How long is the longest sea-crossing bridge in the world?
Qingdao Bay Bridge (42.5km)
Qingdao Bay Bridge, also known as Jiaozhou Bay Cross-sea Bridge, is a super-large cross-sea bridge designed, built and constructed by China. It is the starting point of G22 Qinglan Expressway, the national expressway network, and it is Shandong Province. Five vertical, four horizontal and one ring? The part of the highway network framework is the cross-sea passage on the east and west sides of Jiaozhou Bay planned by Qingdao. A road, a bridge, a tunnel? Are you online? A bridge? . The bridge starts from Haier Road in the main city of Qingdao and goes to Huangdao via Hongdao. The total length of the bridge is 36.48 kilometers, and the investment is nearly 654.38+0 billion, which took four years to complete. The bridge was opened to traffic on June 30th, 20 1 1.
Qingdao Bay Bridge starts from the entrance of Yangjiaqun, Heilongjiang Road, the main city of Qingdao in the east, crosses Jiaozhou Bay and reaches Hongshiya, Huangdao in the west. The total length of the route (Phase I) is 28.047km (Phase II12km). The length of offshore section is 25. 17 1 km, Qingdao side wiring is 749 m, Huangdao side wiring is 827 m, and Hongdao tie line is1.3km.. The estimated investment of the project is 9.04 billion yuan. Quanwan Bridge Project includes Cangkou, Hongdao and Daguhe Waterway Bridges, non-navigable bridges and road approach bridges at sea, connecting projects on both sides of Huangdao and Hongdao connecting lines, Licunhe Interchange, Hongdao Interchange, three main toll stations and management facilities in Qingdao, Hongdao and Huangdao.
20 1 0 65438+On February 22nd, the main bridge of Qingdao Bay Bridge was completed and officially opened to traffic on June 30th, 201year.
The total planned investment of Qingdao Bay Bridge Project is 9.082 billion yuan, and the project is implemented by franchising. According to the Company Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), the self-owned funds of the project are 365,438+billion yuan, accounting for 35% of the capital, all of which are exclusively contributed by Shandong Expressway Group Co., Ltd.
Qingdao Bay Bridge Project is invested and operated by Shandong Expressway, and tied with Jiaozhou Bay Expressway. This project is the largest transportation infrastructure project invested by a single state-owned enterprise in China at present, and it is the first super-large bridge cluster project in the frozen sea area in northern China. Together with the approach bridge and connecting line, the overall scale is the largest bridge in the world.
The operation period of Qingdao Bay Bridge Project is 25 years. At the end of the operation period, all the ownership and management rights of the project will be handed over to Qingdao Municipal Government. During the operation period of the project, it is estimated that the traffic volume of the Bay Bridge will be 30,849 vehicles/day in 2065, 438+00 vehicles/day, 4,565,438 vehicles/day in 2065, 438+036 vehicles/day in 2020 and 77,795 vehicles/day in 2029. The payback period of investment is 15 years (from the franchise year).
Planning programming
Qingdao Bay Bridge (North Bridge) was designed by China Communications Highway Planning and Design Institute, and no foreign experts were invited. Build? This plan. Over the past 50 years, CCCC Highway Planning and Design Institute has completed more than 0/00 bridges, including more than 50 extra-large bridges across the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and the Gulf, and gained a good reputation in the industry.
Meng Fanchao, vice president of China Communications Highway Planning and Design Institute, personally led the team of project designers to the bridge engineering survey project department to check the core samples of representative boreholes and listen to the geological introduction of the whole bridge site. The designer said that for the bridge foundation design that has not been baked yet, the opinions of survey experts should be listened to in the design of pile type and pile length.
Daguhe tongdao bridge
The main tower of Daguhe Waterway Bridge is a single tower with a tower height of 149 m, which is the tallest tower on the Bay Bridge. After the completion of the waterway bridge, the main tower will become the main symbol of the Dagu River waterway bridge, and the Dagu River waterway bridge will also become the landmark building of the Bay Bridge. The construction project of steel box girder of Daguhe Waterway Bridge is undertaken by CCCC Second Public Bureau, which is a difficult and key control project of Qingdao Bay Bridge. The construction organization is difficult, there are many technical bottlenecks, and the construction safety risk is high. After three expert meetings, combined with the actual situation, the installation order of steel box girder was finally determined. First, the Qingdao side steel box girder was hoisted from the main tower in turn, and then the Huangdao side steel box girder was hoisted from the main tower in turn.
