Non-monetary assets refer to assets other than monetary assets, including inventories, fixed assets, intangible assets, equity investments and bond investments that are not prepared to be held until maturity. The most basic feature that distinguishes non-monetary assets from monetary assets is the economic benefits it will bring to enterprises in the future, that is, the monetary amount is not fixed or uncertain.
catalogue
Non-monetary assets
Basic definition of related projects
Existential form
Distribution of non-monetary assets in China
Tax related laws and regulations
The basic principle is to invest in inventory, machinery and equipment and non-monetary assets with real estate or intangible assets.
Basic definition of related projects
Existential form
Distribution of non-monetary assets in China
Tax related laws and regulations
The basic principle is to invest in inventory, machinery and equipment, real estate or intangible assets.
Expand and edit the non-monetary assets in this paragraph.
Basic definition
Non-monetary assets refer to assets other than monetary assets, including inventories, fixed assets, intangible assets, equity investments and bond investments that are not prepared to be held until maturity. The most basic feature of non-monetary assets different from monetary assets is that they will
Non-monetary assets
The economic benefits brought by enterprises, that is, the monetary amount, are neither fixed nor uncertain. For example, the main purpose of holding fixed assets is to use them in the process of production and operation, transfer their wear and tear value to the cost of products through depreciation, and then make profits through product sales. The economic benefits that fixed assets will bring to enterprises in the future, that is, the monetary amount, are not fixed or uncertain. Therefore, fixed assets belong to non-monetary assets.
Related projects
Generally speaking, the items listed in the balance sheet that belong to non-monetary assets include: equity investment, prepayments, inventories (materials in transit, raw materials, packaging materials, low-value consumables, inventory goods, entrusted processing materials, goods on consignment, goods delivered in installments, production costs), bond investments that are not ready to be held until maturity, fixed assets, engineering materials, projects under construction, intangible assets, etc. Edit the existing form of this paragraph.
Judging from the current economic history, there are three kinds of non-monetary assets in human economic history: they are non-monetary assets under primitive society or natural conditions; It is a non-monetary asset under the condition of underdeveloped market economy; It is a non-monetary asset under highly planned economy. Edit the distribution of non-monetary assets in China in this paragraph.
In China's non-monetary assets, it mainly includes several components: 1, and various state-owned enterprises, organs, institutions, troops and departments gradually formed since the founding of the People's Republic of China.
Non-monetary assets
The assets of the door are not included in the monetary assets or the part that is not fully monetized; 2. All kinds of intangible assets formed in China for a long time, such as reputation and brand, have not been paid enough attention, among them, especially some Chinese time-honored brands and time-honored brands. In addition, there are copyrights of historical documents in China. 3. Production and technical assets left over from history, including some buildings and projects of past dynasties; Assets of the Kuomintang government and capitalists, such as steel mills, confiscated before the founding of the People's Republic of China; In addition, it also includes some ancient technologies that have been passed down for thousands of years, such as ceramics, rice paper, brocade, Chinese medicine, qigong, food, handicrafts, performing arts, the use of historical celebrities such as Shaolin Temple and Confucius. These have not been baptized by marketization and are not measured by money; 4. Various infrastructures formed in past dynasties, such as reservoirs, irrigation facilities, roads, dense greening, etc. Many of them are formed under natural and economic conditions, and they are non-monetary assets without valuation; 5. Some foreign aid, imported technical equipment, knowledge, trained talents and other assets are off-balance sheet or idle, which are also non-monetary assets; 6. Statistical omission. Due to theoretical and institutional reasons, under the original statistical system in China, the total social assets counted are only a part of the actual total assets, and it is difficult to summarize the assets of a large number of informal organizations and individuals, or there is no statistical channel. In addition, due to the design limitation of statistical indicators, some assets formed under intangible production conditions or other forms of assets are not counted. Edit the tax clauses in this paragraph.
