It's not just the electricity. In fact, inadvertently, all kinds of resources in our family living environment have been quietly lost. In fact, we can save a lot of resources as long as the methods are proper. So how can my home save energy?
When the summer heat comes, on the one hand, the power supply is in a hurry, on the other hand, a lot of power is quietly wasted. In our daily life, which electricity slips away quietly under our eyes?
Many people are used to operating TV with remote control. To use the remote control, the power must always be on. You may not think that as long as the power is turned on, the picture tube of the TV will be preheated. Although many parts don't work, they consume electricity in vain.
Even if the power switch is turned off, as long as the plug is not unplugged, the TV will consume electricity. This situation of standby power consumption also exists in other electrical appliances. In a big city with more than 3 million households like Beijing, the average standby power consumption of each household is calculated at 1.5 watts, which wastes 1 100 million kwh a day and loses hundreds of millions of kwh a year. In fact, as long as we turn off the power, unplug the plug and move our fingers, we can save hundreds of millions of kwh. Why not?
In addition, different appliances have different power-saving methods.
Refrigerator is one of the biggest appliances in the home, and it can be said that it is a big power consumer in the home. If you don't know the characteristics of this guy, you will waste a lot of electricity.
The food in the refrigerator is not full. Because the power consumption of the refrigerator is directly related to the amount of food it contains, the more things it contains, the greater the load of the refrigerator and the more power it consumes. Moreover, there should be gaps between foods to facilitate cold air convection, speed up cooling, and achieve the purpose of saving electricity.
The refrigerator needs to control the small ambient temperature below one cubic meter, while the air conditioner needs to maintain the large space temperature of dozens of cubic meters, so it consumes much more energy. How can we maximize the cool and save electricity in hot summer?
After the air conditioner is used for a period of time, a lot of dust will accumulate on the filter screen. These dirty things hinder the air circulation and prevent the cold air from blowing out, and the cooling effect is poor. In this case, if the indoor temperature drops, the compressor will have to work longer and consume electricity. Therefore, cleaning the dust screen regularly can save electricity by about 30%.
In addition, the lower the temperature is set, the longer the air conditioner must run to reach this temperature, and the more power it consumes. Therefore, raising the cooling temperature of air conditioner by 1 Celsius can save electricity by more than 10%, and our bodies can hardly notice such a small temperature difference.
In fact, how to reduce the energy consumption of electrical appliances is also a problem that researchers have been exploring. An air conditioner without traditional freon as refrigerant is developed, which not only has high refrigeration efficiency, but also consumes less power. There is also an air conditioner without electricity, which can convert solar energy into electric energy for air conditioning operation. Although new and more energy-saving appliances are constantly emerging, the most important thing is that all of us start from the small things around us and form the habit of saving electricity.
In cities of China, especially large and medium-sized cities, the shortage of water resources is also an embarrassing problem. China's per capita water resources are only a quarter of the world average, but the water consumption is huge. Like Beijing, the per capita water consumption is four times the world average. So, don't think that saving water has nothing to do with you. A dripping faucet can leak 70 liters of water a day, which is 25 tons of water a year. In our life, such loopholes are not uncommon. Besides setting up water-saving consciousness, what other tricks can we use to save water?
In fact, it is easy to save water as long as we pay attention to the little things around us. For example, remove heavy oil stains from tableware, and don't wash it directly with detergent. Wipe clean with paper before cleaning, which can save more than half of the water.
When washing hands, washing in a basin saves more water than running water, and the same is true when washing vegetables and fruits or washing dishes. Continuous washing with the tap on is very water-consuming, and intermittent washing can save water. Save water and reuse it.
The washing machine at home consumes a lot of water. In order to save water, manufacturers and researchers have made great efforts to save water as much as possible on the premise of ensuring the cleanliness of clothes.
This inclined shape is not for beauty or originality, and the inclined plane design of 10 degree has its own reasons. After the washing drum is tilted 10 degree, its water level is relatively deep, which can achieve a large number of washing effects. So save water.
The program set by the washing machine is generally one wash and two rinses, and water is mainly spent on rinsing. If washing powder is not used, won't rinse water be saved?
