# internship report # Introduction Through internships in accounting firms, we gradually understand the survival dilemma of accounting firms in the fierce industry competition. In the case of numerous firms, on the one hand, the firm must create profits, and on the other hand, it must ensure the quality of audit reports. When there is a conflict between the two, the firm will often use a compromise method to deal with it. I have compiled "Three 3,000-word Internship Summary at an Accounting Firm" compiled for you. I hope it will be helpful to you!
Part 1
1. Purpose of Internship
Internship is an experience that every student must have. It enables us to understand society in practice and allows us to learn I learned a lot of knowledge that I couldn't learn in the classroom, and it also opened my horizons, increased my knowledge, and laid a solid foundation for us to further move into society in the future. Accounting refers to calculating, recording, and collecting relevant data about specific things, and processing them into useful financial information for user decision-making. As an applied discipline and an important economic management work, accounting is an important means to strengthen economic management and improve economic efficiency. Economic management cannot be separated from accounting. The more the economy develops, the more important accounting work becomes. The more important it is.
Accounting plays an important role in improving the economy and the management of enterprises. Its development motivation comes from two aspects: first, changes in the social and economic environment; second, changes in the information needs of accounting information users . The former is the more fundamental driving force, which determines the demand for the quantity and quality of accounting information. Since the middle of this century, the information technology revolution represented by computer technology has had a profound impact on the development of human society. The information age has become an appropriate portrayal of the era we live in.
In this era of advancing with the times, both the socio-economic environment and the information needs of information users are undergoing profound changes. Accounting is experiencing unprecedented changes. This change is mainly reflected in two aspects: First, accounting technical means and methods are constantly updated. Accounting computerization has replaced or is replacing manual accounting, and when enterprises establish intranets, real-time Reporting is possible. Second, the scope of accounting application continues to expand. Changes in accounting stem from changes in the manufacturing environment of enterprises and innovations in management theories and methods, and the latter two are caused by changes in the external environment. To learn accounting work well, you must not only learn the accounting knowledge in books, but also seriously and actively participate in various accounting internship opportunities, so that theory and practice can be organically combined. Only in this way can you become a high-quality accounting professional.
I think that for our major, choosing an accounting firm for internship will have better results. Because firstly, the accounts of many small businesses are too simple; secondly, the financial departments of some large companies are too divided, making it difficult to be exposed to comprehensive business during a short internship period, while firms can be exposed to a variety of businesses. , Accounting in different industries, the harvest is greater. To this end, according to the study plan, as a finance major, I was fortunate to participate in a nearly two-month professional internship at Liaoning Zhonghui Asset Appraisal Co., Ltd. in the twelfth lunar month of 20xx.
II. Introduction to the internship unit
Liaoning Zhonghui Asset Appraisal Co., Ltd. is affiliated to Dalian Zhonghui Accounting Firm Co., Ltd. It is located at 82 Huanghe Street, Xigang District, Dalian City, Liaoning Province No. 1-10-3. "When the sky is strong, a gentleman will strive for self-improvement; when the terrain is strong, a gentleman will be virtuous." This is dragon culture, the essence of Chinese national culture and national spirit, and this is also the corporate culture and spirit we recommend. Adhere to professional ethics, provide customers with high-quality and efficient services, ensure customer satisfaction, and enhance market competitiveness. Since its establishment, the company has always adhered to technology as the guide, coupled with strict quality inspection and perfect management system. Relying on strategic international's global professional technology and operational experience. Accounting firm.
3. Internship content
1. Understanding the environment
When I first arrived at the office, I felt quite nervous facing such an unfamiliar environment, so I went everywhere Pay attention.
But the enthusiasm and friendliness of our colleagues in the office made us feel warm. Because the unfamiliarity was eliminated, we began to regard the office as a part of our lives and enjoyed going to work. In the beginning, we were all doing some relatively complicated work (for us), and there were often things we didn’t know how to do, so we often had to ask others to continue. At the beginning, we were really afraid of annoying others, but later we asked too many questions. Only then did I realize that this is also a more effective way of working, which is much faster than doing research alone. For example, once, a colleague asked us to copy a report. We didn’t know how to copy it, so we felt that we had learned so little in school. Later, with the help of our colleagues, we finally learned how to copy, print, and then documents and forms. In less than a week, I consolidated the basic computer knowledge that took half a year to teach in school, and mastered it skillfully. In the next two weeks, we mainly learned how to handle accounts, and also issued the company's financial reports, capital verification reports, annual inspections, etc. In our free time, we also followed the director to the unit to do audit work. During that period, we felt that we Life is so fulfilling.