Daguhe Waterway Bridge is one of the three major navigable bridges of the Bay Bridge, and it is also the key and key control sign project of the whole bridge. Adopted by the Channel Bridge? Bilateral steel box girder+transverse connecting box? The structure is composed of 55 steel box beams of 22 kinds assembled and welded. Each standard beam is12m in length, 47m in width and 3.6m in height, in which the weight of the largest beam section exceeds1000t, which is used for the first time in domestic sea-crossing bridges. Among them, the main tower column adopts the domestic advanced hydraulic self-climbing formwork construction technology, and adopts the first-class concrete pumping scheme of high-pressure concrete pump to pour concrete for the tower column, which will become a landmark building in our city after completion.
Hongdao maritime junction
Hongdao Sea Interchange is the first sea interchange in China. The 60-meter slip-form casting box girder across the main line is located on ramp B, and the construction design technology of 350-meter small radius and 60-meter long-span curved surface slip-form is the best in China. At the same time, the Hongdao Interchange Bridge of the Bay Bridge also adopted the arc slip-form casting box girder with the largest span and the smallest radius in China. The pouring work lasted 15 hour, and 520.54 cubic meters of concrete was poured. The bridge deck is the section with the highest distance from the water surface, the largest curvature and the most difficult construction, which represents the most advanced level of offshore bridge construction in China. Because of the difficulty of offshore construction, the Bay Bridge Construction Command specially designed the mobile slipform, which is also the first in the world and has won many patents.
Jiaozhoulianjie line
Qingdao Bay Bridge was originally designed with three ports: Huangdao, Licang and Hongdao. Jiaozhou put forward a plan to build the Jiaozhou connecting line of the Bay Bridge, which was affirmed and supported by the Qingdao Municipal Government. Jiaozhou connecting line adopts Hongdao interchange style. A Y-shaped interchange will be built on the west side of Daguhe Waterway Bridge of Bay Bridge, connecting new industrial district in Jiaozhou Bay to the west, with a length of about 2,630 meters, of which the bridge is 2,600 meters long and the subgrade is 300 meters long and 23.5 meters wide.
The connecting line is two-way and four lanes. According to the urban first-class roads, basic earthquake intensity and fortification standard VI, the design flood frequency is once every 300 years. The ramp is 5.3 kilometers long, with two lanes in one direction and a width of 10 meter, all of which are bridge structures. The project cost is estimated to be 764 million yuan. After JIAOZHOU wiring project is completed, it is located in? Protection and development around the bay? Jiaozhou, on the inner ring floor, will be shortened to 23 km 15 minutes from the main city of Qingdao, and will be fully integrated into Qingdao? Half an hour economic circle? .
Urban wiring
The urban wiring project of the Bay Bridge continues the bridge deck width of the Bay Bridge, and the design adopts two-way eight lanes. The wiring project is also the first eight-lane urban expressway in Qingdao. The urban wiring project of Qingdao Bay Bridge is designed by the Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute with advanced design concept, which can not only effectively improve the overall road capacity, but also add an 8000-meter landscape Shinkansen to Qingdao after completion.
The urban wiring project of Bay Bridge is the main relief road of Qingdao Bay Bridge. As early as 2006, the city made a serious study on the wiring project. The first phase of the project starts from Qingdao Bay Bridge, along Licun River and Zhang Cun River, and ends at Haier Road, with a total length of 7.6 kilometers. The urban wiring project extends along the north bank of Licun River to Zhang Cun River. While ensuring the standard of expressway, avoid repeated crossing along the river and reduce the influence of pier on river flood discharge. The wiring project of the Bay Bridge passes through Licang, Sifang, Shibei and Laoshan as an island city. Three vertical and four horizontal? What is important in the expressway network? Horizontal? , will carry the function of traffic artery.
