1, strengthen education: adopt effective communication methods, such as gestures, pen-and-paper conversation, etc., to understand patients' psychology, eliminate patients' fears and nervousness, and place pagers where patients can easily reach them to enhance their sense of security. Do a good job in the knowledge education of patients and their families, repeatedly emphasize the harm and adverse consequences caused by accidental extubation, and guide patients and their families to cooperate with pipeline management methods.
2. Standardize nursing work: 1) Establish emergency procedures and registers for accidental extubation, and formulate targeted handover system. 2) Standardize the routine operation of nurses. Such as restraint, oral care, turning over, sputum suction, activities, etc. Discuss every case of accidental extubation in the department, analyze the causes of extubation and improve the operation process. For example, for patients with artificial airway, mastering the indications of sputum aspiration and timely sputum aspiration is to keep the airway unobstructed and avoid laryngeal spasm and sputum scab obstruction, which may easily lead to discomfort such as hypoxia and irritability, and pull out the tube by itself. Care operations such as turning over and moving patients should be gentle, and all kinds of pipes should be properly placed to avoid being pulled out. For patients who are restless, they need to be restrained before carrying and turning over. 3) Improve the ability of young nurses to identify the high-risk factors of accidental extubation: A, when the patient is unconscious or excited, the pipeline is improperly fixed or connected, or when turning over or moving the patient, accidental extubation is easy to occur. B Patients with consciousness disorder, children, elderly patients and patients who have had accidental extubation are the high-risk groups for accidental extubation. C in the early morning, at noon and at night, when there are few medical staff, accidental extubation is easy to happen.
3. Reasonable allocation of nursing staff: the head nurse implements flexible shift arrangement, increases nursing manpower during the period of high incidence of accidental extubation with more patients' agitation, and pays attention to the collocation of new and old nurses to reduce the occurrence of accidental extubation. Timely reflect the condition, provide doctors with dynamic information of extubation, and extubate those who meet the extubation conditions as soon as possible.
4, according to the condition of rational drug sedation treatment, for restless or coma patients, should be the correct application of diazepam, chlorpromazine, Li Yuexi and other drugs. In order to alleviate the discomfort of patients and some negative unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and fear.
5. Choose the appropriate pipe and improve the fixing method: choose soft materials with fine diameter to increase the comfort of patients. According to the patient's height and body shape, choose the type of catheter and determine the depth of intubation. Method of fixing catheter:
A) Stomach tube: Silicone gastric tube is selected for indwelling gastric tube, which has good elasticity and no peculiar smell. Increasing the insertion length during intubation to make the gastric tube close to pylorus can effectively prevent the reflux of nasal feeding liquid and prevent and reduce complications. Intubation is gentle. After intubation, the conventional fixation method is to fix the nose and cheeks with adhesive tape. Patients with this fixation method often sweat on their cheeks and get oily, and the fixed adhesive tape is easy to fall off, which leads to the gastric tube slipping out. The end of nasogastric tube can be tied to the upper lip 0.5 cm near the nasal cavity with a tie, then wrapped around the head 1 time and fixed behind the patient's ear or pillow to prevent extubation.
B) Tracheal intubation: After successful intubation, it can be fixed with tracheal intubation fixer or dental pad. People who use the dental cushion fixer use adhesive tape with good viscosity and toughness, and then tie it around the auricle with a tie to prevent the intubation from slipping off, which plays a double insurance role. Tracheotomy: the fastening band is a dead knot, and the tightness should leave a gap between the finger and the neck. Adjust the tightness of the fastening belt in time according to the patient's neck condition. Check the airbag for air leakage or insufficient inflation every day, and the airbag deflation time should not be too long.
C) Intravascular catheterization: it should be fixed by suture and reinforced by transparent paste, and the dressing should be changed every day for central venous catheterization. PICC tube can be fixed with a long length of * * * *, cut * * from the ankle with scissors, keep the sock tube about 10- 15cm, and sleeve the sock tube from the finger end to PICC tube. Patients should be instructed to take care of themselves. For example, in the process of infusion, we should often loosen our fists to promote blood circulation and reduce the occurrence of phlebitis. After infusion, they can do appropriate activities, such as writing and simple housework, but don't do strenuous activities or soak in water for a long time.
