Recently, more and more people pay attention to the development of chips independently developed by China. What steps are needed to forge a China "core"?
Integrated circuit is the intelligent core of diversified application of science and technology. Lu Chaoqun, chairman of Taiwan Province Semiconductor Industry Association in China and chairman of Yu Chuang Science and Technology, believes that behind these application revolutions are integrated circuits with more powerful functions, smaller size and lower power consumption, such as real-time video streaming, VR/AR, unmanned aerial vehicles, 3D printing, smart cars and smart homes.
The leading enterprise of global biometric chip is technology; The leader of domestic memory chips is; The leading enterprises of embedded processor chips in China are: the leading semiconductor discrete device in China is science and technology.
Among them, ADC chip is the most typical one, and China can't produce substitute products at present. ADC chip is an analog-to-digital conversion chip, which is responsible for converting the continuous analog signals received by the antenna into digital signals for calling or surfing the Internet. At present, ADC is mainly supplied by Yardino, Texas Instruments and other companies.
It is said that integrated circuits are even higher than aerospace.
Import cost of semiconductor chips
Fu: Domestic security chip supplier, involving artificial intelligence algorithms, has become a qualified and stable supplier of Hikvision.
Taking the business of operators as an example, communication base station equipment is one of its most important products. A communication base station has hundreds of chips to realize different functions. "Simply put, the base station transmits and recovers the signal. After the signal is restored, chip filtering is needed to stabilize the signal. Then there is a chip to amplify this particularly small signal; Then use the chip for analysis and processing; Then the chip is responsible for transmission and distribution. The core of the base station is similar to a computer, which can realize various functions, but it can support multiple mobile phones, so it is faster and the chip is more complicated. " The above-mentioned person said.
In 20 17, China's import of integrated circuits reached 377 billion pieces, up10/%year-on-year; The import value was US$ 260 1 billion (about 1 756 1 billion yuan), up by 14.6% year-on-year. In 20 17, China's import of goods was 12.46 trillion yuan, which means that the import of integrated circuits accounted for 14. 1% of China's total import, while China's total import of crude oil was only about15 billion US dollars. China spends almost twice as much on importing semiconductor chips as crude oil.
There are hundreds of chips
There are two kinds of materials: plastic and ceramic. In most cases, plastic QFJ is called PLCC (see PLCC), which is used in microcomputer, gate display, DRAM, ASSP, OTP and other circuits. The number of pins ranges from 18 to 84. Ceramic QFJ is also called CLCC and JLCC (see CLCC). The package with window is used for ultraviolet erasing EPROM and microcomputer chip circuit with EPROM. The number of pins ranges from 32 to 84. 46. QFN (Siping non-lead package)
Make a chip
survey
Chip refers to a silicon chip containing an integrated circuit, which is very small and usually a part of a computer or other electronic equipment. Chipset is a series of interrelated chip combinations. The two depend on each other and can play more roles when combined. Such as central processing unit (CPU) in computer, radio frequency and baseband in mobile phone and analog-to-digital converter (ADC) in communication base station. Is a larger integrated circuit composed of multiple chips. Integrated circuits are very precise instruments, and the unit is nanometer. A nanometer is one thousandth of a millimeter. This has very strict and high standard requirements for design and manufacturing technology.
According to the report of Prospective Research Institute, at present, global chips are still mainly manufactured by American, Japanese and European companies, and the high-end market is almost monopolized by these three major regions. In the field of high-end chips, because domestic manufacturers have not yet formed scale effect and cluster effect, their production is still dominated by "OEM" mode.
China IC A-share market listed companies According to the data from the big database of China Commercial Industry Research Institute, there are 23 IC listed companies in China A-share market. In the first three quarters of 2065438+2007, the main business income of China IC industry reached 64.265 billion yuan and its net profit was 2.029 billion yuan. There are five enterprises whose main business income exceeds 4 billion yuan, among which science and technology rank first. 2065438+In the first three quarters of 2007, the main business income was168.6 million yuan, and the net profit reached1650,000 yuan. Ranked second, the main business income in the first three quarters of 20 17 was162.53 million yuan, and the net profit loss was 507 million yuan; Ranked third in the industry, with main business income of 8.304 billion yuan and net profit of 297 million yuan; The fourth place is science and technology. In the first three quarters of 20 17, the main business income was 5.324 billion yuan and the net profit was 388 million yuan. The fifth place is micro-power. In the first three quarters, the main business income was 4.852 billion yuan and the net profit was 65.438+0.25 billion yuan. 1. Jiangsu Science and Technology Co., Ltd. Jiangsu Science and Technology Co., Ltd. is a company mainly engaged in the research, development, production and sales of semiconductors, electronic components and special electronic and electrical devices, as well as selling its own electromechanical products and complete sets of equipment. The company is a semiconductor packaging production base in China, a well-known domestic triode manufacturer, a leading integrated circuit packaging and testing enterprise, and a national key high-tech enterprise. The data shows that from 2065438+02 to 2065438+06, science and technology grew in fluctuation, with a compound annual growth rate of 44% and rapid growth. In the first three quarters of 20 17, the main business of science and technology was1686 billion yuan, up 26.9% year-on-year, and the net profit was1650,000 yuan, up 76.6% year-on-year.
