Pinyin name
English name perilla fruit
Alias perilla, black perilla, iron perilla, Renzi
source
Source: Perilla frutescens and Perilla frutescens fruit of Labiatae.
Latin plant and animal mineral name: perilla. var。 Arguta (Benth。 ) hand. -Maze P. Fruit var. Purpura scene (Zaotian)
Harvest and storage: harvest the fruit when it is ripe in autumn, remove impurities and dry it in the sun.
Original shape
Annual herb, 30-200 cm tall. There is a special fragrance. Stems erect, multi-branched, purple, green purple or green, obtuse with four edges, densely villous. Leaves opposite; Petiole 3-5 cm long, purplish red or green, covered with long knots; The leaves are broadly ovoid, ovoid or ovoid triangle, 4- 13cm long and 2.5- 10cm wide, the apex is gradually pointed or pointed, sometimes short tail, the base is round or broadly wedge-shaped, the edges are coarsely serrated, sometimes the serrations are deep or shallow, the two sides are purplish red or only the lower side is purplish red, the upper and lower sides are fluffy, and the veins are dense. 7-8 pairs of lateral veins, slightly near the lower part, obliquely ascending. A verticillate inflorescence, a pseudo raceme consisting of 2 flowers, terminal and axillary, densely villous; Bracts ovate, ovate-triangular or lanceolate, entire, ciliate, with glandular points and membranous edges outside; Pedicel length 1- 1.5 mm, densely pilose; Calyx bell-shaped, about 3mm long, veins 10, outer surface densely villous, with yellow glandular spots, top 5 teeth, 2 lips, upper lip 3 teeth wide, lower lip 2 teeth, enlarged when bearing fruit, and saccate at the base; Corolla lip-shaped, 3-4 mm long, white or purple-red, with hairy rings in the corolla tube, pilose outside, slightly concave upper lip, 3-lobed lower lip, nearly round lobe and large middle lobe; Stamens 4, strong enemy, inserted in the middle of corolla tube, barely protruding from corolla, anthers 2-loculed; The front end of the disc expands; Pistil 1, ovary 4-lobed, style base inserted, stigma 2-loculed; The front end of the disc expands; Pistil 1, ovary 4-lobed, style base inserted, stigma 2-lobed. Nutlets are subglobose, taupe or brown, with a diameter of 1- 1.3mm, reticulate, and the calyx is about 10mm long. The flowering period is from June to August, and the fruiting period is from July to September.
The difference between this variety and perilla is that the calyx is small, 4-5.5 mm long, and the lower part is puberulent with glandular spots; Stems pubescent; The leaves are small, oval, 4.5-7.5 cm long and 2.8-5 cm wide, and both sides are puberulent. Nutlets are small, khaki, with a diameter of1-1.5mm. Flowering period is from June to August, and fruiting period is from July to September.
Character; Role; letter
Character identification (1) Perilla nutlets are ovoid or spheroidal, with a diameter of 0.6-2mm. The surface is grayish brown or grayish brown, with slightly raised deep purple reticulation, slightly pointed base and grayish white punctate fruit stalk marks. The peel is thin and brittle and easily crushed. The seed is yellow-white, the seed skin is membranous, and the cotyledons are 2 pieces, which are white-like and oily. Crushed with aroma and slightly spicy taste.
(2) Perilla frutescens is slightly smaller, with a diameter of 0.6- 1.5mm and a minimum diameter of 2 mm Its surface is brown or grayish brown, and its outer layer often falls off, exposing a yellowish stone cell layer.
Microscopic identification of fruit cross section: (1) Perilla mesocarp is 2-3 rows of parenchyma cells with scattered vascular bundles, in which pigment cells 1 row are polygonal brown on the surface, and the bottom is 1 row of endocarp heteromorphic stone cells, and the length is120-1. The epidermal cell wall in the pericarp is slightly lignified with dense small single lines. The outer layer of seed coat is 1 row of cells, with striped or reticulated walls and a round or oval surface. The former is 40-52μm in diameter and the latter is 48-80μm in length, and there are 2-3 rows of parenchyma cells under it. Cotyledons contain oil droplets.