Urban wiring exchange
In the bridge wiring project, the planning and design unit designed four overpasses along * * * *, namely Liu Si Road Overpass, Chongqing Road Overpass, Heilongjiang Road Overpass and Haier Road Overpass. The designer said that the choice of overpass fully considered the functional orientation of the intersection road. On the basis of traffic analysis, different overpass forms are adopted for different traffic nodes.
Liusi Road Interchange is designed as a two-story semi-rhombic interchange. On the basis of making full use of the present situation of Shengli Bridge, it crosses Zhengzhou Road and Liusizhong Branch Road, ensuring the smooth flow of the two main lines in a straight line direction.
Chongqing Road Interchange is located at the intersection of two expressways. The design adopts a five-story omni-directional interchange hub interchange, and the two main lines are connected by directional ramps, which fully ensures the overall traffic function of the interchange.
The interchange distance between Heilongjiang Road and Haier Road is about 1.7 km. The design of interchange nodes is combined with the existing interchange from Haier Road to Wannianquan Road on the north side to realize complementary functions and reduce the interchange height.
Important influence
After the completion of the Bay Bridge, the communication between Jinan and Qingdao in the province will be closer and more convenient. In the past, vehicles had to bypass the Jiaozhou Bay Expressway and go to Huangdao along the south line of Qing Ji Expressway. Since the northern starting point of Qing Ji South Line is connected with the Bay Bridge under construction, after the completion of the bridge, vehicles can go directly to Qingdao along Qing Ji South Line and Bay Bridge. The bridge will further promote the traffic links between Qingdao and the cities in the peninsula urban agglomeration, which is of great significance to give play to Qingdao's leading position in the economic development of Shandong Province, further accelerate the construction of the Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration and promote the tourism development of Jiaodong Peninsula.
For Qingdao, is it a bay bridge or a city? Protection and development around the bay? An important transportation hub in the strategy. After the completion of the bridge, the traffic pressure of Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay Expressway will be greatly relieved, the east-west cross-sea traffic connection of Qingdao will be further improved, the urban skeleton of Qingdao will be expanded, the time and space distance between Qingdao and Hongdao and Huangdao will be shortened, the connection between the main urban area and the two wing sub-urban areas will be strengthened, and the great Qingdao urban framework embracing Jiaozhou Bay will be shaped, opening up a new space for the in-depth development of Qingdao.
The total length of the expressway around Jiaozhou Bay is about 70 kilometers. The construction of the bridge project will conveniently connect Qingdao, Hong and Huang islands, shortening the land distance from Qingdao to Huangdao by nearly 30 kilometers. If the speed is 80 kilometers per hour, taking the bridge will save 20 minutes compared with taking the expressway! The bridge has two lanes and six lanes, with a design speed of 80 kilometers per hour.
Regarding the wind-resistant and fog-proof design of the bridge, experts said that the wind-resistant performance is excellent and it was designed to resist the once-in-a-century gale. And sea fog interference is inevitable, and there are highways? Keep up? When it is foggy, the whole line should be closed. According to meteorological statistics, the bridge is closed for about 20-30 days every year, and it is closed for about 80 days in strong wind, heavy rain and fog.
traffic
Between Qingdao and Huangdao, Jiaozhou Bay Cross-sea Tunnel and Jiaozhou Bay Bridge have been connected with the expressway around Jiaozhou Bay by ferry until they are completed and opened to traffic. Ferry is limited by transportation capacity and climatic conditions, and can only pass more than a thousand vans every day; The design standard of the expressway around Jiaozhou Bay is 25,000 standard cars/day, but the traffic volume has soared year by year after opening to traffic. At present, the peak traffic volume of standard sections has reached 460,000! The construction of this project will connect Qingdao, Hong Kong and Huangdao conveniently, which will not only shorten the land distance from Qingdao to Huangdao by 30 kilometers, but also ease the traffic pressure. At the same time, the bridge built on Hongdao can also take into account the traffic on Hongdao.
At the mouth of Licun River in the old city, the bridge connects Chongqing Road and National Highway 308 in the form of urban expressway, which directly introduces the traffic flow from the city to the outside of the city into the expressway, reducing the traffic flow collected and evacuated by multiple entrances and exits of Jiaozhou Bay Expressway in all directions in the city, effectively reducing the traffic congestion in the external communication part of the old city and improving the traffic situation in the city.
