Since ancient times, nature has been the source of various scientific and technological principles and major inventions of mankind. There are a wide variety of animals, plants and substances in the biological world. In the long process of evolution, they have gradually acquired the ability to adapt to changes in nature in order to survive and develop. Human beings live in nature and are "neighbors" with the surrounding creatures. The various strange abilities of these creatures attract people to imagine and imitate. Human beings used their observation, thinking and design abilities to imitate living things, and through creative labor, they created simple tools and enhanced their ability and ability to fight against nature.
The first tools used by humans - wooden sticks and stone axes, are undoubtedly the use of natural wooden sticks and natural stones; the use of bone needles is undoubtedly an imitation of fish bones... The creation and lifestyle of all these tools None of the choices can be said to be imagined out of thin air by humans. They can only be said to be direct simulations of substances existing in nature and certain composition methods. They are the primary stage of human creation and can also be said to be the origin and prototype of bionic design. Although they It is relatively rough and superficial, but it is the basis for our development today.
In our country, there have long been examples of imitating creatures. According to legend, more than 3,000 years ago, our ancestors imitated birds and built nests in trees to protect themselves from predators; more than 4,000 years ago, our ancestors "saw a flying puffer and knew it as a car", that is, Seeing the flying grass spinning in the wind, he invented the wheel and made a car with wheels. The construction of the mountain gate in front of the main hall in ancient temples looks a bit like an elephant's posture in terms of its architectural structure. The pillars are round and thick, as if they are like the legs of an elephant.
The hard-working and brave working people in ancient my country have long had various wonderful fantasies about the gorgeous sky and soaring eagles. According to historical records from the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Chinese people invented kites more than 2,000 years ago and used them for military communication. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Lu Ban, a craftsman from the State of Lu, whose real name was Gongshu Ban, first began to develop a flying wooden bird; and he was inspired by a toothed grass blade that could scratch the skin and invented the saw. According to "Du Yang Zabian", there was a Han Zhihe in the Tang Dynasty who was "good at carving wood in the shape of luan, crane, crow, and magpie. The movement and stillness of drinking and pecking were indistinguishable from the real thing. He kept the violence in his belly and released it. The flying clouds can reach a height of three feet to one or two hundred steps before descending. "During the Western Han Dynasty, some people used bird feathers to make wings and flew down from high platforms in an attempt to imitate the flight of birds. The above examples are enough to show that the working people in ancient my country conducted detailed observations and research on the flapping and flight of birds. This was also one of the earliest bionic design activities. The "Shenhuo Flying Crow", a rocket weapon invented in the Ming Dynasty, also reflects people's desire to learn from birds.
The working people of ancient my country were also very effective in imitating aquatic animals - fish. By imitating the fish living in the water, the ancients cut down wood and chiseled boats, made fish-shaped hulls out of wood, and made double oars and single oars after imitating the pectoral fins and tail fins of the fish, thus gaining the freedom of water transportation. Later, as the production level improved, the dragon boats that appeared were somewhat influenced by the shapes of many animals. The rocket weapon "Fire Dragon Out of Water" used in ancient water battles somewhat imitates animals. The above examples illustrate that the early bionic design activities of the working people in ancient my country created extraordinary achievements in developing my country's glorious ancient civilization.
The history of foreign civilizations has generally gone through a similar process. In ancient Greek mythology, which contains rich production knowledge, someone used feathers and wax to make wings and escaped from the labyrinth; and Tyre invented the saw. Legend has it that this was inspired by the shape of the fish's back bone and the snake's palate bone. came out. In the fifteenth century, the German astronomer Miller built an iron fly and a mechanical eagle and performed flight demonstrations.
