Grape seed extract
[Chinese name]: grape seed extract
[english name]: grape seed p.e
[ Latin name]: vitis vinifera l.
[Source]: The seeds of the grape plant grape (vitis vinifera l.).
[Character]: Reddish-brown powder, slight odor and astringent taste.
[Use]
As a raw material for health food, it can be directly made into capsules and other dosage forms. It is currently one of the top ten best-selling varieties of natural plants in the United States. High-quality OPC is widely added to beverages and wine due to its good solubility in water and alcohol, its bright color and significant curative effect. As a natural functional ingredient with strong antioxidant properties, it is widely added to various common foods such as cakes and cheese in Europe and the United States, both as a nutritional fortifier and as a natural preservative to replace synthetic preservatives (such as benzoic acid, etc.) ), in line with people’s requirements for returning to nature and improving food safety.
Grape seed extract is a nutritional food refined from the effective active nutrients extracted from natural grape seeds and vitamin E and other main raw materials. Grape seed extract is a new type of highly effective natural antioxidant substance extracted from grape seeds that cannot be synthesized in the human body. It is the substance with the strongest antioxidant and free radical scavenging ability currently found in nature. Its antioxidant activity is 50 times that of vitamin E and 20 times that of vitamin C. It can effectively scavenge excess free radicals in the human body and has super It has strong effects on delaying aging and enhancing immunity. Anti-oxidant, anti-allergic, anti-fatigue, enhance physical fitness, improve sub-health status, delay aging, improve irritability, dizziness, fatigue, memory loss and other symptoms.
Suitable people
People who are often tired, prone to colds, and prone to allergies;
Irritability, dizziness, fatigue, and memory loss;
Sub-healthy people with weak constitution.
[[Function]
:
●Antioxidant properties
●Eye health care function (can reduce eye degenerative spots and cataract incidence)
●Heart rate health care function (reduce exercise-induced atherosclerosis)
●Reduce the risk of cancer
●Enhance blood vessel strength (strengthen the blood vessel wall elasticity)
●Anthocyanin is a water-soluble Sex pigments can change color according to the acidity and base of the cell fluid. If the cell fluid is acidic, it will be reddish; if the cell fluid is alkaline, it will be blue. Anthocyanins are one of the main pigments that contribute to the color of petals and fruits. Produced through the phenylpropanoid pathway and flavonoids biosynthetic pathway. Factors that affect the coloration of anthocyanins include anthocyanin structure, ph value, coloration (copigmentation), etc. Peel color is affected by intrinsic and extrinsic factors and cultivation techniques. Light can increase anthocyanin content; high temperature can degrade anthocyanins. Anthocyanins are plant secondary metabolites and play an important role in physiology. Petal and fruit color may attract animals for pollination and seed dispersal (stintzing and carle, 2004). It is commonly found in the tissues of flowers and fruits and in the epidermal cells and lower epidermal layers of stems and leaves. The market price of some fruits is determined by their color. Anthocyanins belong to the flavonoids group of phenolic compounds. The basic structure consists of two benzene rings connected by a 3-carbon unit (c6-c3-c6). Anthocyanins are produced through the phenylpropionic acid pathway and the flavonoid synthesis pathway, and are regulated and catalyzed by many enzymes.
Six kinds of non-toxic pigments: pelargonidin, cyanidin, delphinidin, peonidin, petunidin and malvidin. Mainly glycosides (aglycone). Anthocyanins show different colors depending on factors such as the number of hydroxyl groups (-oh), methylation, glycosylation number, sugar type and connection position (Fan and Qiu, 1998). The color expression is due to changes in biochemical environmental conditions, such as anthocyanin concentration, color effects, and ph value in the liquid cells (clifford, 2000). The purpose of this article is to understand the factors that affect anthocyanin production and synthesis, so as to serve as a reference for field cultivation management.
Orange and yellow are the effects of carotene. β-carotene was discovered in carrots in 1910. Later, two other carotene isomers were discovered: α, β, and γ isomers. Beta-carotene was patented in 1958 (us2849495, August 26, 1958, patentee: hoffmann la roche). It is currently mainly extracted from the ocean and can also be synthesized artificially.