(2) Pericarp of Perilla frutescens has a thin cuticle, intermittent bedding and dark brown substances in pigment cells.
chemical composition
Perilla seeds contain protein 17%, oil 5 1.7%, and are rich in unsaturated fatty acids, linolenic acid (56.8%) and linoleic acid (17.6% [1].
Seeds contain 25.7% lipids, including 0%-80% triacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, monoacylglycerol, sterols, sterol esters, bound lipids and free fatty acids. Binding lipids include lecithin, lysolecithin, monoglyceride, cerebroside, cephalin and phosphatidylserine. The main sterol is β-sitosterol. Exjod r exjeen SGC xeg dn ygsvyl fghwty dmdgo qd SGC (45%-50%), in addition to octadecadienoic acid, octadecadienoic acid, hexadecanoic acid and octadecanoic acid [2].
pharmacological action
1. Anti-cancer effect Feeding rats with breast cancer, colon cancer and nephroblastoma induced by 7, 12- dimethylbenzanthracene and 1, 2- dimethylhydrazine has anti-cancer effect [1].
2. Other effects Feeding perilla oil to stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-SP) can prolong their survival rate and prolong their survival time [2]. Perilla oil can also improve the learning ability of rats [3].
3. Toxic perilla seed 2.3- 15.5g/kg can produce atypical interstitial pneumonia, but it is not toxic after frost period [4].
Physical and chemical identification (1) Take 2g of this product powder, add 20ml of ether, soak it in warm water for 0.5h, and then filter it. Take 2ml of ether extract, put it on a glass dish, wave the wings of ether at room temperature, and directly heat the residue pool and 1-2 anhydrous sodium sulfate to produce a white gas (acrolein) with bubbles and special smell. (Check the oil compounds) (2) Take 200g of this product powder by thin layer chromatography, put it in a Shaxhlet extractor, heat and reflux it with petroleum ether (30-60℃) for 8 hours, cool it, and recover the petroleum ether to obtain the total oil. Shake 2g oil with 0.5mol/L potassium hydroxide and diethyl ether to remove impurities (25ml×4 times), add 60ml 6mol/L hydrochloric acid to the water layer, extract with diethyl ether (25ml×4 times), wash with water to remove impurities (25ml×4 times), add anhydrous sulfuric acid for internal dehydration, recover diethyl ether, and add 2% concentrated sulfuric acid-methanol (/kloc-0). Recover petroleum ether to obtain fatty acid methyl ester for sampling. Taking methyl linoleate, methyl linoleate and methyl palmitate as controls, sample on silica gel G- 10% silver nitrate (AgNO3) (3: 10), spread with benzene, spray 0.2% 2,7-dichlorofluorescein ethanol solution, and place in ultraviolet light (250?
Spicy in nature; Sexual temperature
Meridian and lung meridian; Large intestine meridian
The function is mainly to reduce qi; Eliminating phlegm; Relieve asthma; Moisten the intestines. Indications: Stagnation of phlegm and blood stasis, adverse qi; Cough and asthma; Intestinal dryness and constipation.
Usage and dosage: decocted, 5-10; I still took the pills and dispersed them.
Pay attention to Ben Feng Jingyuan: people with qi deficiency, chronic cough, wheezing due to yin deficiency and diarrhea due to spleen deficiency should not eat.