This ultrasonic washing machine can send out 20,000 shock waves per second, which can "shake" the dirt on clothes. A special water electrolysis device is also installed in the washing machine, which can decompose water molecules in tap water into hydrogen ions and oxygen ions, and use the ions to decompose and adsorb stains and dust to clean clothes. Two-pronged, this washing machine without washing powder saves more than 30% water than ordinary washing machines.
Also, the water level of the washing machine should not be set too high, otherwise there will be no friction between clothes, and it will waste water if it is not cleaned.
In addition to washing machines, toilets are also a major household water user, accounting for about 35% of residents' water consumption. A family of three will wash away more than 3,000 liters of water a month.
Technicians have developed a new type of toilet, which only uses 4 liters of water each time, saving one-third to one-half of the water compared with the existing toilet.
Its water tank accumulates air while filling water, compresses the accumulated air by using the pressure in the water supply pipeline, and then pushes the water to flow into the bedpan at a higher speed. Different from the "pull" force of traditional sanitary ware, this new sanitary ware uses "push" force to discharge dirt, which has great impulse, so it can save water.
In fact, other domestic water can also be used to flush toilets. For example, after the last rinse, the clothes are washed clean, and the water discharged from the washing machine looks cleaner. Unfortunately, it flows directly into the sewer. There is also water such as washing your face and vegetables. It would be nice if it could be reused. Wu Hanping, an amateur inventor, developed a set of domestic water reuse device and obtained a national patent. He connected the sink in the kitchen, the basin in the bathroom and the water tank in the bathroom to a water storage tank. Clean water from the sink and basin enters the storage tank for flushing the toilet.
In a word, saving hydropower resources in the family can not only rely on the support of new technologies and products developed by researchers, but also require each of us to start from scratch. Simple and seemingly inconspicuous practices can actually play a great role. Don't underestimate these efforts, your contribution to everyone is included.
Article 1 In order to strengthen the management of water conservation, scientifically and rationally utilize water resources, and build a water-saving society, these Measures are formulated in accordance with the Water Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Measures of Beijing Municipality for Implementing the Water Law of People's Republic of China (PRC).
Article 2 These Measures shall apply to water conservation and water conservation management within the administrative area of this Municipality.
Article 3 This Municipality strictly saves water, uniformly allocates surface water, groundwater and reclaimed water according to the principle of planned water supply and quota management, gives play to the role of price in regulating water use, and adopts administrative, economic, engineering, scientific and technological measures to promote water conservation.
Article 4 People's governments at all levels shall establish a responsibility system for water conservation, incorporate water conservation into the national economic and social development plan, improve the socialized service system for water conservation, popularize new technologies, processes and equipment for water conservation, cultivate and develop water-saving industries, organize publicity activities for water conservation, and raise the awareness of water conservation in the whole society.
All units and individuals have the obligation to save water.
Article 5 The water administrative department of the Municipal People's Government (hereinafter referred to as the municipal water-saving administrative department) is responsible for the unified management and supervision of water conservation in the whole city.
The water conservation management department designated by the water administrative department of the district or county people's government and the district people's government without the water administrative department (hereinafter referred to as the water conservation management department of the district or county) shall be responsible for the supervision and management of water conservation within their respective administrative areas in accordance with the prescribed authority.
The relevant departments of the municipal, district and county people's governments shall, in accordance with their respective responsibilities, be responsible for the work related to water conservation within their respective administrative areas.
Sixth units and individuals that have made outstanding contributions to water conservation and water conservation management shall be commended and rewarded by the municipal, district and county people's governments.
Units and individuals that have made outstanding achievements in the research and development of water-saving science and technology and the creation of water-saving society, water-saving units and water-saving communities shall be commended and rewarded by the municipal, district and county water-saving management departments.
Individuals who have made remarkable achievements in the popularization and application of water-saving science and technology and water-saving management shall be commended and rewarded by their units.
Seventh municipal water-saving management department shall prepare the city's water-saving planning, and organize the implementation after the approval of the Municipal People's government.
District and county water-saving management departments shall, according to the city's water-saving planning, prepare the water-saving planning of their respective administrative areas, and organize the implementation after being approved by the people's government at the same level.