There are more than 300 different anthocyanins in nature. They come from a variety of fruits and vegetables such as purple sweet potatoes, lingonberries, cranberries, blueberries, grapes, elderberries, black currants, purple carrots and red cabbage, ranging in color from red to blue. These anthocyanins mainly include delchindin, cyanidin, petunidin, and peonidin.
The color of anthocyanins varies with pH. The value changes from a raspberry red when the pH is 3 to a deep blueberry red when the pH is 5. In most applications, these pigments have good light, heat and pH stability and are able to withstand pasteurization and UHT heat treatments. Anthocyanins are widely used in beverages, candies, jellies and jams. The color changes of purple sweet potato anthocyanins at different ph values ??are shown in the picture on the lower right: Color changes of purple sweet potato anthocyanins at different ph values
In recent years, research on the health effects of anthocyanins as polyphenols has been Attention is increasingly focused on the possible benefits. This property of anthocyanins is likely to find increasing use in functional and health foods in the future. There are relatively mature anthocyanin products on the market. These anthocyanins are mainly bilberry anthocyanins, blueberry anthocyanins, cranberry anthocyanins, elderberry anthocyanins, blackberry anthocyanins and black bean bark flowers. Cyanins, etc., the content is 25 or 40. Mr. Xue Xifeng of Xi'an Tianyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd. conducted detailed research on the extraction process and began large-scale production of 25% of anthocyanin products in 2001.
The role of anthocyanins
Anthocyanin pigments are widely found in purple sweet potatoes, grapes, blood oranges, red cabbage, blueberries, eggplant peels, cherries, red oranges, red In the tissues of berries, strawberries, mulberries, hawthorn bark, perilla, black (red) rice, morning glory and other plants.
Anthocyanins provide many benefits to the human body. Basically, anthocyanins are powerful antioxidants that protect the body from damage caused by harmful substances called free radicals. Anthocyanins can also enhance blood vessel elasticity, improve the circulation system and skin smoothness, inhibit inflammation and allergies, and improve joint flexibility.
Some of the effects of anthocyanins are listed below:
1. Helps prevent a variety of free radical-related diseases, including cancer, heart disease, premature aging and arthritis;
2. Reduce the occurrence of heart disease and stroke by preventing stress response and platelet aggregation caused by smoking;
3. Enhance the ability of the immune system to resist carcinogens;
4 .Reduce the frequency and duration of colds;
5. Have anti-mutation function and thus reduce the formation of carcinogens;
6. Have anti-inflammatory effect, thus preventing diseases including joints Inflammation, including inflammation and swelling;
7. Relieve hay fever and other allergies;
8. Enhance the elasticity of arteries, veins and capillaries;
9. Protect the inner walls of arteries;
10. Maintain the normal flexibility of blood cells to help red blood cells pass through small capillaries, thus enhancing blood circulation throughout the body and bringing benefits to organs and systems in all parts of the body. Direct benefits and enhance cell vitality;
11. Relax blood vessels to promote blood flow and prevent high blood pressure (blood pressure lowering effect);
13. Prevent the release of blood vessels by the kidneys The increase in blood pressure caused by tensin-converting enzyme (another blood pressure lowering effect);
14. Acts as a barrier to protect brain cells, preventing the formation of amyloid beta protein, the toxicity of glutamate and Free radical attack, thereby preventing Alzheimer's disease;
15. By inhibiting elastase and collagenase, the skin becomes smooth and elastic, preventing both internal and external damage caused by excessive aging. Skin damage caused by sun exposure, etc.
[Edit this paragraph] Research and application of anthocyanins
Modern people have discovered that although antibiotics and vitamins have been studied in depth, they cannot solve problems such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes. , cancer and other modern diseases as well as sub-health conditions, it cannot solve the problems of longevity and anti-aging. Scientific research: If the problem of free radical damage is solved, human cells can truly grow freely, and the average human life span will definitely reach 125 years. Therefore, the length of human life directly depends on the strength of people's antioxidant and anti-free radical abilities, and the discovery of anthocyanins has found the simplest and most effective way to resist oxidation and anti-aging for people all over the world.
The discovery and application of anthocyanins has brought mankind from the era of antibiotics and vitamins in the 20th century to the era of anthocyanins in the 21st century!
With the development of science and technology, people are paying more and more attention to the safety of food additives. The types and quantities of synthetic pigments used have dropped significantly. Therefore, the development and application of natural pigments has become the key to the development of food pigments in the world. the general trend.
