of the reform and development of China's pension industry and the gradual improvement of the pension system, and accelerate the cultivation and prosperity of the pension industry through the way of "government and social capital cooperation (PPP)" to meet the challenges and opportunities brought by the aging population.
Sixth, when planning transportation, logistics, energy, etc. Considering the growth space of the future demand of relevant cities, we will lay out in advance and tilt to the potential first-tier cities.
Seventh, under the premise of complying with the principle of financial supervision, we should moderately relax the supervision of the financial industry, vigorously develop private banks, encourage direct financing, and increase financial support for entity enterprises.
Eighth, under the guidance of the "1+N" document system of state-owned enterprise reform, accelerate the process of state-owned enterprise reform in potential first-tier cities and stimulate economic vitality.
Nine is to encourage innovation and increase support for innovation by taking a series of measures such as increasing financial support for innovation and giving tax incentives to innovation activities.
The implementation path of building a new first-tier city
The most important factors to consider in first-tier cities are quantitative economic, financial, demographic, innovation and housing price indicators and qualitative node indicators.
Economic indicators, there are three economic indicators to choose from: first, GDP, a large economy is a necessary condition to become a first-tier city. Second, per capita GDP. The higher the per capita GDP, the higher the material living standard that residents can enjoy. Third, the higher the proportion of the tertiary industry, the stronger the ability to absorb employment, and generally the more sustainable the economic development.
Judging from the GDP of 20 16, there are 1 2 cities with GDP exceeding1trillion. In addition to first-tier cities, Tianjin, Chongqing, Suzhou, Chengdu, Wuhan, Hangzhou, Nanjing and Qingdao are close behind. Judging from the per capita GDP data, Shenzhen, Suzhou, Guangzhou, Wuxi, Nanjing, Changsha, Hangzhou, Foshan, Tianjin, Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan, Qingdao, Ningbo and other cities have a relatively high level of development, which has exceeded the 6,543,800 mark. From the perspective of industrial structure, the tertiary industry in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Xi and Shenzhen accounts for more than 60%, and the service industry is relatively developed, with strong ability to absorb employment, followed by Jinan, Nanjing, Xiamen and Harbin.
For financial indicators, we choose the balance of local and foreign currency deposits of financial institutions to measure the wealth of cities, and the number of A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen to measure the activity of capital markets and the supporting role of finance in the real economy.
By the end of 20 16, the ten cities with the largest deposit balance were Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Chengdu, Chongqing, Tianjin, Nanjing and Suzhou. At the end of 20 16, 10, the top ten A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets were Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Hangzhou, Suzhou, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Nanjing, Ningbo and Wuhan respectively. The financial indicators of Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen are far ahead. In addition, Hang Cheng and Sioux City performed well, and the number of listed companies was second only to Besan Shenzhen Stock Exchange, with a total market value exceeding one trillion.
We choose the number of permanent residents and the net increase of permanent residents as population indicators. The size of the stock population determines the total demand of the city, and population agglomeration is one of the important characteristics of first-tier cities; The net growth reflects the attraction of the city.
Judging from the resident population of 20 16, the resident population of 10 city exceeds100000, and Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou and Shenzhen rank second, third, sixth and seventh respectively. Population agglomeration is one of the important features of first-tier cities. Chongqing has the largest resident population, reaching 30,484,300. The population of Chengdu and Tianjin are 1.596, 54.38+0.80 million and 1.562 and 1.20 million respectively, ranking fourth and fifth respectively. Shijiazhuang, Wuhan and Suzhou just exceeded 1 million. From the perspective of incremental population, among the first-tier cities of 20 16, Beijing and Shanghai have relatively strict population control, with little increase, while Guangzhou and Shenzhen are relatively open, with more than 500,000 permanent residents each. Among non-first-tier cities, Chengdu is the most livable city, with an increase of 654.38+0.26 million permanent residents. Non-first-tier cities such as Chongqing, Changsha, Hangzhou, Wuhan, Zhengzhou and Tianjin have begun to "grab people" in order to attract talents.
In particular, we choose the number of new patents as an index to measure the innovation ability of cities.
By ranking the number of new patents in 20 16, Beijing, Shenzhen, Shanghai and Guangzhou ranked 1, 2, 3 and 5 respectively, which is related to the strong attraction of resource agglomeration in first-tier cities to talents. Among non-first-tier cities, Suzhou reached 54,000, ranking fourth, which is related to the developed foreign capital economy; Chongqing, Chengdu, Xi, Tianjin and Hangzhou have outstanding innovation capabilities, with more than 30,000 new patents.