2. Business familiarity
The main business of accounting firms is to provide auditing, capital verification and accounting consulting services to various types of enterprises. CPAs with signature authority are the main force in auditing and capital verification business, and there are usually two assistants to cooperate with them. Smaller companies with relatively simple accounts will generally get their annual accounting books, vouchers, statements and other related materials to be audited by an accounting firm, while larger companies with more complex accounts will generally be audited by registered accountants in the firm. Accountants come to businesses to conduct audits.
3. File management
Accounting firms have a large number of files, and most of them need to be saved for a long time. Many of them need to be read and viewed at any time. This has a great impact on the files. Management and preservation puts forward higher requirements. The director of the office led our four intern students to do some file sorting work. We rearranged the files of the past two or three years neatly and explained them according to serial numbers. During this period, a lot of physical labor was performed. Carrying bundles of heavy files gave us college students who are about to graduate a new exercise. In addition, the teacher also taught us how to bind documents step by step. Several people practiced together, from sorting, punching, threading to the final pasting and numbering. Finally, we were able to organize the scattered report manuscripts into complete report documents and lay them out side by side. tidy. It is these seemingly simple and casual tasks that we students in school cannot do well without training, and these tasks are also the most basic in future careers. During this period, we also had the opportunity to see a large number of first-hand written materials such as audit reports, capital verification reports, working papers, etc., which allowed us to truly feel the specific work of the firm. The thick files are the testimony of these works.
4. Participate in some audit work of the company
After reviewing the working papers and corporate accounting vouchers two days before the internship, the office began to arrange for us to assist the accountants in performing some audit work. Sometimes I conduct audits in the firm, and sometimes I follow the director to conduct audits in companies. In the process of participating in the audit, we were exposed to a large number of different types of corporate account books, vouchers, and statements, which enabled us to combine accounting knowledge with corporate accounting practices and complete our knowledge structure. The accounts of many companies are all kinds of, far from the comprehensive and satisfactory accounts learned in textbooks. Only when I came into contact with accounting practice did I realize that there is such a big gap between books and actual operations. However, I have become more confident in my professional knowledge, which is enough to handle the accounts of many small and medium-sized enterprises.
When we go out to do audit work, we must bring the audit work papers, audit agreement (in duplicate), management statement, account schedule, subject test form, calculator, pencil case and other related materials and Tools are ready, and a laptop is also a must. Most enterprises and institutions now use computers for accounting, and not all information is printed out. Besides, copying the materials on the computer and taking them back also makes it easier for us to write audit reports.
Moreover, some clients also require us to issue an audit report on the spot, so we must work in the audit unit for several days until the work is completed.
Audit working papers are the track of audit work recorded by auditors. Audit evidence is the original information provided by the audited unit, such as original vouchers, contracts, etc. Therefore, the audit evidence required for each audit process is different. For example, regarding cash on hand, we checked the cash journal and the general ledger to obtain a monetary fund approval form, randomly checked large amounts of income and expenditure to obtain a monetary fund income and expenditure inspection table, and adopted alternative tests for other receivables, and attached a copy of the accounting voucher afterwards. . Capital reserves are crucial to an enterprise and are often prone to problems. Therefore, capital reserve approval forms, accounting vouchers for additional investment funds, receipts and accounting vouchers, and electronic remittances are needed. The supplementary declaration form for transfer (collection) payment must also be accompanied by copies of some licenses.
In the process of reading the audit working papers, we can only understand the evidence required for a certain procedure from a superficial level and know that there is an interrelated relationship between them. But if we were asked to decide what evidence should be examined in a certain procedure, we would not know where to start. This requires a clear understanding of auditing standards and the accumulation of practical work experience.