Around 1800, Kelly, a British scientist and one of the founders of aerodynamics, imitated the spindle shapes of trout and woodcock and found a streamlined structure with low resistance. Kelly also designed a wing curve that imitated bird wings, which played a great role in promoting the birth of aviation technology. During the same period, the French physiologist Maret conducted careful research on bird flight. In his book "Animal Machines", he introduced the relationship between the weight of birds and the area of ??their wings. The German Helmholtz also discovered from studying flying animals that the weight of flying animals is proportional to the cube of the body's linearity. Helmholtz's research pointed out the limitations of the body size of flying objects.
Through detailed research and careful imitation of bird flight organs, and based on the principles of bird flight mechanisms, people finally created a glider capable of manned flight.
Later, the designer designed the cantilever of the excavator based on the body of the crane. During World War I, people got inspiration from the wild boars that survived the poison gas war and designed a gas-proof anti-virus model based on the nose of the wild boar. mask. What principles do submarines use to float and sink flexibly in the ocean? Although we have no evidence to investigate whether submarine designers consulted the biological world when designing submarines, it is not difficult to imagine that designers must understand that the swim bladder is an important organ used by fish to change the proportion of water in the body so that it can float in the water. Frogs are amphibians. Sports workers have carefully studied the movements of frogs in the water and summarized a set of swimming movements that are both labor-saving and fast - breaststroke. In addition, the webs made for divers are almost completely made in the shape of the frog's hind limbs, which greatly improves the diver's ability to move in the water.
2. The history of bionic design
Since ancient times, nature has been the source of various human scientific and technological principles and major inventions. There are a wide variety of animals, plants and substances in the biological world. In the long process of evolution, they have gradually acquired the ability to adapt to changes in nature in order to survive and develop. Human beings live in nature and are "neighbors" with the surrounding creatures. The various strange abilities of these creatures attract people to imagine and imitate. Human beings used their observation, thinking and design abilities to imitate living things, and through creative labor, they created simple tools and enhanced their ability and ability to fight against nature.
The first tools used by humans - wooden sticks and stone axes, are undoubtedly natural sticks and natural stones; the use of bone needles is undoubtedly an imitation of fish bones... The creation and lifestyle of all these tools None of the choices can be said to be imagined out of thin air by humans. They can only be said to be direct simulations of substances existing in nature and certain forms of composition. They are the primary stage of human creation and can also be said to be the origin and prototype of bionic design. Although they It is relatively rough and superficial, but it is the basis for our development today.
In our country, there have long been examples of imitating creatures. According to legend, more than 3,000 years ago, our ancestors imitated birds and built nests in trees to protect themselves from predators; more than 4,000 years ago, our ancestors "saw a flying puffer and knew it as a car", that is, Seeing the flying grass spinning in the wind, he invented the wheel and made a car with wheels. The construction of the mountain gate in front of the main hall in ancient temples looks a bit like an elephant's posture in terms of its architectural structure. The pillars are round and thick, as if they are like the legs of an elephant.
The hard-working and brave working people in ancient my country have long had various wonderful fantasies about the gorgeous sky and soaring eagles. According to historical records from the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Chinese people invented kites more than 2,000 years ago and used them for military communication. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Lu Ban, a craftsman from the State of Lu, whose real name was Gongshu Ban, first began to develop a flying wooden bird; and he was inspired by a toothed grass blade that could scratch the skin and invented the saw. According to "Du Yang Zabian", there was a Han Zhihe in the Tang Dynasty who was "good at carving wood in the shape of luan, crane, crow, and magpie. The movement and stillness of drinking and pecking were indistinguishable from the real thing. He kept the violence in his belly and released it. The flying clouds can reach a height of three feet to one or two hundred steps before descending. "During the Western Han Dynasty, some people used bird feathers to make wings and flew down from high platforms in an attempt to imitate the flight of birds. The above examples are enough to show that the working people in ancient my country conducted detailed observations and research on the flapping and flight of birds. This was also one of the earliest bionic design activities. The "Shenhuo Flying Crow", a rocket weapon invented in the Ming Dynasty, also reflects people's desire to learn from birds.