Since the reform and opening up, China's investment has been active, which has promoted the rapid development of the entire national economy and made remarkable achievements. However, in the process of investment, the loss of state tax revenue is more serious, especially when investors invest in non-monetary assets. There are many reasons for this tax loss, but one of the most important reasons is that investors or related personnel participate in investment.
Non-monetary assets
The tax laws and regulations are not well understood.
fundamental principle
Investors investing in foreign countries with non-monetary assets (including corporate shareholders of the joint-stock company buying shares from the joint-stock company with some non-monetary assets in his business activities) should be divided into two economic businesses, namely non-monetary assets and investment sold at fair value, for tax treatment, and relevant taxes (such as turnover tax and income tax) should be calculated and paid according to regulations. The cost of the above-mentioned non-monetary assets accepted by the invested enterprise can be determined according to the taxable value or the value confirmed by the assessment. Monetary assets refer to cash held in a fixed or determinable monetary amount and assets to be recovered, including cash, bank deposits, other monetary funds, notes receivable, accounts receivable, etc. Non-monetary assets refer to assets other than monetary assets, which are specifically divided into inventory, machinery and equipment, real estate, intangible assets and so on for the convenience of description. All units and individuals with investment rights can invest abroad and become investors. Investors can be divided into enterprises, individuals and other units with investment rights. Different investors and different assets invested by the same investor may involve different taxes. The following is a description of different types of non-monetary assets.
Take inventory to invest abroad.
Foreign investment by investors in inventory means that investors invest in goods (including raw materials, commodities, finished products and semi-finished products, etc.). ), and the related taxes involved are as follows: 1. The turnover tax involved "Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Provisional Regulations on Value-added Tax" stipulates in Article 4 that "the goods produced, processed or purchased by oneself shall be provided to other units or individual operators as investment". Therefore, investors investing in foreign countries with inventory should be subject to value-added tax, and if they are within the scope of consumption tax, they should also be subject to consumption tax. The time when the tax obligation occurs is the day when the goods are transferred. If the price is obviously low without justifiable reasons, the competent tax authorities have the right to verify the sales of goods deemed to be sold. The sequence and method of verification are as follows: (1) According to the average sales price of similar goods of the taxpayer in the current month; (2) According to the average selling price of similar goods sold by the taxpayer on the latest day; (3) If the above two methods cannot determine the sales amount, the sales amount can be determined according to the composition of taxable value. The formula is: component taxable value = cost *( 1+ cost profit rate) belongs to goods subject to consumption tax, and consumption tax should be added to the component taxable value. The calculation formula is: component taxable value = cost *( 1+ cost profit rate)+consumption tax amount or: component taxable value = cost *( 1+ cost profit rate) ÷( 1- consumption tax rate) If the investor is a general VAT taxpayer, a special VAT invoice can be issued to accept the investor as required. 2. The inventory of foreign investment involved in investor income tax shall be decomposed into fair value in investment transactions.
Non-monetary assets
Tax treatment shall be carried out on the value of sales inventory and investment business, and the gains and losses of asset transfer shall be calculated and confirmed according to regulations, and income tax shall be paid. Investors who are individuals, individual industrial and commercial households or other investment units (such as sole proprietorship and partnership private enterprises) who should pay personal income tax should pay income tax according to the provisions of "personal income tax", specifically: individuals should pay income tax according to "income from property transfer"; Investors other than individuals shall be subject to income tax according to the income from the production and operation of individual industrial and commercial households. If the investor is an enterprise or other investment unit other than the above, the enterprise income tax shall be paid in accordance with the enterprise income tax law or the income tax law for foreign-invested enterprises and foreign enterprises. If it is difficult to realize enterprise income tax payment within one tax year due to the large amount of income from investment transfer, it can be used as a deferred revenue to spread the taxable income of each year in the current period of investment transaction and not more than five tax years thereafter. The cost of the above-mentioned inventory accepted by the invested enterprise can be determined according to the taxable value. 3. Other tax investors involved should also pay stamp duty according to the agreed investment amount or actual investment amount, and pay urban maintenance and construction tax and education surcharge according to the actual turnover tax (such as value-added tax, consumption tax and business tax).