Anthocyanins are a type of water-soluble pigment widely present in plants and are flavonoid compounds. There are 6 common types in plants, namely geranium pigment (p g), cyanidin (cy), delphinium pigment (dp), peony pigment (pn), morning glory pigment (pt) and mallow pigment ( mv). Free anthocyanins are rare under natural conditions and often form anthocyanins with one or more glucose, rhamnose, galactose, xylose, arabinose, etc. through glycosidic bonds. The glycosidic groups and hydroxyl groups in anthocyanins can also It forms acylated anthocyanins through ester bonds with one or several molecules of aromatic acids and fatty acids such as coumaric acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. There are more than 250 naturally occurring anthocyanins known to exist in plants belonging to 27 families and 73 genera.
The developed anthocyanin grape skin pigment is the earliest and most abundant anthocyanin pigment developed. It is made from the peel of grape fruits or the waste of winery - grape pomace, with water or ethanol. It is extracted, then refined and concentrated in vacuum. The main ingredients are mallow-3-glucosidine, syringidine, dimethyldelphinidin, methylanthocyanin, delphinidin, etc., which are widely used in beverages and cold drinks. In the production of cakes, jams, etc., the dosage is 0.002~0.3.
Roselle pigment (roselle red) is extracted and refined from the calyx of roselle, an annual herb of the genus Malvaceae and Hibiscus. 100g of dried calyx can produce 1.5g of total anthocyanins. The main components are Delphinidin-3-sambubioside, cyanidin-3-sambubioside and a small amount of delphinidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, rosella red is edible Red (to purple) pigments are suitable for foods with a pH value below 4 that do not require high-temperature heating, such as syrups, cold spots, sorbets, jelly, etc. The dosage is 0.1~0.5.
Sorghum red pigment is taken from the outer pericarp of purple-black or reddish-brown sorghum seeds. The main components are apigenin and quercetin. Sorghum red is stable to light and heat. It can turn red-brown under acidic and alkaline conditions. It has strong dyeing power and is an edible red-brown pigment. Because of its stable properties, it is widely used.
In addition, the anthocyanin pigments that have been developed and used internationally include peanut red pigment, sunflower red, blackcurrant red, natural amaranth, purple corn pigment, mulberry red pigment, red rice red (black rice red), perilla pigment, red cabbage pigment, blue ingot red, etc. Anthocyanin pigments appear red in an acidic environment, are bright in color, and have good stability to light, heat, and oxygen (except grape skin pigments). They are one of the best natural pigments for coloring daily necessities. In China, except for red cabbage pigment, perilla pigment, blue ingot fruit red, and purple corn pigment, which have not been approved, the others have been widely used.
Application research and existing problems Anthocyanins, like other natural pigments, are non-toxic and have no side effects, high safety performance, natural coloring tones, closer to the color of natural substances, and have health care functions. However, compared with synthetic pigments, anthocyanin pigments also have some defects. Anthocyanins are very sensitive to pH, temperature, light, and metal ions, and have poor stability. For example, the color tone will change significantly with changes in pH. In acidic conditions, It appears red in the environment, purple in neutral conditions, and blue in alkaline conditions.
Anthocyanin molecules have a high degree of molecular ***-yoke system, with acidic and alkaline properties, and are easily soluble in polar solvents such as water, methanol, ethanol, dilute alkali and dilute acid. Methanol containing a small amount of hydrochloric acid or formic acid is usually used for solvent extraction. The acid in it can prevent the degradation of non-acylated anthocyanins. However, these acids will cause the degradation of pigments during evaporation and concentration. In some plants, a small amount of acid will Partial or complete hydrolysis of acylated anthocyanins. Comparative experiments on various methods of extracting anthocyanins from grapes have shown that when the hci in the solvent reaches 0.12 mol/l, the acylated anthocyanins can be partially hydrolyzed. hydrolysis. It is difficult to reach the standard of content ≥24 with a simple extraction and purification process. However, European countries can use their own extraction and purification technology to make the anthocyanin content of the extract ≥36.
In recent years, there have been many research reports on the antioxidant properties and physiological functions of anthocyanin pigments, and the relationship between their antioxidant properties and chemical structures has been studied. However, anthocyanins are not active in vivo. The antioxidant function in tissues has rarely been confirmed, so we need to conduct in-depth research on the following issues: the mechanism related to the absorption of anthocyanins by the human body and the effects of anthocyanin conversion products on the human body, pharmacokinetics, species The distribution of form or organizational structure.