After the completion of Qingdao Bay Bridge, the business volume of Qianwan Port, Huangdao Oil Port and Xuejiadao Port can be effectively increased, so that the old port of Qingdao, the oil port and Qianwan Port can be integrated, the cooperation among the three ports can be strengthened, and the overall benefits of the ports can be better brought into play, especially the problem of land collection and transportation capacity of Qingdao Port.
industry
According to the industrial layout, the spatial scope of the east coast area centered on the old city is narrow, and there is almost no room for urban space to expand eastward. As the port moves westward, it is imperative for the economic center to move westward. What will be the construction of Qingdao Bay Bridge? Green? Red? Yellow? The organic connection of the three islands has greatly promoted our city? Three-point layout, first-line development, group development? Implement the urban development strategy.
travel
In the website of Langyatai Scenic Area, have you already released it? After the completion of the Bay Bridge? 30 minutes to downtown? The sign is up. It is understood that the surrounding area is waiting for the Bay Bridge like Langyatai? Affordable? There are many scenic spots. After the completion of the project, it will not only release the development space of tourism and tertiary industry in the east, but also connect the contiguous seaside resort in the old city with the provincial-level tourist resort of Xuejiadao in Huangdao District, which will greatly promote the development of Qingdao's tourism and form Qingdao's tourist destination. Encirclement? .
Meet/suit the convenience of the local community
Are you online? Qingdao? In the online community, netizens have been talking about Qingdao Bay Bridge. One of the senior netizens left a message. Huangdao Development Zone and Qingdao are separated by Jiaozhou Bay. Green and yellow don't pick up? Therefore, the construction of the cross-sea bridge has become a lingering complex in Qingdao for many years. Natural disasters have become a thoroughfare, and time waits for no one. ?
The customs declaration place of export goods is in Huangdao over there, and most trading companies are in Qingdao city. When an enterprise declares taxes, it can only be paid by the customs broker. Obviously, this has brought inconvenience to their operation and financing. A private entrepreneur said,? Looking forward to this bridge, I can't wait to see it. ?
The latest news
The JIAOZHOU connecting line of the cross-sea bridge has not been built since it was approved by the environmental assessment five years ago, because JIAOZHOU is newly built around it.
The construction of the Gulf National Marine Park and the connecting line shall be approved by the marine administrative department and the protected area management department according to the regulations.
A few days ago, the website of Qingdao Environmental Protection Bureau released the second public announcement of supplementary environmental impact analysis of JIAOZHOU connecting line project of Qingdao cross-sea bridge. According to the public notice, Qingdao plans to build the JIAOZHOU connecting line of the sea-crossing bridge, starting from Haibin Road of JIAOZHOU Bay Industrial Base and connecting it with the sea-crossing bridge through JIAOZHOU Interchange to the south.
According to the construction drawing design provided by the current construction unit, the main project includes Jiaozhou connecting line and Jiaozhou interchange ramp. The starting point of the connecting line is 1 toll station (with a scale of 4 entrances and 7 exits), and the ending point is Jiaozhou interchange crossing the sea-crossing bridge, including two ramps A and B. The total length of Jiaozhou connecting line is 2.8 kilometers, of which the subgrade length is 667 meters and the bridge length is 2. 16 kilometers. The bridge is designed with two-way and four lanes, with a design speed of 60km/h and a bridge (subgrade) width of18.5m. Jiaozhou interchange ramp is designed with two-way and two lanes, with a design speed of 60km/h and a bridge width of10m.
According to the supplementary analysis report of environmental impact, the proposed project has completed the related work of marine environmental impact assessment, sea area use demonstration and environmental impact assessment according to the requirements of 20 10, and belongs to the approved and unbuilt project. Due to the change of relevant policies, the introduction of new plans, and the addition of Jiaozhou Bay National Marine Park, a sensitive protection target, the construction unit shall obtain the consent of the competent marine department and the management department of protected areas in accordance with relevant requirements before carrying out the next work.