Article 8 The municipal administrative department of development and reform shall, jointly with the municipal water-saving management department and other relevant departments, formulate a catalogue of investment projects and a catalogue of restricted development projects in this Municipality according to the water resources situation, so as to restrict backward development and high water consumption of industrial, agricultural and service projects.
Article 9 The water quota for product production and service in relevant industries in this Municipality shall be formulated by the competent departments of relevant industries in this Municipality and submitted to the municipal water-saving management department and the municipal quality supervision and inspection administrative department for examination and approval; There is no industrial water quota in charge of the industry, which is formulated by the municipal water-saving management department and the municipal quality supervision and inspection administrative department.
Industry water quota by the Municipal People's government announced to the public.
Article 10 The water-saving management department shall, according to the annual water use plan, the water quota of relevant industries and the needs of users' life, production and operation, verify the water consumption index of users, and reach the relevant users under the water consumption index in the next year before 65438+February 3 1 day.
Before new water-using units and new water-using projects are put into use, they shall apply to the water-saving management department for verification of water use indicators.
Eleventh water units in the city migration, the original approved water indicators continue to be effective.
If water users need to transfer water use indicators within the territory of this Municipality, they shall go through the formalities for the transfer of water use indicators at the municipal or relevant district/county water-saving management departments in time.
Article 12 Water shall be metered.
Water supply units and users should install water metering facilities, and strengthen the inspection and daily maintenance of water metering facilities to ensure accurate measurement. If the water metering facilities are damaged, they shall be repaired or replaced in time.
For water users without water metering facilities, the water-saving management department shall order them to install within a time limit, and from the date of water intake, calculate the water intake according to the engineering design water intake capacity or the rated flow of water intake equipment during the whole operation period until the water metering facilities are installed.
Thirteenth water users have more than two types of water need to be priced differently, and water metering facilities should be installed according to different types of water.
If water users fail to install water metering facilities according to different water categories, the charges shall be calculated according to the highest standard of water price of the water category of the unit.
Fourteenth water users should use water according to the annual water consumption index issued by the water-saving management department; Excess water consumption, in addition to truthfully paying the water fee, by the water-saving management department according to the actual implementation of the unit's water price standards, according to the following multiples of the progressive increase fee:
More than 20% of the specified quantity (including the number) shall be charged according to the standard of double the water price; The part exceeding the prescribed amount by 20% to 40% (inclusive) shall be charged according to the standard of twice the water price; More than 40% of the specified amount is charged according to the standard of three times the water price.
Fifteenth water supply units and other units that directly take water from rivers, lakes or underground shall, in accordance with the requirements of water-saving management departments, timely and accurately submit the water supply situation or actual water consumption.
Sixteenth new construction, expansion and reconstruction of water-saving facilities should be designed, constructed and put into use at the same time as the main project.
When examining and approving the design scheme of a construction project, the planning administrative department shall solicit the opinions of the water-saving management department at the same level on the scheme of water-saving facilities; Planning and design units shall design water-saving facilities in accordance with national and municipal water-saving standards and norms; The construction drawing review unit shall strictly review the relevant contents of water saving.
After the completion of water-saving facilities, the construction unit shall report to the water-saving management department for acceptance. Without acceptance or unqualified acceptance, construction projects shall not be used, water-saving management departments shall not approve water use indicators, and water supply units shall not formally supply water.
Water-saving facilities include water appliances, processes, equipment, metering facilities, reclaimed water recycling system and rainwater collection and utilization system.
Seventeenth city housing demolition, demolition should be based on the demolition construction progress, and water supply units signed an agreement to stop water supply, clear water-saving management responsibility of the demolition construction site.
The water supply unit shall cooperate with the demolition construction progress and take timely measures to close the water supply pipeline at the demolition construction site.
Eighteenth industrial water users should adopt advanced technology, technology and equipment, increase the number of circulating water, improve the reuse rate of water. Production enterprises that use water as raw materials should adopt water-saving production techniques and technologies to reduce the loss of water resources.
Reclaimed water should meet the quality requirements of industrial water in the area covered by reclaimed water transmission and distribution pipelines.
Indirect cooling water should be recycled, and the recycling rate should not be less than 95%.
The water output of pure water production enterprises shall not be less than 70% of raw water.