Anthocyanin pigments with potential in the future Anthocyanin pigments are widely found in grapes, blood oranges, red cabbage, blueberries, eggplant peels, cherries, red oranges, cranberries, strawberries, mulberries, In the tissues of hawthorn bark, perilla, purple sweet potato, black (red) rice, morning glory and other plants. In the 1980s, Japan extracted and isolated four kinds of anthocyanins from the leaves of red cabbage and used them as food colorants (red to reddish purple), which are widely used in candies, juices, sodas, ice cream, and plums. On production. The main components of perilla pigment are perillain and perillanin, which are natural red pigments found in varieties with purple leaves in the Perillaceae family. Japan stipulated it as a food additive in 1993 and used it in chewing gum, fruit drinks, etc. It is considered that It has the functions of preventing allergies, preventing tooth decay, and reducing inflammation. Perilla is a traditional medicinal plant in my country. It is one of the 33 medicinal and food varieties in the second part of the Ministry of Health's Wei Fang Zi (1987) No. 57.
In recent years, the extraction of anthocyanins from purple sweet potatoes has become a popular research project in the world. Because purple sweet potatoes have high yield and are easy to cultivate, they are an ideal way to obtain anthocyanins economically. Especially the breeding of purple sweet potato varieties with high anthocyanins has provided opportunities for Large-scale production of anthocyanins provides high-quality raw materials!
Purple sweet potato With the continuous deepening of research, great progress has been made in improving the stability of anthocyanins through artificial acylation. In addition, plant tissue culture technology can also be used for other production of anthocyanin pigments. Due to its bright color, antioxidant and other health-care functions, anthocyanins will be put into industrial production to enrich people's work and life.
Proanthocyanidins
[Edit this paragraph] 1. What is proanthocyanidins
Proanthocyanidins are the Chinese name of oligomeric proantho cyanidins (opc). The molecular structure of bioflavonoids is currently internationally recognized as the most effective natural antioxidant in scavenging free radicals in the human body. It is generally a reddish-brown powder with a slight odor and astringent taste. It is soluble in water and most organic solvents. Usually grape seed extract or French maritime pine bark extract.
Proanthocyanidins (grape seed extract) is a new type of highly effective antioxidant. It is the most powerful free radical scavenger discovered so far and has very strong in vivo activity. Experiments have shown that the anti-free radical oxidation ability of OPC is 50 times that of vitamin E and 20 times that of vitamin C. It is rapidly and completely absorbed. It can reach the highest blood concentration in 20 minutes after oral administration, and its metabolic half-life is as long as 7 hours.
[Edit this paragraph] 2. Various health-care effects of anthocyanins
[Edit this paragraph] (Keywords)
Blood circulation
In Europe, anthocyanins have been used in clinical treatments for decades in order to improve blood circulation, treat diabetic retinopathy, reduce edema and inhibit varicose veins. Anthocyanins can strengthen capillaries, arteries and veins, therefore, they have the effect of reducing swelling and stasis. Capillary resistance is reduced and permeability is improved, making it easier for cells to absorb nutrients and eliminate waste. Transporting nutrients and removing waste products is the function of the blood circulation system. The heart is responsible for pumping blood; arteries and veins transport blood; and capillaries are responsible for transporting nutrients to cells and transporting waste products out. Anthocyanins can scavenge water-soluble and fat-soluble free radicals in cell membranes, thereby inhibiting the release of certain enzymes to damage capillary walls.
The nourishing effects of anthocyanins can be observed within a short period of time. Professor Henrichoussat of the University of Bordeaux in France conducted an experiment in which 47 people, aged from 37 to 85 years old, each took 100 mg of anthocyanins. After 27 hours, it was found that the capillary resistance was reduced by 40%.
Anthocyanins-sight protector
Diabetic retinopathy is a sign of diabetes. It is caused by microbleeds in the capillaries of the eyes and is a common cause of adult blindness. France has allowed the use of anthocyanins to treat the disease for many years. This method significantly reduces capillary bleeding in the eye and improves vision. Anthocyanins have also been used to prevent complications after cataract surgery in diabetic patients.