IV. Internship experience
After more than two months of internship, I have gained a lot and have a lot of feelings. It allows us to understand society in practice, and allows us to learn a lot of knowledge that we cannot learn in class. It also opens up our horizons and gains insights, laying a solid foundation for us to further move into society in the future. At the same time, the internship is an attempt for us to apply the theoretical knowledge we have learned in practice.
First of all, as the saying goes, "What you learn on paper is shallow, but you must practice it if you know it." During the internship, I deeply felt the superficiality of the knowledge I learned and the practical application of it. Despite the lack of professional knowledge, I also deeply feel the importance of solid basic professional skills, realize the importance of continuous updating of knowledge and continuous flexible application, and realize the necessity of forming and accumulating specific operational skills at work. I also realized the importance of properly handling the relationship between people and the relationship with superior departments, leaders, colleagues and subordinate departments when entering society.
Secondly, the value of an internship depends on your own enthusiasm. In a completely unfamiliar environment, there are too many things that you are unable to grasp. For example, can you meet a teaching colleague who takes the initiative to teach you and lets you do business, and then points out your mistakes to help you improve. It is rare to meet such a teaching colleague. Under normal circumstances, the seniors only care about their own work and ask you to do some basic business. If you do a good job, they will correct the mistakes themselves when they see them. I will go out of my way to point it out to you. The solution at this time is to seize the opportunity to ask questions when you encounter doubtful questions, and grasp what you can grasp to make the internship more valuable.
Again, internship is not only an opportunity to improve hands-on skills, but also an opportunity to practice communication skills. Maintaining a good relationship with other teaching colleagues can help you get to know the company's situation as quickly as possible and get help in time when you encounter difficulties. I am very happy that we have managed to get along well with the company's seniors and interns, which made us feel happy and gained unexpected gains during the internship.
Finally, through constant digging and questioning, we gradually learned about the survival dilemma of domestic accounting firms in the fierce industry competition. In the case of numerous firms, on the one hand, the firm must create profits, and on the other hand, it must ensure the quality of audit reports. When there is a conflict between the two, especially a sharp conflict that affects the survival and development of the firm, many times the firm will use a compromise method to reduce the quality of the audit work in order to survive. Two months of special audit internship in a hurry past. I am really lucky to be reused by the director. Maybe we are not much better than others, but we are practical, stable, tolerant, strict with ourselves, and sincere in treating others. Maybe these advantages of ours have given us such a good opportunity to stay here. Continue learning here.
Of course, we will guard against arrogance and impetuosity, continue to work hard, make good use of this platform, train ourselves, improve ourselves, and live up to the expectations of our parents, directors, school leaders, and colleagues. In short, I benefited a lot from this accounting internship. In just two months of internship, I will benefit from it throughout my life.
Part 2
1. Introduction to the internship unit
Nanjing Zhonghe Accounting Firm was established with the approval of the Nanjing Municipal Finance Bureau. It is located in the Nanjing Xuanwu Industrial and Commercial Administration It is registered with the Administration Bureau and has independent legal personality. The institute currently has more than 20 employees. Among them: 8 are certified public accountants, 5 are certified tax accountants, 12 have high or intermediate professional and technical titles, and 5 have senior professional titles. It is an accounting intermediary agency with comprehensive service functions composed of professionals in accounting, taxation and other fields. It can provide comprehensive and high-quality professional services to customers from all walks of life.
2. Internship Content
During the internship period, you will mainly complete the following internship tasks in accordance with the requirements and arrangements of the company:
1 Understand the work specifications of Zhonghe Accounting Firm and be familiar with it Personnel in each department
2 are familiar with the operating procedures and industry standards of various audit services of the firm, and assist accountants in completing various services. 3. Cooperate with the staff to complete various daily office tasks, mainly helping to prepare capital verification reports
4. Outbound auditing
I was assigned to conduct an internship in the company's audit department. I will now organize the internship content according to the time schedule. The report is as follows:
On the first day, I officially reported to the company at 8:30 in the morning. Then the chief accountant in charge of the audit business held a meeting with the four people who were going to intern at the same time, and introduced in detail the specifics of Nanjing Zhonghe Accounting Firm. The situation is mainly explained from the aspects of the organization's personnel setup, business scope and current operating conditions. At the same time, relevant questions raised by our interns are explained. Finally, we clarified our main tasks during the internship, and put forward relevant requirements and expectations, encouraging everyone to study hard and work hard in the new environment, and strive to gain something during the internship. After that, the company’s manager Sun was given the specific responsibility for arranging matters during our internship in the company, and my internship in the firm officially began.