D) Catheter: Before indwelling the catheter, check the quality of the air sac, inject proper amount of normal saline during intubation, and do not blindly inject water. The water sac will break and fall off due to long-term excessive tension or insufficient gas or liquid injection. Fix the catheter correctly and place it under the patient's body.
6, choose the appropriate restraint protection device, evaluate the patient's consciousness, restlessness, acceptance, choose the appropriate restraint protection device, often check whether the restraint device is loose. Restraint belts should not be placed too close to the bed. Bind your hands with a restraint belt at least 20 cm away from the catheter. When using the restraint belt, the local skin condition should be closely observed, and the restraint belt should be properly elastic and relaxed regularly. Fingerless gloves can be used to restrain the patient if necessary.
7. Strengthen patrol, strengthen the management of key periods, especially increase the frequency of night patrol. For patients with extubation risk and extubation, safety warning signs such as "preventing pipeline slippage" should be hung at the bedside of patients to remind family members and medical staff to prevent accidental extubation at any time. Strengthen the evaluation of patients, including age, conscious state, psychological state, tolerance state, catheter position, depth, fixation, previous extubation experience, etc. Record the depth of the indwelling pipeline in each shift, shift, pay attention to the change of the mark, and find out whether the pipeline is out as soon as possible.
8. Patients who go out for examination or get out of bed should carefully check whether the catheter interface is firmly connected, and inform the patients and their families to avoid pulling.
2. How to prevent the sewer pipe from being blocked?
Yellow, very long, a few meters long, very soft, you can go to the corner and get through the blocked place. On TV, I saw a small way to prevent the sewer pipe from blocking, that is, tie a knot every 10cm with a rope, and tie a knot above 10, which can be bigger, especially suitable for kitchen sinks. There is usually a knot at the bottom of the swimming pool.
Generally, if the pool with kitchen cabinets is blocked, there will be trouble, so prevention is very important. Potions. I've never heard of them. If it can really melt, it is also very toxic.
Even if there is, don't use it.
3. Life tips on how to prevent hair loss
What is the main cause of hair loss? It is normal to lose about 100 hairs a day.
Many people are worried about hair loss or thinning, especially men. An adult's head has about100000 hairs.
The problem of hair loss occurs naturally on anyone's head every day, usually when washing hair. An adult loses about 100 hairs every day, which can be said to be within the normal range.
Generally speaking, after hair falls off, the same amount of hair will grow out soon, so don't worry about less and less hair. But if the number of hair loss exceeds the normal range, there is the possibility of baldness. The main prevention method of hair loss is to keep clean and prevent scalp inflammation.
Promote blood circulation through * * *, but don't knock your head hard. Too much washing or not enough washing is not good for the scalp.
Appropriate and persistent use of hair care products, the effect varies from person to person. Pay attention to improving nutritional status.
Protein: Milk, meat, fish, vitamins AD: cauliflower, spinach, carrot minerals: cabbage, kelp ■ Hair loss must be analyzed first. I wonder what kind of hair loss you have. After reading the following information, you may find the answer, and you will also find a cure. Hair loss can be divided into two basic types: permanent hair loss caused by hair follicle damage and temporary hair loss caused by short-term hair follicle damage.
Permanent alopecia is a common male alopecia. In some European countries, the male baldness rate is as high as 40%.
The process of permanent alopecia (male alopecia) is gradually produced. At the beginning, the hair margin of the head and forehead was obviously retracted, and the hair on the top of the head was scarce; Then it will develop gradually, and finally it will develop into only a circle of sparse hair on the back of the head and on both sides of the head. There are three main reasons: genetic factors, lack or disorder of androgen in blood circulation; Overweight.
In addition, scars left by various skin diseases or skin injuries, congenital hair dysplasia, serious hair follicle damage caused by chemical substances or physical reasons, etc., may all cause permanent hair loss. Temporary hair loss is often caused by diseases with high fever.
However, X-rays, ingestion of metals (such as thallium, tin and arsenic) or drugs, malnutrition, some skin diseases with inflammation, chronic wasting diseases and endocrine disorders can also lead to temporary hair loss. There are two ways to treat male pattern alopecia.