In 1998, experts selected many people without eye diseases and eye injuries to conduct experiments to examine whether anthocyanins could alleviate night blindness. The participants were divided into two groups, one group was drivers who drove at night, and the other group was those who stayed with computer screens all day. Four weeks later, their ability to withstand blinding was checked again, and 98% of the subjects had improved.
Eedema
Eedema is caused by water and electrolytes in the blood seeping into human tissues. It is usually swelling of the injured area. Healthy people who sit for too long will have edema. Women will have edema before menstruation. Sports injuries often cause edema. There may be edema after certain surgeries. Some diseases can also cause edema.
Research shows that taking anthocyanins once a day can significantly alleviate edema. The University of Bordeaux in France conducted a clinical trial and examined 40 patients with an average age of 60 and edema. The participants were divided into two groups. The patients took 300 mg of anthocyanins every day for 60 days, and all symptoms were relieved.
After 30 days, 26 patients' swelling disappeared. After 60 days, the edema in the legs of 63% of the subjects was cured.
Beautiful skin
Europeans call anthocyanins youth nutrients, skin vitamins, and oral cosmetics. Because it can restore collagen vitality and make skin smooth and elastic. Collagen is a building block of skin and is a gel-like substance that holds our bodies together. Vitamin C is a necessary nutrient for the biochemical synthesis of collagen. Anthocyanins make more vitamin C available, which means that vitamin C can more easily complete all of its functions (including collagen production). Anthocyanins bind to collagen and block enzymes that destroy collagen. Anthocyanins not only help collagen fibers form cross-linked structures, but can also help restore damage caused by excessive cross-linking caused by injury and free radicals. Excessive cross-linking can suffocate and harden connective tissue, causing wrinkles and premature aging of the skin. Anthocyanins also protect the body from sun damage and promote healing of psoriasis and age spots. Anthocyanins are also an excellent additive to topically applied skin creams.
Cholesterol
Cholesterol is a basic component of cell membranes and plays a key role in producing hormones and promoting the transport of fatty acids. However, too much cholesterol is a potentially bad sign. The combination of anthocyanins and vitamin C can decompose cholesterol into bile salts, which are then eliminated from the body. Anthocyanins speed up the decomposition and elimination of harmful cholesterol. Here, the synergistic relationship between vitamin C and anthocyanins is once again confirmed.
Heart protectant
Anthocyanins not only help restore skin elasticity, but also help joints, arteries and other tissues (such as the heart) maintain normal function. The vascular system is responsible for blood flow, delivering blood to all cells and tissues. Therefore, both in terms of long-term and short-term effects, anthocyanins are the best cardioprotective agents discovered so far. Anthocyanins also inhibit histamine production, thereby reducing inflammation and helping arteries resist the onslaught of mutagenic factors that contribute to cardiovascular disease.
Although the French generally eat far more high-fat foods than Americans, the French die from heart disease at a much lower rate than the Americans. The French are famous for their love of drinking, which is usually a must-have with every meal. The number of French drinkers suffering from coronary heart disease is 30 to 40% lower than those who do not drink alcohol. This is because French red wine contains anthocyanins.
Allergies and Inflammation
Anthocyanins not only help reduce cardiovascular inflammation, but also help treat many diseases, such as allergies, asthma, bronchitis, hay fever, and rheumatoid arteritis. , sports injuries, pressure ulcers, etc. When the human body is inflamed, it releases a compound called histamine, which can induce various symptoms of the above-mentioned diseases. Anthocyanins inhibit the enzymes required to produce histamine, preventing the production of histamine, thereby reducing inflammation. Anthocyanins are well-known inhibitors of histamine, but they do not block other enzymes. Today, our bodies are overexposed to chemicals and pollutants from food, drinking water, air, and plants and animals (such as pollen). As a result, allergies are very common. The anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory abilities of anthocyanins are well documented. Athletes appreciate anthocyanins because they make joints flexible, repair collagen in connective tissue, and reduce edema. Anthocyanins have also been reported to improve joint inflammation in many people.
Varicose veins
Symptoms of varicose veins can include pain, itching, burns, and fatigue. Severe varicose veins can cause heart disease, stroke, thrombophlebitis, pulmonary embolism, etc. Dr. Haake conducted clinical research in Hamburg, Germany and found that anthocyanins are beneficial to patients with varicose veins. There were 110 patients participating in the trial, 41 of whom had calf spasticity. Taking 90 milligrams of anthocyanins orally daily, 77 percent of the subjects experienced significant improvement. In addition, 93% of patients with calf spasms had their symptoms disappear.