The working people of ancient my country were also very effective in imitating aquatic animals - fish. By imitating the fish living in the water, the ancients cut down wood and chiseled boats, made fish-shaped hulls out of wood, and made double oars and single oars after imitating the pectoral fins and tail fins of the fish, thus gaining the freedom of water transportation. Later, as the production level improved, the dragon boats that appeared were somewhat influenced by the shapes of many animals. The rocket weapon "Fire Dragon Out of Water" used in ancient water battles somewhat imitates animals. The above examples illustrate that the early bionic design activities of the working people in ancient my country created extraordinary achievements in developing my country's glorious ancient civilization.
The history of foreign civilizations has generally gone through a similar process.
In ancient Greek mythology, which contains rich production knowledge, someone used feathers and wax to make wings and escaped from the labyrinth; and Tyre invented the saw. Legend has it that this was inspired by the shape of the fish's back bone and the snake's palate bone. came out. In the fifteenth century, the German astronomer Miller built an iron fly and a mechanical eagle and performed flight demonstrations.
Around 1800, Kelly, a British scientist and one of the founders of aerodynamics, imitated the spindle shapes of trout and woodcock and found a streamlined structure with low resistance. Kelly also designed a wing curve that imitated bird wings, which played a great role in promoting the birth of aviation technology. During the same period, the French physiologist Maret conducted careful research on bird flight. In his book "Animal Machines", he introduced the relationship between the weight of birds and the area of ??their wings. The German Helmholtz also discovered from studying flying animals that the weight of flying animals is proportional to the cube of the body's linearity. Helmholtz's research pointed out the limitations of the body size of flying objects. Through detailed research and careful imitation of bird flight organs, and based on the principles of bird flight mechanisms, people finally created a glider capable of manned flight.
Later, the designer designed the cantilever of the excavator based on the body of the crane. During World War I, people got inspiration from the wild boars that survived the poison gas war and designed a gas-proof anti-virus model based on the nose of the wild boar. mask. What principles do submarines use to float and sink flexibly in the ocean? Although we have no evidence to investigate whether submarine designers consulted the biological world when designing submarines, it is not difficult to imagine that designers must understand that the swim bladder is an important organ used by fish to change the proportion of water in the body so that it can float in the water. Frogs are amphibians. Sports workers have carefully studied the movements of frogs in the water and summarized a set of swimming movements that are both labor-saving and fast - breaststroke. In addition, the webs made for divers are almost completely made in the shape of the frog's hind limbs, which greatly improves the diver's ability to move in the water.
3. The development of bionic design
In modern times, the development of biology, electronics, dynamics and other disciplines has also promoted the development of bionic design. Take the creation of airplanes as an example:
After countless attempts to imitate the flight of birds, people finally found the reason why birds can fly through unremitting efforts: the wings of birds are bent and flat. When flying, the airflow above is faster than the airflow below, so the pressure below is greater than the pressure above, so the wings produce vertical upward lift. The faster you fly, the greater the lift.
In 1852, the Frenchman Giffard invented the balloon spacecraft; in 1870, the German Otto Lilienthal built the first glider. Lilienthal was a fearless adventurous man at the end of the 19th century. He watched the storks in his hometown of Pomerania flying over his roof with clumsy wings, and he firmly believed that humans could fly. In 1891, he began to develop a curved-ribbed bat-wing monoplane glider, and also conducted test flights himself. In the following five years, he conducted more than 2,000 gliding flights and conducted comparative studies with birds, providing a lot of information. Valuable information. The data proves that the distance traveled by the airflow through the upper curved surface of the wing is longer than the distance traveled by the airflow through the flat surface under the wing, so it is also faster. Only in this way can the airflow be ensured to converge at the trailing edge point of the wing; The faster it gets, the thinner it becomes, creating a powerful suction force that accounts for about two-thirds of the wing's lift; the rest of the lift comes from the pressure of the underwing airflow on the wing.