We choose the average transaction price and the ratio of house price to income of newly-built commercial housing as the price index. The average transaction price of new commercial housing is an indispensable index to measure the development level of a city, which reflects the competitiveness of a city. On the whole, there is a positive correlation between housing prices and the level of urban development, which gradually decreases among the first, second, third and fourth tier cities. The ratio of house price to income reflects the pressure of buying a house, which is the ratio of the total house price to the disposable income of the family. The total housing price is equal to the product of the average transaction price of newly-built commercial housing and the average living area of urban households. The per capita housing construction area is calculated according to 36.6 square meters published by the National Bureau of Statistics on 20 16. Household disposable income is equal to the product of per capita disposable income of urban residents and per capita population of urban families. The per capita population of urban families is calculated according to 3.02 people in 20 15 years announced by the National Health and Family Planning Commission.
In the first half of 20 17, the average transaction price of new commercial housing in Shenzhen ranked first with 54,606 yuan/square meter. Shanghai and Beijing are 47,623 yuan/m2 and 43,427 yuan/m2, respectively, ranking second and third. Xiamen is far ahead of non-first-tier cities with 3527 1 yuan /m2. Other cities that exceed 20,000 yuan/square meter include Zhuhai, Hangzhou, Nanjing and Suzhou. Guangzhou is the only first-tier city with an average price of 17 1 15 yuan/square meter. The high housing prices in most first-tier cities are related to the high level of economic development and the influx of talents under the concentration of resources. The ratio of house price to income is highly correlated with the ranking of average transaction price of new commercial housing. The top four are Shenzhen, Shanghai, Beijing and Xiamen, with the ratio of house price to income exceeding 20.
To sum up, Hangzhou, Tianjin, Nanjing, Suzhou, Chengdu, Wuhan and other cities are outstanding in the five quantitative indicators of economy, finance, population, innovation and housing prices, and have the potential to become first-tier cities.
Building a new front should be combined with the national regional development strategy
The promotion of the Belt and Road strategy will bring development opportunities to important node cities. In March of 20 15, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Commerce jointly issued "Vision and Action for Promoting the Construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt and Maritime Silk Road in 2 1 century", which identified important node cities. Silk Road Economic Belt: Xi, Lanzhou, Xining, Chongqing, Chengdu, Zhengzhou, Wuhan, Changsha, Nanchang and Hefu; 265438+20th Century Maritime Silk Road: Shanghai, Tianjin, Ningbo-Zhoushan, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhanjiang, Shantou, Qingdao, Yantai, Dalian, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Quanzhou, Haikou and Sanya.
The Yangtze River Economic Belt is also an important national strategy. On September 20 16, the development planning outline of the Yangtze River Economic Belt was officially released, covering Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Chongqing, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and other provinces and cities. According to the city level, it is divided into a first-class central city: Shanghai, and a second-class central city: Chongqing, Nanjing, Wuhan, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Nanchang, Chengdu, Wuxi, Ningbo, Changsha and Hefei.
As a national strategy, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration is committed to building the third largest growth pole and urban agglomeration. With the gradual clarification of the coordinated development plan of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the pattern of "two cores, three axes, one belt and three key points" has basically taken shape. "Two cores" refers to the Beijing-Tianjin dual core, "three axes" refers to the main axis of Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan and the expansion axis of Beijing-Tangshan-Qinhuangdao, and "Belt" refers to the coastal economic belt. The three key development areas include Zhongguancun, Tianjin Binhai New Area and Caofeidian Industrial Zone. Langfang, Baoding, Tangshan, Cangzhou, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang and other cities will benefit from it.
The popularity of high-speed rail lines and stations has enhanced the traffic accessibility and radiation effect of related cities. 2065438+In July 2006, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the Medium and Long-term Railway Network Planning, which clearly defined the construction of the "eight vertical and eight horizontal" high-speed railway main channel. Judging from the published "eight verticals and eight horizontals" which mainly pass through cities, Beijing and Shanghai can reach all other provinces and cities except Tibet, while the hub status of cities such as Hefu, Xi 'an, Zhengzhou, Chongqing, Changsha, Hangzhou, Fuzhou, Shenzhen and Nanchang has been improved.
Based on the comprehensive evaluation of the above quantitative indicators and node cities, we think that the cities with the foundation to become first-tier cities are Hangzhou, Tianjin, Nanjing, Suzhou, Chengdu and Wuhan, and Chongqing, Ningbo, Qingdao, Xiamen, Xi 'an, Wuxi, Changsha, Zhengzhou and Hefei are expected to become quasi-first-tier cities.
Come on, everyone, and strive to make your city a first-tier city!