For the first two days, I followed my colleague Xiao Zhang in the office to get familiar with the situation and help complete various daily office tasks. Each person is given a copy of the annual income tax settlement and settlement book, and they study and read it in their free time every day to understand the latest tax laws and policies. These are laws and regulations that will be frequently used in future work and provide us with It was a great learning opportunity that allowed us to obtain first-hand information related to the industry.
Accounting firms have a large number of documents and files, and most of them need to be saved for a long time. Many of them need to be reviewed at any time, which puts forward higher requirements for file management and preservation. Manager Sun of the office led our four intern students to do some file sorting work. We have rearranged the files from the past two or three years neatly and explained them by serial number. During this period, a lot of physical labor was performed, and carrying bundles of heavy files gave us, college students who are about to graduate, a new exercise. In addition, the teacher also taught us how to bind documents step by step. Several people practiced together, from sorting, punching, threading to the final pasting and numbering. Finally, we were able to organize the scattered report manuscripts into complete report documents and lay them out side by side. tidy. It is these seemingly simple and casual tasks that we students in school cannot do well without training, and these tasks are also the most basic in future employment. During this period, we also had the opportunity to see a large number of first-hand written materials such as audit reports, capital verification reports, working papers, etc., which allowed us to truly feel the specific work of the firm. The thick files are the testimony of these works.
On the fourth day of the internship, the firm arranged for Director Xie, a certified public accountant with many years of experience, to give us a lecture, mainly describing the operation of the audit business.
Many amounts were included in the headings of "other receivables" and "other payables", but in fact, in past studies, these records were inaccurate. When I first discovered this problem, I made corresponding records in the manuscript. After reading all the account accounts, I pulled out the ones with problems or large amounts, and then looked for the corresponding vouchers and carefully checked them. Attachment for comparison to see if the accounts used in this account are correct.
In addition, I also helped the teacher complete the calculation of the company's loan interest and the measurement of fixed assets depreciation expenses. We found that there were big problems in the company's fixed assets measurement. The company did not have any detailed information on fixed assets. Unified measurement standards, but different depreciation years for different fixed assets. This is why the auditors found a large difference during the audit. After unified calculation, I found that the fixed asset depreciation amount calculated by the company was higher than the standard. After adjusting the measurement standards, the difference was 80,000 yuan. This was a big encouragement for me as a first-time auditer. I was finally able to find some mistakes, which was also a good start. Since Huisen Company is engaged in coal investment, the company also has a branch in northern Shaanxi responsible for coal mining. Therefore, when auditing Huisen's accounts, the accounts of the subsidiaries must also be calculated together, but only one A small portion, such as profits or dividends paid by a subsidiary. When I look at the vouchers, I often can't figure out when the account should be recorded in the name of the head office and what account should be recorded in the name of the branch.
The second project I worked on was the Wayaobao Coal Transportation Company located in Zichang County, Yan'an City. This was my first business trip and I felt very excited. When I followed my colleague Mr. Qi to the company, I found that there were only two people in the company's financial department, an accountant and a cashier. This made one person burdened with too much work and seemed unable to do his job. Especially at the end of the year, it is the busiest time of the year for accounting work, and the cashier is often away from home. The accounting work is very heavy. In addition, we have some company financial questions that require accountant help. Busy work adds to the burden. Wayaobao Coal Transportation Company is a subsidiary of Shaanxi Coal. The company's main business is not to buy coal, but to transport it. Being in the coal industry, the company's profits are not as high as other parts of the industry. But despite the lack of manpower in the company's finance department, the accounts are still in good order. Wayaobao Company was punished by the tax department because of leaks during the tax filing process last year. Therefore, during the audit this year, I found that the company's tax accounts were very clear, even though it only had more than 300,000 yuan. In terms of net profit, the company still paid more than 200,000 yuan in taxes. I am also very inspired by this. As a financial officer, no matter what the reason is, you should act in accordance with national regulations in terms of taxation. Otherwise, the consequences for the company will be very serious. Not only will it be punished, but the company's reputation will also be damaged. Damage, a little sweetness in exchange for such an unbearable bitter fruit is really not worth it. During this field trip, I began to issue audit drafts independently. I am very fortunate that when I was in school, the teacher taught us a lot of Excel operating skills. Yes, I can do audit drafts. Get started quickly. Due to the small scale of the company and the clear accounting, it only took the instructor and me three days to complete the task.