Nineteenth municipal administrative departments of agriculture and forestry shall, jointly with relevant departments, adjust the layout of agricultural production and the structure of water use for forestry, animal husbandry and fishery according to the water resources situation of this Municipality.
The district and county people's governments shall, according to the water resources situation within their respective administrative areas, guide agricultural production and business units and individuals to rationally adjust the crop planting structure, develop efficient and water-saving agriculture, and limit and reduce the crop planting area with large water consumption and low efficiency.
Twentieth agricultural water should be metered and charged. In rural areas, villagers' domestic water, township enterprises' production water and irrigation water are gradually metered by installing separate water metering facilities.
Advanced water-saving irrigation methods such as pipeline water delivery, canal seepage prevention, sprinkler irrigation, micro-irrigation and drip irrigation should be adopted in farmland irrigation to improve the efficiency of water resources utilization.
Twenty-first agricultural wells are changed to non-agricultural purposes, and water users shall go through the formalities of change in the water-saving management department, re-check the water consumption index, and pay the price according to the new water use nature category.
Twenty-second green water to encourage the use of rainwater and reclaimed water that meet the water quality requirements, and gradually reduce the use of urban tap water.
Urban green space, trees and flowers should adopt sprinkler irrigation, micro irrigation, drip irrigation and other water-saving irrigation methods, strictly implement the landscaping irrigation system, and improve the efficiency of greening water use.
Rainwater or reclaimed water shall be used for landscape water and other municipal miscellaneous water in residential quarters and units, and tap water shall not be used.
Twenty-third car wash enterprises should build recycling water facilities. Car washing enterprises that have access to reclaimed water in the area covered by reclaimed water transmission and distribution pipelines should use reclaimed water.
Article 24 It is forbidden to produce and sell equipment and products with high water consumption that have been explicitly eliminated by the state, as well as water appliances that have not been certified as water-saving products and do not meet the water-saving standards of this Municipality.
The municipal water-saving management department shall, jointly with the municipal administrative department of quality supervision and inspection, confirm the List of Water-saving Appliances and the List of Water-using Appliances that have been explicitly eliminated, and announce them to the public.
Twenty-fifth water supply units should strengthen the maintenance and management of water supply pipe network, improve the monitoring and maintenance management level of water supply pipe network, and ensure that the leakage rate of water supply pipe network meets the national standards.
The public * * * water supply unit shall announce the emergency repair telephone number to the public, and shall timely repair it in case of failure.
Twenty-sixth water-saving management departments and relevant units shall establish real-time monitoring of water resources, optimal allocation of resources and water-saving information management system, and improve the water information statistics and reporting system.
When the water consumption of large units may exceed the water consumption index, the water-saving management department shall give an early warning.
Twenty-seventh water units should take measures to strengthen the management of water conservation and do the following work:
(a) to establish and improve the responsibility system for water conservation;
(two) to set up a special water-saving institution or designate a person to be responsible for water-saving work;
(three) the establishment of water records and statistical analysis of water use, clear water plan, water-saving objectives, water-saving measures, regular rational water use analysis or water balance test;
(four) to strengthen the daily maintenance and management of reclaimed water facilities;
(five) to carry out water conservation publicity.
Twenty-eighth news media should strengthen the propaganda work of water conservation, broadcast and publish public service advertisements for water conservation.
The administrative department of education shall incorporate the knowledge of water conservation into the contents of school education.
When receiving tourists, travel agencies should carry out water-saving publicity to improve tourists' awareness of water saving.
Hotels, theaters, stadiums and other public places should set up water-saving publicity slogans to publicize water-saving knowledge.
Twenty-ninth city to speed up the establishment of water-saving technology development and promotion system and water-saving equipment, water-saving appliances research and development and production system.
Relevant government departments should organize water-saving scientific and technological research and integrate water-saving scientific and technological resources.
Encourage units and individuals to develop water-saving domestic water appliances and water-saving technologies, processes, equipment and products.
Thirtieth units and individuals are encouraged to report the waste of water to the water-saving management department or the water-saving law enforcement department, and the relevant departments shall promptly investigate and deal with it after receiving the report.