Brain function
Anthocyanins can help improve memory, slow down aging and the risk of stroke. Clinical studies have shown that anthocyanins can help improve memory and brain function even after a stroke.
For example, hyperactivity disorder (or ADHD) in children is often treated with a Western medicine called ritilan. This kind of western medicine has the side effect of hindering the growth of children, and patients may become dependent on it. Once they stop taking it, patients will develop symptoms such as increased appetite, depression and lethargy. Some reports suggest that natural anthocyanin supplements as an alternative to ritilan are both effective and safe.
Improving hypoxia
Hypoxia refers to the long-term lack of oxygen, which causes irreparable damage to the body. Lack of oxygen in the elderly may cause mental and physical problems, such as Alzheimer's disease. Elderly people often have poor blood circulation. Anthocyanins scavenge free radicals and inhibit capillary rupture and damage to surrounding tissues. Anthocyanins also improve capillary status and enhance blood circulation to the brain, so the brain gets more oxygen.
Premenstrual syndrome
Clinical experimental results show that anthocyanins can reduce premenstrual (tension) syndrome that afflicts women. Because hormones are out of balance, many mental and physical illnesses can occur. Fluid retention affects the normal flow of blood, and as a result, the brain, ovaries, and uterus do not receive enough oxygen. Hypoglycemia may also be a trigger for PMS. The disease may manifest as any or all of the following symptoms: breast swelling and tenderness, back pain, abdominal distension, muscle cramps, personality changes (such as tantrums, outbursts of rage, or even suicidal thoughts), depression, fatigue , syncope, insomnia, joint pain, headache, anuria.
In a study on premenstrual syndrome, 165 women took 200 mg of anthocyanins orally every day. Two months later, the physical illness of the 60-year-old woman disappeared. After four months, 80% of the women's physical symptoms disappeared, and half of the women's psychological symptoms also disappeared.
There are also many research reports on anthocyanins nourishing the body and beneficial to health, including the following (but not limited to) the following aspects: improving liver function, reducing the risk of phlebitis and cancer, improving Multiple sclerosis and cataract prevention, etc.
After years of theoretical research, it has been proven that anthocyanins have a variety of health-care functions, including:
1. Protect the human body’s blood circulation system through three pathways: removing oxygen present in the blood Free radicals; helps the body prevent the generation of oxygen free radicals; enhances the integrity of blood vessel walls.
2. Inhibit the degradation of connective tissue by collagenase and elastase, thus helping to maintain skin elasticity and exert anti-skin aging effects.
3. It can enhance the microcirculation of retinal capillaries in the fundus and peripheral capillaries in the limbs.
4. By maintaining the health of blood vessels and improving microcirculation, various organs and tissues receive a sufficient blood supply.
5. It can enhance immune function, as shown in the fact that anthocyanins improve the immune response of interleukin 2 in mice fed alcohol and mice infected with retrovirus.
6. Anthocyanins can also enhance the effect of vitamin C and extend the time for vitamin C to take effect in the human body.
7. Anthocyanins have very good solubility in water, are well absorbed after oral administration, take effect quickly and last long after entering the human body.
8. As a health food, safety is very important. The results of various animal experiments and experimental systematic studies have proven that anthocyanins are non-toxic, non-mutagenic, non-carcinogenic, non-teratogenic and non-allergenic, so anthocyanins are safe.
[Edit this paragraph] 3. Safety of anthocyanins
Professor Masquelier and many scientists have used anthocyanins to conduct various clinical, laboratory, toxicity and Pharmacokinetic studies.
Extensive tests have proven that anthocyanins are non-toxic, non-carcinogenic, non-antigenic, and non-fetal malformation tonic. Professor Masquelier pointed out that he has been using anthocyanins to treat and prevent diseases for more than 40 years and has never seen any direct or indirect toxicity.
[Edit this paragraph] 4. Dosage
In most clinical reports, adults take between 100 and 200 mg of anthocyanins per day.