There are dozens of categories of chips.
Urge sb. to give an interview
Thousands of sub-categories
In terms of software, EDA simulation software is another typical example. Using this software, electronic designers can design chip systems on the computer, and a lot of work can be done by the computer, and the combination experiments of various products can be realized. If there is no EDA simulation software, it needs manual design and testing, and the cost of manpower and time is countless. At present, there are more than a dozen EDA softwares that have entered our country and have a wide influence, mostly from the United States.
Almost monopolized by the United States, Japan and Europe
condition
Maybe not everyone knows about integrated circuits, but many people have heard of Moore's Law. Moore's Law means that the number of components that can be accommodated in an integrated circuit will double and the performance will double every 18 months when the price remains unchanged. Half a century ago, Moore, one of the founders of Intel, put forward this speculation, which has lasted for more than 50 years.
Layout design of integrated circuits refers to the three-dimensional configuration of more than two active components and some or all interconnection lines in integrated circuits, or the three-dimensional configuration prepared for manufacturing integrated circuits.
According to the public information of the General Administration of Customs, since 20 15, the import value of integrated circuits has exceeded that of crude oil for three consecutive years, and the annual import difference between them exceeds 95 billion US dollars. Among them, in 20 17 years, China's integrated circuit imports reached 377 billion pieces, up10/%year-on-year; The import value was US$ 260 1 billion (about 1 756 1 billion yuan), up by 14.6% year-on-year. In 20 17, China's import of goods was 12.46 trillion yuan, which means that the import of integrated circuits accounted for 14. 1% of China's total import, while China's total import of crude oil was only about15 billion US dollars. China spends almost twice as much on importing semiconductor chips as crude oil.
An integrated circuit is a micro electronic device or component. Using a certain process, the components and wiring needed in the circuit are connected together, made on a small piece or several pieces of semiconductor wafer or dielectric substrate, and then packaged in a package to form a microstructure with the required circuit function; All components form a whole in structure, which makes electronic components take a big step towards miniaturization, low power consumption and high reliability. Its English (integratedcircuit) is represented by the letter "IC". Integrated circuit technology includes chip manufacturing technology and design technology, which is mainly reflected in the ability of processing equipment, processing technology, packaging testing, mass production and design innovation.
concentrate
Need 5000 processes
There are many kinds of chips. Gu, chief analyst of Core Research, told the Beijing Youth Daily reporter: "From the perspective of product types, there are dozens of categories and thousands of subcategories of chips; Not to mention if it involves equipment flow. The United States is in a leading position overall and comprehensively, but we have only made breakthroughs in some areas, which are not core and high-end areas. For example, China has almost no memory, CPU, FPG, high-end analog chips and power chips. If China works hard on research and development, it may make a breakthrough in some essays. "
First of all, the red part can be compared to the lobby on the first floor of a tall building. The lobby on the first floor is the entrance of a house, and all the entrances and exits come from here. Under the control of traffic, there are usually more functions. Therefore, compared with other floors, the construction will be more complicated and require more steps. In ic circuit, this Hall is the logic gate layer and the most important part of the whole IC. By combining various logic gates together, a fully functional ic chip is completed.
An expert in the field of chip manufacturing told Beiqing Daily that the manufacturing process of a chip is very complicated, and a production line involves about 50 industries and 2000-5000 processes. Take the foundry for example, the "sand" should be purified into silicon first, then cut into wafers, and then processed. The wafer processing plant includes two processes. The first process is divided into several modules-lithography, thin film, etching, cleaning and implantation. The latter process is mainly packaging-interconnection, wiring and sealing. Among them, lithography is the link between manufacturing and design.
Science and technology: the company's continuous high R&D investment can not only ensure the high gross profit margin of the existing product technology iteration, but also accelerate the launch of the company's research products in the probe station, realize import substitution and further improve the company's product structure. In addition, the company's shareholder National Integrated Circuit Industry Fund has abundant industrial resources, which will play an important role in enriching the company's customer resources and enhancing the company's industrial integration ability.
Many of these processes are carried out in independent factories, and the equipment used also needs to be manufactured by special equipment factories; The materials used include hundreds of special gases, liquids and targets, all of which require special chemical industry. In addition, the production of integrated circuits is carried out in a clean room, so exhaust and air purification systems are needed.
Moore's law reveals the development speed of integrated circuits. In such high-speed innovation and development, integrated circuit products continue to reduce costs, improve performance and increase functions. It is also in this high-speed development that the gap of integrated circuit technology among countries is getting bigger and bigger. According to insiders, if China wants to catch up with the top companies in major integrated circuits, it needs not only time, but an upgrade of the whole system.
It is said that integrated circuits are more advanced than aerospace. The insider said that this statement is not unreasonable. "The reliability estimation of aerospace is like four 9s and five 9s (X9s refers to the ratio of normal use time to total time of a software system in the course of one year's use). Now the purity of silicon wafer material is more than 69%. "
Since 2004, the group began to make steady profits, and the 8-inch production line realized independent operation. Nowadays, the business has gradually developed into chip manufacturing, integrated circuit integration and application services, and electronic component trade. The technology of its production line has developed from 0.35 micron to 28 nm, and the number of invention patent applications has reached 654.38+0 million.