Question 1: What are the new inorganic materials? There are so many!
For example:
Special glass (optical glass, mainly insulated glass and vacuum glass, energy-saving glass, fireproof and heat-resistant glass, safety glass, biological glass, liquid crystal display, solar energy Substrate, crystal glass, etc.) 2. Special glass for automobiles 3. Laser crystals, scintillation crystals, photoelectric functional crystals, artificial gemstones and other artificial crystals 4. Inorganic fibers 6. New refractory materials with high performance and corrosion resistance 5. Functional ceramics , new structural ceramics and other new ceramic materials and components (sensors, oxygen, nitrogen, boride ceramics, etc.) 6. Transparent ceramics, porous ceramics, key ceramic materials and devices for new energy sources 7. Bioceramic materials (artificial human body devices) 8. Nanomaterials and products 9. Sound absorption, wave absorption, heat insulation, and energy-saving materials for construction 10. Special cement, high-performance cement and various cement modification additives 11. New wall materials (including solid waste such as power plant fly ash , slag, steel slag to develop new wall materials) 12. Synthetic resin
Question 2: What are the new inorganic non-metallic materials? Traditional water-based glass ceramics, new ones such as optical fiber sensing, etc., inside ceramics There are also many emerging ones, such as bioceramics, aerospace ceramics, etc. I am studying this major.
Question 3: What materials do new inorganic non-metallic materials mainly refer to? What are the special properties? Types of new inorganic non-metallic materials
1. Insulation material: airgel felt.
2. Insulating materials:
(1) Alumina, beryllium oxide, talc, forsterite ceramics, quartz glass and glass-ceramics, etc.;
(2) Ferroelectric and piezoelectric materials, barium titanate series, lead zirconate titanate series materials, etc.
3. Magnetic materials:
(1) Manganese-zinc, nickel-zinc, manganese-magnesium, lithium-manganese and other ferrites, magnetic recording and magnetic bubble materials, etc.;
(2) Conductor ceramics, fast ion conductors of sodium, lithium, oxygen ions and silicon carbide;
(3) Semiconductor ceramics barium titanate, zinc oxide, tin oxide, Vanadium oxide, zirconium oxide and other oxide-based materials for filtering metal elements.
4. Optical materials: yttrium aluminum garnet laser materials, alumina, yttrium oxide transparent materials and quartz-based or multi-component glass optical fibers, etc.
5. High-temperature structural ceramics:
(1) High-temperature oxides, carbides, nitrides, borides and other refractory compounds superhard materials titanium carbide, artificial diamond and cubic nitrogen Boron, etc.;
(2) Artificial crystals lithium aluminate, lithium tantalate, gallium arsenide, fluorophlogopite, etc.
6. Bioceramics: feldspathic tooth materials, alumina, phosphate aggregates and enzyme carrier materials, etc.
7. Inorganic composite materials: ceramic-based, metal-based, and carbon-based composite materials.
Special functions of new inorganic non-metallic materials In addition to the advantages of traditional inorganic non-metallic materials, new inorganic non-metallic materials include: stable properties, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, etc. Depending on the type, There are also certain characteristics such as: high strength, electrical, optical properties and biological functions. The main special properties of new inorganic non-metallic materials are:
1. Each has its own characteristics. For example: the high-temperature anti-oxidation properties of high-temperature oxides; the high-frequency insulation properties of alumina and beryllium oxide ceramics; the magnetic properties of ferrite; the light transmission properties of optical fibers; the superhard properties of diamond and cubic boron nitride; The conductive properties of conductor materials; the quick-setting and quick-hardening properties of quick-hardening and early-strength cement, etc.
2. Various physical effects and microscopic phenomena. For example: the light-electricity of photosensitive materials, the heat-electricity of thermosensitive materials, the force-electricity of piezoelectric materials, the gas-electricity of gas-sensitive materials, the humidity-electricity of moisture-sensitive materials, etc. The function of materials on physical and chemical parameters Conversion properties.
3. Materials with different properties are combined to form composite materials. For example: cermets, high-temperature inorganic coatings, and materials reinforced with inorganic fibers, whiskers, etc.
Question 4: What are the new inorganic non-metallic materials learned in high school chemistry? Amorphous materials, artificial crystals, inorganic coatings, inorganic fibers (carbon fiber is also a new type of inorganic). So, like silicon nitride, oxidation Aluminum ceramics are new inorganic materials.
Glass fiber, carbon fiber, boron fiber, aramid fiber, silicon carbide fiber, asbestos fiber, whisker, metal wire and hard fine particles, etc.