The third project I worked on was a passenger transportation company, engaged in bus transportation management and taxi management. When I arrived at the company's location, I found that the company's financial situation was very confusing. First of all, the company's financial staff was very confused about the application of the accounting system and could not export the accounting statements, which made it very difficult for us to check the accounts. Secondly, the company's accounting system is old and cannot be used. Most of the accounts are completed through manual accounting. When I checked the management fee column, there was a serious confusion in the manual accounts. This will make our work more difficult. Very disadvantageous.
When checking the account accounts, the company provided us with printed reports, but manual printing would inevitably have errors and omissions. This made it impossible for me to reconcile the general ledger and the detailed ledger when calculating the total. I only found out after carefully asking the accountant in charge. Nearly hundreds of thousands of accounts were only registered in the account set system without vouchers, so they were not recorded in the manual account set. Such a big problem shows that the company's usual management is very chaotic. The same problem also occurred when checking various expenses again. Most of the expenses that appeared in the detailed accounts under the expense account appeared repeatedly in the "employee compensation payable", "other payables" and other accounts, although they all offset each other at the end of the period. , but it is not difficult to see the trouble that manual accounting brings to this company. Therefore, it takes the longest time in this company. Since the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission has regulatory requirements for the issuance time of audit reports, in Asia During that time at Hui Transportation Company, I had to work overtime almost every day, and I had to go back to the office to continue working overtime on weekends, so as to ensure that the financial report was submitted on time.
Every time I participate in audit field work, it is a good opportunity for me to exercise and improve. Therefore, I take the assigned tasks seriously and implement audit procedures in accordance with the requirements of professional standards. . During this period, the teachers in the project department gave me good guidance, making me realize that it is very important to strengthen communication with the other client unit while adhering to the principles of independence, objectivity, and fairness. Based on this, we can judge whether the company's finances comply with national financial regulations, the quality of financial personnel, etc., so that we can have a clear understanding of the audit process. At the same time, we have established a good cooperative relationship with client units, so that our audit work can be more effective. to develop.
This internship experience in the company gave me a certain understanding of all aspects of the accounting firm. Accounting firms, under the national concept of "becoming bigger and stronger", have been continuously merged in recent years. It is obvious that working in an accounting firm is still a good choice for an accounting major. This should be The job is still very promising. But CPAs are not as good as I imagined in school. Maybe to laymen, CPAs seem to be very professional and powerful people. Actually no, the income of a certified public accountant is not as high as in school. There are still many contradictions in accounting firms themselves. Mainly reflected in how to arrange audit projects. Because some audit projects have low risks and high audit fees, everyone is vying for them. While some projects have relatively high audit fees, although the audit fees are okay. Not many people want this kind of project. The most unlucky ones are the kind of projects that are not expensive but have high risks. No one wants such projects. Even in the second case, many people are not willing to spend more money. In this way, conflicts will arise within the CPA. Another contradiction is that between audit assistants and certified public accountants. Audit assistants work the most and get the least money. If the CPA ignores the various psychology of the audit assistant, the audit assistant will inevitably complain.
Through this internship, I learned a lot of practical knowledge about auditing. There are two main aspects that impressed me deeply this time. First, the audit procedures implemented must be formed in working papers, which can minimize audit risks. Second, we must make full use of risk-based auditing. Analyze areas of risk before and during the audit and make them a key focus. The use of analytical procedures in the audit process can greatly improve audit efficiency.