At the end of the 19th century, the emergence of the internal combustion engine gave mankind what it had always dreamed of: wings. Needless to say, these wings were clumsy, primitive, and unreliable, yet they were the wings that enabled humans to fly with the wind and the birds.
The Wright brothers invented the real airplane. During the design and production process of the aircraft, they have been troubled by how to make the aircraft turn and how to make it stable. To this end, the Wright brothers studied the flight of birds. For example, they studied how the turtle makes one wing fall and maintains balance by turning the falling wing; how the increased pressure on the wing keeps the turtle stable and balanced. The two men performed these experiments by equipping their glider with wingtip ailerons, which were controlled by someone on the ground using ropes to turn or bend the glider. Their second successful experiment was to control the direction of the aircraft by manipulating a rotatable rudder at the rear of the aircraft, using the rudder to turn the aircraft left or right.
Later, with the continuous development of aircraft, they gradually lost their original bulky and ugly shapes, and they became simpler and more practical. Both the fuselage and single-curved wings exhibit natural lines like those of seashells, fish, and wave-washed stones. Aircraft efficiency has increased, flying faster and higher than before. In modern times, with the rapid development of science, environmental destruction, ecological imbalance, and energy depletion, humans have realized a high sense of urgency to re-understand nature and explore a more harmonious way of living with nature. They also recognize the importance of bionic design to the future development of mankind. . Especially in the autumn of 1960, the first bionics symposium was held in Ohio, USA, which became the official birth date of bionics.
Since then, bionic technology has achieved rapid development and has been widely used. Bionic design has also developed rapidly, and a large number of bionic design works have emerged, such as intelligent robots, radars, sonar, artificial organs, automatic controllers, automatic navigators, etc.
In modern times, scientists have developed electronic frog eyes based on the special structure of frog eyes, which are used to monitor the takeoff and landing of aircraft and track artificial satellites; high-speed trains designed in the shape of a duck's head based on aerodynamic principles; imitating a certain Electronic fish lures that lure fish with the sounds that some fish like; through research on the luminescence principles of fireflies and sea flies, new methods of converting chemical energy into light energy were obtained, thus developing chemical fluorescent lamps and so on.
At present, bionic design not only imitates the geometric dimensions and appearance of living organisms, but also studies the structure, function, energy conversion, information transmission and other excellent characteristics of biological systems, and applies it to into technical systems, improve existing engineering equipment, and create new processes, automation devices, special technical components and other technical systems; at the same time, bionic design provides principles and designs for the creation of new scientific and technological equipment, building structures and new processes. Thoughts or planning blueprints also provide a new direction for the development of modern design, and serve as a "link" to communicate information between human society and nature.
The exploration of the human brain can predict that future electronic computers may have functions based on biological principles. Compared with it, today's electronic computers can only be used as abacus.
Research on plant photosynthesis will provide a new way of medical development to extend human life and treat diseases.
Research on the structure and form of living organisms may change the appearance of future buildings and products. Let people return to "nature" from the artificial physical environment of "city".
The albatross is a seabird that has an organ to desalinize seawater - a "desalinator". Research on the structure and working principle of its "desalinator" can inspire people to improve old or create new desalination devices.
Termites can convert the wood they eat into fat and protein. Research on its mechanism will inspire the artificial synthesis of these substances.
At the same time, bionic design can also have a huge impact on human life and health. For example, people can use bionic technology to design and manufacture artificial organs, such as blood vessels, kidneys, periosteum, joints, esophagus, trachea, urethra, heart, liver, blood, uterus, lungs, pancreas, eyes, ears, and artificial cells. Experts predict that in the middle and late part of this century, all human organs except the brain can be replaced with artificial organs. For example, liquid hydrocarbon artificial blood that simulates the function of blood can produce and deliver nutrients and waste, and can automatically combine and separate with oxygen and carbon dioxide; simulates kidney function and uses porous fiber antireflection membranes to make blood filters, which can also It is an artificial kidney; it simulates the liver and uses activated carbon or ion exchange resin to adsorb and filter toxic substances to make an artificial liver detoxifier; it simulates heart function and uses blood and one-way conduction drive to form an artificial heart automatic circulator.