Experts recommend a maximum dose of one milligram per pound of body weight per day, with a course of one to two weeks. The dose is then reduced and maintained between 50 and 100 mg per day. When you are sick or suddenly allergic, a general approach is to take 150 to 300 mg orally every day until the crisis passes. The dose for children is usually half that for adults.
Proanthocyanidins: the "sharp weapon" of antioxidants
A cut apple will turn yellow, rubber will become brittle and hard after being used for a long time, and exposed metal will rust... … Oxidation is everywhere in our lives, and the human body is also aging in this inevitable process. How to slow down aging and prolong life? People have focused their attention on proanthocyanidins.
Proanthocyanidin (pca) is a bioflavonoid with a special molecular structure. It is currently internationally recognized as the most effective natural antioxidant in scavenging free radicals in the human body and has very strong in vivo activity. . Experiments have shown that PCA's anti-free radical oxidation ability is 50 times that of vitamin E and 20 times that of vitamin C. It is rapidly and completely absorbed. It can reach the highest blood concentration in 20 minutes after oral administration, and its metabolic half-life is as long as 7 hours.
Keyword 1: Improve blood circulation
Diabetic retinopathy is a sign of diabetes. It is caused by microbleeds in the capillaries of the eyes and is a common cause of adult blindness. PCA can strengthen capillaries, arteries and veins, therefore, it has the effect of reducing swelling and stasis. France has been using PCA to treat the disease for many years. This method has significantly reduced eye capillary bleeding and improved vision.
In 1998, experts selected many people without eye diseases and eye injuries to conduct experiments to examine whether PCA could alleviate night blindness. The participants were divided into two groups, one group was drivers who drove at night, and the other group was people who stayed with computer screens all day. Four weeks later, their ability to withstand blinding was rechecked, and 98% of the subjects had improved.
Keyword 2: Cardioprotective agent
PCA plays a key role in maintaining normal function of joints, arteries and other tissues (such as the heart), both in terms of long-term and short-term effects See, PCA is an excellent cardioprotective agent. Cholesterol is an essential component of cell membranes and plays a key role in the production of hormones and facilitating the transport of fatty acids. But too much cholesterol is a potentially bad sign, and its harmful effects on the heart are well known. The combination of PCA and vitamin C can decompose cholesterol into bile salts, which are then excreted from the body.
A real-life example is: Although the French love high-fat foods more than Americans, the rate of French deaths from heart disease is much lower than that of Americans. The medical community generally believes that this is because French red wine is rich in PCA. In addition to grape seeds, pine bark also contains large amounts of PCA.
Keyword 3: Fight allergies and inflammation
Due to pollution, our bodies are exposed to too many chemicals from food, drinking water, air and chemicals, and allergies have become very common. common ailments, and PCAs can help treat many allergic conditions. When the human body is inflamed, it releases a compound called histamine, which can induce various symptoms of the above-mentioned diseases. The function of PCA is to inhibit the enzyme required to produce histamine, thereby alleviating the symptoms of allergies and inflammation, reducing edema, and has Repair collagen in connective tissue. Because PCA has this unique function, it is highly appreciated by athletes.
Keyword 4: Improve varicose veins
Varicose veins are an extremely annoying disease, and its symptoms include pain, itching, fatigue, etc. Severe varicose veins can even cause heart disease, stroke, thrombophlebitis, pulmonary embolism, etc. According to clinical research conducted by Dr. Haake in Hamburg, Germany, proanthocyanidins are of great benefit to patients with varicose veins. In this trial, patients were given 90 milligrams of proanthocyanidin orally per day, and 77% of those in the trial experienced significant improvement, with up to 93% of patients with calf spasms having their symptoms disappear.
Keyword 5: Improve brain function
Proanthocyanidins can help improve memory, slow down aging and the risk of stroke.
Even after a stroke, proanthocyanidins can help improve memory and brain function. For hyperfunctional disorders in children (also known as ADHD), doctors often prescribe a drug called ritilan. This drug has the side effect of hindering the growth of children, and patients may become dependent on it. Once they stop taking it, patients will develop symptoms such as increased appetite, depression, and lethargy. Some reports suggest that proanthocyanidin natural supplements as an alternative to ritilan are both effective and safe.
I have eaten grape seeds, and the effect is good, but I am not taking Amway products. Amway products are very expensive. I bought "American GNC Grape Seed Extract 100mg*100 capsules for 125 yuan on Taobao."