Foreign investment in machinery and equipment
Foreign investment by investors in machinery and equipment means that investors invest in machinery and equipment they have purchased or used, and the relevant taxes and fees involved are as follows: 1. Taxpayers involved in turnover tax in selling second-hand goods (including old business units selling second-hand goods and taxpayers selling taxable fixed assets used by them), whether it is a general VAT taxpayer or a small-scale taxpayer, and whether it is an approved second-hand goods transfer pilot unit or not, VAT is levied at the rate of 4% and cannot be deducted. Taxpayers selling used motor vehicles, motorcycles and yachts for which consumption tax is levied, if the price exceeds the original value, the value-added tax shall be levied at a reduced rate of 4%; If the selling price does not exceed the original value, the value-added tax shall be exempted. Business units selling used motor vehicles, motorcycles and yachts shall be subject to VAT at a reduced rate of 4%. Articles used by individuals (excluding individual operators) are exempt from value-added tax, except motorcycles, yachts and cars subject to consumption tax. Of course, the above provisions apply to investors' foreign investment with machinery and equipment as sales. Therefore, different investors should pay taxes according to the above provisions, and if they fall within the scope of consumption tax, they should also collect consumption tax according to regulations. Investors investing in foreign countries with new unused machinery and equipment shall be subject to VAT at a rate of 4%, and the input tax shall not be deducted. 2. The income tax provisions for investors' foreign investment in machinery and equipment are basically the same as those for foreign investment in inventory. The cost of the above-mentioned machinery and equipment accepted by the invested enterprise can be determined according to the taxable value or the value confirmed by evaluation, and depreciation is accrued. 3. Other taxes involved are basically the same as investors' foreign investment with inventory.
Overseas investment with real estate or intangible assets
Foreign investment by investors in real estate or intangible assets refers to the real estate in which investors have property rights.
Non-monetary assets
(including the ownership of real estate such as buildings, structures and land attachments) or intangible assets (the ownership or use right of intangible assets such as land use right, trademark right, patent right and non-patented technology), the relevant taxes and fees involved are as follows: 1 The turnover tax investors involved invest in shares with real estate or intangible assets, participate in the profit distribution of the donee, and share the investment risks, so business tax is not levied. However, in the case of equity transfer, according to the Notes on Business Tax Items (Trial Draft) (Guo Shui Fa [1993] 149) and the subsequent Notice on Business Tax Related to Equity Transfer (Cai Shui [2002] 19 1), (2) If it is transferred before June 65438+1 October12003, business tax shall be levied according to regulations, and if it is not paid, the tax shall be paid. If an investor invests in shares with real estate or intangible assets and collects fixed profits instead of sharing risks with investors, business tax shall be levied according to the following two situations: (1) If an investor invests in shares with real estate or land use rights and collects fixed profits, it belongs to the business of transferring sites and houses to others for use, and business tax shall be levied according to the "leasing industry" item in the tax item of "service industry"; (2) Where intangible assets such as trademark rights, patents and non-patented technologies are invested in shares and receive fixed profits, it is an act of transferring the right to use intangible assets, and business tax shall be levied according to the tax item of "transferring intangible assets". 2. The income tax investors involved in investing in stocks with real estate or intangible assets are basically the same as those involved in investing in stocks abroad. The cost of the above-mentioned real estate or intangible assets accepted by the invested enterprise can be determined according to the confirmed value, and the amortization amount can be calculated. 3. If other tax-related investors invest in land (real estate) at a fixed price or as a joint venture condition, the land value-added tax will be temporarily exempted. However, investment or joint venture to transfer the above-mentioned real estate belongs to the scope of land appreciation; In addition, the recipient enterprise shall pay deed tax as required. In addition to the above, other taxes involved are basically the same as investors' foreign investment with inventory.