The relevant departments that receive the report shall keep confidential the informants, and reward the informants who truthfully report and provide main clues and evidence for investigating and handling major water waste incidents.
Thirty-first water-saving management departments should strengthen the inspection of water metering facilities for units that directly take water from rivers, lakes or underground, and collect water resources fees on time. Water supply units should improve the water metering and table lookup system, accurately record water consumption, and collect water charges on time.
Water units and individuals shall cooperate with the staff of water-saving management departments and water supply units to look up the table and charge.
Thirty-second in violation of the provisions of these measures, the water-saving management department shall order it to stop the illegal act, make corrections within a time limit, and be punished according to the following provisions:
(a) water supply units and other units that directly take water from rivers, lakes or underground fail to submit or provide false information to the water-saving management department in time according to the regulations, and impose a fine of 1000 yuan;
(2) If the indirect cooling water is directly discharged or the recycling rate is less than 95%, a fine of 1000 yuan to 5000 yuan shall be imposed;
(3) If agricultural water is not measured or farmland irrigation is flooded, resulting in waste of water resources, a fine of 1 1,000 yuan shall be imposed;
(four) unauthorized changes in the use of agricultural wells, a fine of 20 thousand yuan to 6.5438 million yuan;
(five) the use of tap water in the landscape environment of residential quarters and units, and impose a fine of more than 5000 yuan 1000 yuan;
(six) water facilities, equipment and appliances in disrepair, malnutrition or mismanagement, resulting in waste of water, according to each 500 yuan fine;
(seven) users use water appliances that have been explicitly eliminated, and each set is fined 100 yuan;
(eight) unauthorized access to public water supply facilities, fire control facilities, a fine of 10000 yuan to 30000 yuan.
Article 33 In violation of the provisions of Article 14 of these measures, if water users fail to pay the progressive fare increase fee on time, the water-saving management department shall order them to make corrections within a time limit, and impose a late fee of two thousandths of the overdue part on a daily basis.
Article 34 In the process of urban house demolition, if the demolition person violates the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 17 of these Measures, fails to sign an agreement to stop water supply with the water supply unit or to carry out construction without authorization in accordance with the requirements of the agreement, resulting in serious waste of water resources, in addition to paying the corresponding fees, the water-saving management department shall impose a fine of more than 5 times the payable water fee/kloc-0.
Water supply units that, in violation of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 17 of these Measures, deliberately delay without justifiable reasons, fail to sign water cut-off agreements with residents, or fail to take water cut-off measures in time, resulting in waste of water resources, shall be ordered by the water-saving management department to make corrections, and be fined between 5,000 yuan and 65,438 yuan.
Thirty-fifth in the process of building construction, cutting off the public water supply pipeline or illegally occupying the public water supply pipeline causes waste of water resources, and the water-saving management department shall order it to make corrections and impose a fine of more than 1000 yuan 1000 yuan; If losses are caused, the responsible person shall compensate the losses according to law.
Thirty-sixth in violation of the provisions of the fourth paragraph of article eighteenth of these measures, the water production of pure water production enterprises is less than 70%, and the water-saving management department shall order it to make corrections within a time limit; If it fails to meet the standards within the time limit, its water consumption index shall be reduced; If the circumstances are serious, the water supply shall be stopped according to law.
Article 37 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of Article 24 of these measures, produces or sells water appliances that do not meet the water-saving standards of this Municipality shall be ordered by the administrative department of quality supervision and inspection or the administrative department for industry and commerce to stop production and sales according to the division of responsibilities, and shall be fined according to the standard that each set (set) is above 50 yuan 100 yuan.
Thirty-eighth the provisions of the administrative punishment power, the Municipal People's government decided to exercise by the city management and supervision organization, the city management and supervision organization punishment.
Article 39 These Measures shall come into force as of May 6, 2005. 1June, 986 13 Municipal People's Government issued "Incentive Measures for Urban Water Conservation in Beijing",1September, 988, 2 1 Municipal People's Government issued "Management Measures for Water-saving Facilities and Main Works of Construction Projects in Beijing",1989/kloc-0. 1989165438+1revised by Beijing Municipal Administration Committee on October 30th according to1Beijing Municipal People's Government on July 6th, 9941March 23rd, 9941.