Polio (hereinafter referred to as poliomyelitis), also known as polio, is an acute infectious disease caused by poliovirus, which spreads widely and is harmful to children's health. Clinically, it is characterized by the involvement of motor cells in spinal cord and brain stem, which leads to muscle flaccid paralysis under its control. Although this disease has existed for centuries, it was not clearly described until Jacob Heine in 1840, and the epidemiology of this disease was established in Maidin in 1890, so acute poliomyelitis is also called Heine Maidin's disease. Although in recent years, due to the active promotion of preventive measures, the incidence rate has been significantly reduced, especially in cities and residential areas, but it can still be found in remote and underdeveloped areas, including the sequelae of previous patients, which need treatment.
Polio lesions are mainly located in the anterior horn of gray matter of spinal cord, and a few cases can spread to brain stem and brain parenchyma. The result of the virus invasion is mainly recessive subclinical infection. Only about 1% people have clinical manifestations after infection, and severe cases may have paralysis sequelae.
Polio mainly occurs in children and is spread through feces and pharyngeal secretions. The main clinical manifestations are fever, sore throat and limb pain. Some patients may have irregular, asymmetrical flaccid paralysis without sensory disturbance and incontinence. At this point, tendon reflex is weakened or disappeared. During the epidemic period, there were mostly recessive infections and no cases of paralysis, and the incidence rate of children was higher than that of adults, especially infants before vaccination, so it was also called polio, but it was not exclusively for children.
According to the bones of Egyptian mummies, polio existed 400 years ago/kloc-0. In the medical books of Ming and Qing dynasties in China, we can see records of this disease, which is called "polio". 1908, lance Steiner and pope successfully infected the patient's spinal cord with monkeys for the first time. Enders and others successfully cultured poliovirus from human embryonic cells in 1949 and passed it on. Salk discovered in 1953 that the inactivated vaccine inoculated with formaldehyde solution (formalin) could prevent the disease, and it was popularized in 1955, which significantly reduced the incidence of the disease and was praised as a great achievement of medical science in this century. 1960 After the live attenuated vaccine invented by Sabin et al. was used, polio was controlled in many parts of the world.
Polio didn't have this name in ancient Chinese medicine, but from its clinical manifestations, it was similar to "fever" and "epidemic disease" in the early stage, and later it appeared sequelae such as limb paralysis, which belonged to the category of "flaccidity syndrome". The earliest records can be found in Huangdi Neijing, such as "Huangdi Neijing Su Wenwei Lun", which says: "The heat of the five internal organs can make people sick and flaccid, and the heat inside the cover can make them look flaccid." Another cloud says, "If the lungs are hot and the leaves are scorched, the fur will be weak and thin, and if it is burned, it will wither." The flaccidity syndrome caused by fever was discussed in detail. On this basis, later generations of physicians played a role. "Etiology Theory" and "Emergency Prescription for Preparing Thousand Daughters" have gypsum soup to treat infantile hand and foot paralysis; It is recorded in "Pediatric Medicine Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment Tactics" that Quanscorpion Powder is used to treat children's hand and foot negligence. The Ming Dynasty's "Epidemic Discrimination" said: "Those who have sore legs and shins at the beginning of the epidemic are also depressed by the sun." "Those who are soft, commonly known as soft feet, often die in a day or two." Wang Qingren's "Medical Forest Correction" in the Qing Dynasty said: "Children have it from one year old to childhood, and few people suddenly suffer from it. Most of them suffer from typhoid fever, plague, pox, vomiting and diarrhea, and their vitality is gradually lost, their faces are pale, and their hands and feet are gradually motionless. " The above discussion shows that doctors in past dynasties had a certain understanding and treatment measures for polio very early.
1954 first reported the treatment of polio by modern Chinese medicine. In the mid-1950s, clinical data increased rapidly. The treatment is traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture or combination of acupuncture and medicine. From the end of 1960s to the mid-1970s, Chinese medicine mainly treated this disease by excavating traditional prescriptions, and acupuncture and moxibustion adopted acupoint ligation therapy, which had a good effect on improving the muscle strength of paralyzed limbs and correcting some deformities. In recent 10 years, in addition to the above methods, He-Ne laser acupoint irradiation, electroacupuncture arrangement, awn needle penetration and other methods have been added to improve the therapeutic effect. It is reported that the initial (acute) treatment effect of this disease is good. The cure rate of oral administration and external application of traditional Chinese medicine is over 80%, and the total effective rate is 100%. If the disease is untreated or improperly treated, resulting in limb paralysis or paralysis, the treatment effect will be poor, and the longer it is delayed, the worse the treatment effect will be. The basic cure rate of acupuncture and moxibustion for polio sequelae is 30% ~ 40%, and the effective rate is over 90%. Therefore, early detection and early treatment are the key to prevent paralysis or muscle atrophy.
In experimental research, gratifying results have also been achieved. It is found that acupuncture can increase the content of 5HT and 5HIAA in blood, promote the metabolism of 5HT system, strengthen the regulation of physiological function, make local tissue blood flow unobstructed, promote tissue metabolism, provide nutrients needed by tissues and cells, accelerate waste excretion, and be beneficial to the recovery of muscle group function of affected limbs.
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