The first type is hair transplantation, that is, the hair follicle of the scalp with long hair is transplanted to the place with short hair, that is, from the back of the head to the front. The second method is local application.
Minoxidil is often used for external use, which can effectively prevent alopecia caused by various reasons and promote hair regeneration in bald or sparse parts. 1, seborrheic alopecia: more common in young adults, manifested as thick scalp oil secretion, bright, sparse, sparse hair, or dry hair, dandruff, dull, sparse, slender.
Solution: Pay attention to light diet, eat less sexual food, eat more fruits and vegetables or take vitamins B6 and B2 orally. 2, pathological alopecia: mainly due to viruses, bacteria, high fever damage hair mother cells, inhibit the normal division of hair mother cells, so that hair follicles are in a state of shock and lead to hair loss, such as acute infectious diseases, long-term use of certain drugs and so on.
Solution: Take more rest, and your hair will grow back after recovery or withdrawal. 3, chemical hair loss: harmful chemicals damage scalp tissue, hair follicle cells, leading to hair loss solution: do not use strong hair dye, perm agent and inferior shampoo.
4, physical hair loss: hair loss caused by air pollutants blocking hair follicles, harmful radiation and other reasons. Solution: Don't use nylon comb and nylon head brush which are easy to generate static electricity, wear protective cap in the environment with serious air dust pollution and wash your hair in time.
5, nutritional hair loss: malnutrition caused by digestive and absorption dysfunction leads to hair loss solution: strengthen nutrition, eat more fruits and vegetables, kelp, mulberries, walnuts. 6, obesity and hair loss: a large number of saturated fatty acids produce waste after metabolism in the body, blocking hair follicles and causing hair loss. Solution: eat less greasy food and strengthen physical exercise.
7, hereditary hair loss: hair loss is also hereditary, generally male is dominant inheritance, female is negative inheritance. First, the purpose of hair care is to maintain the health of hair, and at the same time can overcome dandruff or hair loss.
To prevent hair loss, we should start with daily hair care. The following are the basic methods of hair care. 1. Shampooing and hair care is the foundation of hair quality health, and correct shampooing method is an important factor in maintaining hair. Dry hair has less sebum secretion, and the shampoo cycle can be slightly longer, usually once every 7~ 10 day.
Oily hair has more sebum secretion and a slightly shorter shampoo cycle. Usually wash once every 3 to 5 days. Neutral hair sebum secretion is moderate, usually washed once every 5 ~ 7 days.
For dry hair, choose mild and nutritious shampoo and hair care products, and for oily hair, choose shampoo products with stronger detergency. The correct method of washing hair is also very important for hair maintenance, which mainly includes the following steps: combing hair, washing hair with clear water, washing hair with shampoo, using conditioner, and absorbing moisture in hair with dry towel.
Use oil/kloc-0 once a week to care for dry hair and damaged hair, and replenish oil and moisture in hair. * * * Head 10~ 15 minutes every day, promoting blood circulation, supplying epidermal nutrition, and promoting the secretion of sebaceous glands and sweat glands.
Use a small amount of olive oil after shampooing. Neutral hair 10~ 15 should be oiled once, and the head should be oiled * * * 3 times a week, every time 10~ 15 minutes. After shampooing, a small amount of hair cream should be used.
Trimming hair When the hair grows to a certain length, the ends of the hair will split and break easily. Regular pruning can avoid this phenomenon and keep your hair healthy and shiny. At the same time, regular pruning can also promote hair cell metabolism and hair growth.
Fluffy hair is an appendage of the skin. If the hair sticks to the scalp, it will affect the breathing and excretion of the skin, resulting in pathological phenomena of the scalp and hair. Beware of perm and over-frequency perm will damage the keratinocytes of hair, make hair dry, inelastic, and even split and break.
It is advisable to have a perm once every six months, and choose a curling iron core with a slightly larger diameter. The perm time should not be too long. A reasonable diet Hair is composed of cells, and the metabolism of cells needs a variety of nutrients. Therefore, a reasonable diet is an important factor in supplying hair nutrition.
Eggs.