With the development and understanding of the universe, mankind will not only understand new forms of life in the universe, but also provide mankind with new designs and create new devices unprecedented on the earth... < /p>
Characteristics and research content of bionic design
Bionic design is an edge discipline that is a combination of bionics and design. Its research scope is very wide. The content is rich and colorful, especially because bionics and design involve many disciplines of natural science and social science, so it is difficult to divide the research content of bionic design. Here, we classify them based on the different applications of the simulated biological systems in design.
To sum up, the research contents of bionic design mainly include:
1. Morphological bionic design studies living organisms (including animals, plants, microorganisms, and humans) and natural material existence (such as the sun, moon, (wind, clouds, mountains, rivers, thunder, lightning, etc.) external forms and their symbolic meanings, as well as how to apply and design them through corresponding artistic processing techniques.
2. Functional bionic design mainly studies the functional principles of living organisms and natural substances, and uses these principles to improve existing or build new technical systems to promote the upgrading of products or the development of new products. .
3. Visual bionic design studies the recognition of images by the visual organs of organisms, the analysis and processing of visual signals, and the corresponding visual processes; it is widely used in product design, visual communication design and environment Under design.
4. Structural bionic design mainly studies the application of internal structural principles of organisms and natural substances in design, and is applicable to product design and architectural design. The most studied are the stems and leaves of plants and the structures of animal bodies, muscles, and bones.
Judging from the development of bionic design at home and abroad, morphological bionic design and functional bionic design are the focus of current research. In this article, some aspects of morphological bionics and functional bionics design will also be highlighted.
As an emerging interdisciplinary subject, bionic design has some characteristics of design and bionics, but it is different from these two disciplines. Specifically, bionic design has the following characteristics:
1. Artistic and scientific
Bionic design is a branch and supplement of modern design. Like other design disciplines, bionic design also has their unique characteristic - artistry. Since bionic design is based on certain design principles and based on certain bionic theories and research results, it is very rigorous and scientific.
2. Commercial
Bionic design serves design and consumers. At the same time, excellent bionic design works can also stimulate consumption, guide consumption, and create consumption.
3. Infinite reversibility
Bionic design works based on bionic design theory can find the prototype of the design in nature. During the design, production and sales process of the work, The various problems encountered can promote the research and development of bionic design. The research objects of bionics are infinite, and the research objects of bionic design are also infinite. Similarly, the prototypes of bionic design are also infinite. As long as we study nature with concentration, we will never run out of talents.
4. Comprehensive subject knowledge
To be familiar with and apply bionic design, you must have certain knowledge of mathematics, biology, electronics, physics, cybernetics, information theory, and human science. Basic knowledge of mechanics, psychology, materials science, mechanics, dynamics, engineering, economics, color science, aesthetics, communication, ethics and other related disciplines.
5. The interdisciplinary nature of disciplines
To study and understand bionic design in depth, we must not only understand the basic knowledge of biology and social sciences, but also the basic knowledge of design. It is necessary to have a clear understanding of the current research results of bionics. It is a new type of interdisciplinary subject arising from the intersection of several disciplines.
5. Research methods of bionic design
The research method of bionic design is mainly "model analysis method":
1. Create biological models and technologies Model
First select the research object from nature, then build various physical models or virtual models based on this object, use various technical means (including materials, processes, computers, etc.) to study them and make Quantitative mathematical basis; through qualitative and quantitative analysis of organisms and models, transform the form and structure of organisms into abstract functions that can be utilized in the technical field, and consider using different materials and processes to create new forms and structure.
① Study the structure and form of living organisms based on function - create biological models.
