Why do leaves come in so many colors?

The color of leaves is related to the pigments in the leaves. Not just chlorophyll (chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B), but also lutein, carotene, anthocyanins, and more. The content of various pigments in leaves will be affected by environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and light. So the leaves will have different colors in different seasons and growth stages.

There is also the pigment in the vacuoles in the mesophyll cells. The color of the leaves of non-green plants is determined by the pigment in the vacuoles, such as the fiery red maple leaves