The attached prescription 1 is used to treat chronic cough in children, and the sputum in the throat is like a saw. The old man coughs and breathes: perilla is one yuan, eight almonds are one or two yuan (peeled tips), and the old man adds two yuan of white honey. * * * Finally, every time an adult takes a San Qian, the child takes a dollar and brings it with boiled water. ("Southern Yunnan Materia Medica" perilla powder) 2 Treating asthma and cough, eating phlegm: perilla seed, white mustard seed, radish seed. After serving the three ingredients, wash them separately, stir-fry them slightly, and crush them. Depending on the number of certificates, the owner is king, and the rest, each dose is no more than San Qian. Put it in a small bag of raw silk, cook it as soup and drink it as tea as you like, so you shouldn't eat too much bitterness. Add a little cooked honey if the stool is dull, and add three slices of ginger if it is cold in winter. ("Han's Yitong" Sanzi Yangqin Decoction) 3 Shun Qi, slippery stool: Perillae, Fructus Cannabis. No matter how much it tastes, grind it and filter it with water to get juice; Cook porridge to eat. ("Fang Jisheng" perilla maren porridge) 4 Treat beriberi, wind-cold-dampness arthralgia and limb contracture; Heel can't be practiced: two ounces of perilla, pestle, two liters of water, ground juice, boiled glutinous rice porridge with perilla juice, served with onions, black beans, peppers and ginger. (Sheng Hui Fang) 5 Cure thirst and change water. Take this to make the water come out from a young age: three ounces of perilla (fried) and three ounces of radish (fried). For the end, it is two yuan each time, and the mulberry root is decocted twice a day. ("Total Record of Shengji") 6 Treatment of crab poisoning: drink dried perilla juice. (synopsis of the golden chamber)
Various exhibitions
1. Tao Hongjing: Perilla frutescens, the main gas, should use dried tangerine peel.
2. "outline"; Perilla works with leaves, which are used for dispersing qi, and leaves are used for clearing up the upper and lower interests.
3. "Medicinal meaning": Perilla frutescens is the main pathogen, pungent and dispersing pathogen, so the patent is phlegm and blood stasis. Adverse reaction of cough leads to gas rising, and dyspnea leads to lung distension, thus reducing gas and relieving asthma. Heat insulation leads to phlegm and blood stasis, and phlegm and blood stasis leads to dull pain, so as to resolve phlegm and dissipate stagnation. According to the scripture, in the middle of the mountain, the qi is depressed and uncomfortable, and the wind and cold invade the lung meridian. For a long time, Fukashi, evil spirits treat the true qi, poor diet, excessive phlegm and fever seem to be weak rather than weak. Clearing qi and relieving depression is very effective.
4. "Materia Medica": Every sentence says that perilla contributes more to qi than leaves. Cover leaves, stems and seeds can be harmonious, but the leaves are harmonious and scattered, the stems are harmonious and connected, and the seeds are harmonious and healthy. Users should carefully examine them.
5. "Materia Medica": Perilla frutescens, which moves qi very quickly, can best clear up the upper and lower qi, relieve asthma and resolve phlegm, pass two stools and dispel cold and dampness. If the chest is full due to qi deficiency, it cannot be used, or it can be used with tonics.
6. "Ben Feng Jingyuan": All the scents are dry, but perilla is unique. It is a specific medicine for treating fatigue and cough. Suitable for patients with adverse chest and diaphragm, orange is a good medicine for relieving asthma, relieving cough, eliminating phlegm and smoothing qi.
7. A Compendium of Medical Forest: Su Zigong is similar to the stem and leaf of Perilla frutescens, which can moisten the heart and lungs, reduce qi and phlegm, relieve cough and asthma, benefit the diaphragm and widen the intestine, warm the middle warmer and relieve pain. Used in the place of benevolence, it has the meaning of moistening and moistening the heart. If the lungs contract too much, the qi will go up, but it won't work. If the lungs are relieved, the contractile muscles will open and the qi will be smooth. Anyone who falls with qi must speak with it. If he falls with it, he will share the benefits and broaden his intestines.
8. "Don't record": main qi, except cold.
9. "The Theory of Medicinal Properties": The main qi coughs up. Treat cold, dampness, wind, waist and feet.
10. "Rihuazi Materia Medica": In the main theme, it benefits five internal organs, lowers qi, stops cholera, vomiting, stops nausea, makes people fat, facilitates defecation, breaks knots, eliminates five intervals, stops coughing, moistens the heart and removes phlegm.
1 1. Materia Medica: Treating Lung Asthma.
12. "outline": treat wind and calm, benefit diaphragm and widen intestine, and relieve the poison of fish and crabs.
13. Herb Xuan Tong: Treating the harm of snakes and dogs.
Excerpts from Chinese Materia Medica