Find the biological principles of the research object, and form a perceptual understanding of the organism through the perception of the organism. Starting from the function, we study the structural form of living things. Based on perceptual knowledge, we remove irrelevant factors and simplify them to propose a biological model. Conduct qualitative analysis against biological prototypes and use models to simulate biological structural principles.
The purpose is to study the structural principles of the organism itself.
② Starting from the structural form and achieving abstract functions - manufacturing technology model
Based on the analysis of living organisms, make quantitative mathematical basis and use various technical means (including materials , processes, etc.) to create technical models that can be experimented on products. Firmly grasp the scale of quantity and abstract functional principles from concrete forms and structures. The purpose is to research and develop the technical model itself.
2. Feasibility analysis and research
After establishing the models, start various feasibility analysis and research on them:
① Functional analysis
Find the biological principles of the research object, and form a perceptual understanding of the organism through the perception of the organism. Starting from the function, a qualitative analysis is conducted against the biological prototype.
② External morphological analysis
The external morphological analysis of an organism can be abstract or concrete. In this process, the key considerations are issues such as ergonomics, meaning, materials and processing technology.
③ Color analysis
While analyzing color, it is also necessary to analyze the living environment of organisms. It is necessary to study why it is this color? What function does this color serve in this context?
④ Internal structure analysis
Study the structural form of living things. On the basis of perceptual understanding, remove irrelevant factors and simplify them. Through analysis, find out which ones are worthy of reference in design. A place of shared use.
⑤ Analysis of movement rules
Use existing high-tech means to study the movement rules of living organisms, find out the principles of their movements, and solve problems in design projects in a targeted manner. question.
Of course, we can also conduct various feasibility analyzes on other aspects of organisms.
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-- Author: Wen Gai
-- Release time: 2004-9-15 7:41:15
-- Bionic scrubbing detonates a new revolution in washing machines
Bionic is synonymous with high technology , it refers to the use of cutting-edge science and technology to imitate the various sensory sensations and thinking judgment functions of living things, so as to serve the population more effectively. Countries are sparing no effort to increase research in bionics. It can be said that the level of bionics research is one of the important indicators of a country’s comprehensive national strength. The "Bionic Scrubbing" fully automatic washing machine developed by Royalstar Group was recently launched on the market, applying bionic technology to the field of washing machines, which has had a revolutionary impact.
It is understood that this kind of washing machine first has a neural intelligence network function, which can imitate human judgment ability and determine the washing program, washing time and water level based on the weight, texture and degree of dirt of the clothes. high and low to achieve the best washing condition. Secondly, it has the function of a washboard. The scrubbing rod in the washing machine can rub back and forth as you like like your hands. This rubbing is controlled within 300 degrees, which can ensure that the clothes are washed clean and prevent the clothes from getting tangled. Third, it eliminates the noise caused by the rotation of mechanical connecting rods, cranks, gears and other components contained in the mechanical transmission device of traditional washing machines. It is directly driven by a DC permanent magnet brushless motor to effectively prevent the generation of noise.
The DC permanent magnet brushless motor can save 50% of electricity.
The DC permanent magnet brushless motor can realize stepless speed regulation under the control of the electronic driver and can accurately adjust the speed. Control the number and angle of each rotation of the scrubbing rod. Therefore, different washing programs can be set for different clothing textures and soiling levels, effectively imitating the speed and intensity of manual scrubbing and realizing "bionic" scrubbing. In addition, using a DC permanent magnet motor saves 50% more energy than using an AC motor.
Electronic braking technology minimizes noise
Consumers who own washing machines are troubled by loud noises. When they replace their washing machines, they always hope to have a noise-free one. washing machine. The "bionic scrubbing" washing machine can exactly meet this requirement.
This is mainly because the "Bionic Scrubbing" washing machine uses an electronic engine to achieve electronic braking. When braking, the motor itself quickly decelerates, thereby avoiding the noise and vibration generated when other washing machines use mechanical friction braking, achieving Silent operation.