Question 5: What is New inorganic non-metallic materials Optical fiber is an inorganic non-metallic material. There are many types. Some are new and some are not new. Optical fiber is the abbreviation of optical fiber. It is a fiber made of glass or plastic and can be used as a light transmission tool. . The transmission principle is 'total reflection of light'. Former presidents of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kao Kun and George A. Hockham, first proposed the idea that optical fibers could be used for communication transmission, for which Kao Kun won the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics. Basic introduction: Optical fiber The tiny optical fiber is encapsulated in a plastic sheath, allowing it to bend without breaking. Typically, a transmitting device at one end of the optical fiber uses a light-emitting diode (LED) or a laser beam to transmit light pulses to the optical fiber, and a receiving device at the other end of the optical fiber uses a photosensitive element to detect the pulses. In daily life, optical fibers are used for long-distance information transmission because the transmission loss of light in optical fibers is much lower than the loss of electricity in wires. Often the terms optical fiber and optical cable are confused. Most optical fibers must be covered by several layers of protective structures before use. The covered cable is called an optical cable. The protective layer and insulation layer on the outer layer of the optical fiber can prevent damage to the optical fiber from the surrounding environment, such as water, fire, electric shock, etc. Optical cables are divided into: optical fiber, buffer layer and coating. Fiber optic is similar to coaxial cable, except without the mesh shield. At the center is a glass core through which light travels. In multimode optical fibers, the core diameters are 50 μm and 62.5 μm, which are roughly the same thickness as a human hair. The diameter of the single-mode optical fiber core is 8μm~10μm. The core is surrounded by a glass envelope with a lower refractive index than the core to keep light within the core. On the outside is a thin plastic jacket to protect the envelope. Optical fibers are usually bundled into bundles and protected by a casing. The fiber core is usually a double-layer concentric cylinder with a small cross-sectional area made of quartz glass. It is brittle and easy to break, so it needs an external protective layer. Principle Types Folding Light and Its Characteristics Optical Fiber 1. Light is an electromagnetic wave. The visible light part has a wavelength range of: 390~760nm (nanometer). The part greater than 760nm is infrared light, and the part less than 390nm is ultraviolet light. There are three types of optical fibers used: 850nm, 1310nm, and 1550nm. 2. Refraction, reflection and total reflection of light. Because light propagates at different speeds in different materials, when light travels from one material to another, it will be refracted and reflected at the interface between the two materials. Furthermore, the angle at which light is refracted changes as the angle of incident light changes. When the angle of the incident light reaches or exceeds a certain angle, the refracted light will disappear and all the incident light will be reflected back. This is the total reflection of light. Different substances have different refractive angles for light of the same wavelength (that is, different substances have different refractive indexes), and the same substance also has different refractive angles for light of different wavelengths. Optical fiber communication is based on the above principles. 1. Optical fiber structure: Bare optical fiber is generally divided into three layers: a central high-refractive index glass core (the core diameter is generally 50 or 62.5 μm), a middle low-refractive index silica glass cladding (the diameter is generally 125 μm), and the outermost Reinforced resin coating. 2. Fiber numerical aperture: Not all the light incident on the fiber end face can be transmitted by the fiber, only the incident light within a certain angle range can. This angle is called the numerical aperture of the optical fiber. A larger numerical aperture of the optical fiber is beneficial to the docking of optical fibers. Optical fibers produced by different manufacturers have different numerical apertures (AT&TCORNING). 3. Types of optical fibers: There are many types of optical fibers, and the required functions and performances vary according to different uses. However, for optical fibers used in cable TV and communications, their design and manufacturing principles are basically the same, such as: ① small loss; ② certain bandwidth and small dispersion; ③ easy wiring; ④ easy to integrate; ⑤ high reliability; ⑥ manufacturing comparison Simple; ⑦ cheap, etc. The classification of optical fibers is mainly summarized from the working wavelength, refractive index distribution, transmission mode, raw materials and manufacturing methods. Examples of various classifications are as follows.
(1) Working wavelength: UV fiber, observable fiber, near-infrared fiber, infrared fiber (0.85μm, 1.3μm, 1.55μm). (2) Refractive index distribution: step (SI) type fiber, near-step type fiber, gradient (GI) type fiber, others (such as triangular type, W type, concave type, etc.). (3) Transmission mode: single-mode fiber (including polarization-maintaining fiber, non-polarization-maintaining fiber), multi-mode fiber. (4) Raw materials: quartz optical fiber, multi-component glass optical fiber, plastic optical fiber, composite optical fiber (such as plastic cladding, liquid core, etc.), infrared materials, etc. According to the coating material, it can also be divided into inorganic... >>
Question 6: What are the new inorganic non-metallic materials? Classification of inorganic non-metallic materials; New inorganic non-metallic materials and traditional inorganic non-metallic materials Section New inorganic non-metallic materials
There are many kinds of materials, and they can be classified:
1. Classification and characteristics of materials:
1. Materials can be divided into: Inorganic non-metallic materials Traditional inorganic non-metallic materials such as: cement, glass, ceramics
New inorganic non-metallic materials such as: high-temperature structural ceramics, optical fibers
Metallic materials Such as: Fe, Cu, Al, alloys, etc.
Polymer materials such as: polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride
Characteristics of new inorganic non-metallic materials; ① Withstand high temperatures and have high strength. ②Has optical properties. ③Has electrical properties. ④Have biological functions.
There are many new inorganic non-metallic materials, here are a few: piezoelectric materials; magnetic materials; conductor ceramics; laser materials, optical fibers; superhard materials (boron nitride); high-temperature structural ceramics; bioceramics (Artificial bones, artificial blood vessels), etc.