The scrubbing rod ensures that no debris is produced during the washing process
Consumers with experience in using washing machines know that there is a filter on the top of the washing barrel of the washing machine to filter the clothes during washing. debris generated. But the "bionic scrubbing" washing machine does not have such a filter. Why? Industry experts explain that this is because the internal structure of the "bionic scrub" washing machine is fundamentally different from that of pulsator and drum washing machines. The driving engine used in the "Bionic Scrubbing" washing machine is an upright scrubbing rod, which can transfer kinetic energy from the center to the surroundings. When the washing machine is started, the scrubbing rod drives the clothes along the barrel wall at an angle of no more than 300 degrees, which effectively avoids the entanglement of the clothes due to continuous rotation and the debris generated by friction with the barrel wall. The washing is clean, tangle-free and Frictionless and certainly no need for a filter. The back and forth motion of the clothes along the barrel wall is very similar to the back and forth motion of the clothes on the washboard, and can achieve the effect of hand washing. This is how the "bionic scrubbing" washing machine got its name.
(Selected from "Boutique Shopping Guide")
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-- Author: Dead Vine Old Tree
-- Release time: 2004-9-20 17:56:29
-- Discussion Biomimetic Manufacturing
Shi Hanmin
Abstract illustrates the similarities between manufacturing processes and life phenomena: ordering based on self-organizing mechanisms, individual replication based on information models, and through High degree of adaptability resulting from the process of evolution. Discuss the basic connotation of bionic manufacturing and point out the main contents that modern manufacturing science should learn from life phenomena and life sciences. They include perfect information technology, gene-controlled growth processing and forming methods, organic materials with superior performance, Wonderful biological intelligence, efficient optimization and optimization methods, as well as advanced organizational structure and operation mode. Suggestions are put forward on strengthening the alliance between disciplines and promoting research on bionic manufacturing technology.
Keywords manufacturing science, life science, bionic manufacturing
Chinese Library and Information Classification Code No. TB17
Click to browse the document
-- -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------
-- Author: victoria
-- Release Time: 2004-9-22 11:31:35
-- Structural components
For components, when the cross-sectional areas are the same, place the materials as far away from each other as possible The position of the axis is the effective cross-sectional shape. Interestingly, this conclusion is also reflected in the tissues of many animals and plants in nature. For example: "Blast Zhijin Grass", the stems of many plants that can withstand strong winds are vascular structures, and their cross-sections are hollow. The bones that support weight-bearing and movement have dense bones distributed around the cross-section, while soft marrow fills the inner cavity. Hollow floor slabs, box-shaped girders, I-shaped cross-section sheet beams, folded plate structures, and spatial thin-walled structures that are often used in building structures are all derived from this conclusion.
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-- Author: victoria < /p>
-- Release time: 2004-9-22 11:32:15
-- Zebra
Zebras live on the African continent, and their appearance is different from ordinary horses. No matter what, the stripes on their bodies are protective colors evolved to adapt to their living environment. Of all the zebras, the Lesbian zebra is the largest and most beautiful.
Its shoulder height is 140-160 cm, its ears are round and large, and its stripes are dense and numerous. Zebras often stay close to wildebeests, elands, gazelles and ostriches on the grasslands to defend themselves against natural enemies. The application of zebra stripes to the military is a very successful example of bionics.
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-- Author: victoria < /p>
-- Release time: 2004-9-22 11:33:14
--
Hongcun is located 11 kilometers north of Yixian County and 65 kilometers away from Tunxi kilometer. Hongcun was built during the Shaoxi period of the Southern Song Dynasty and has a history of more than 800 years. The people of Guhongcun took the initiative to pioneer "bionics" and planned and built a cow-shaped village and artificial water system that are "unique in China". Looking at the whole village, the Leigang at the west end stands tall and towering, like " The two towering trees at the entrance of the village are like "ox horns"; the four bridges across the Jiyang River in front and back are like "cow legs"; hundreds of ancient buildings from the Ming and Qing Dynasties are lined up in the village