The manufacturing industry in the United States only accounts for 10% of the total economy, but the total scale is still very large. In 20 19, the total GDP of the United States reached 2 1 trillion dollars, even if it was only 10%, it reached 2 trillion dollars. This total scale is still ranked second in the world, second only to China's total manufacturing, and still significantly higher than Japanese and German. How can the economic advantages accumulated by the United States for many years easily collapse at once?
After World War II, the United States successfully carried out three industrial transformations. In the process of transformation, the manufacturing industry gradually went overseas, because many manufacturing industries were low-end manufacturing industries, and the meager profit margin could not survive in the United States. So since the 1970s, the United States began to put low-end manufacturing into other countries in the world for production. In the 1990s, more and more industrial products manufacturing industries moved to overseas production. China has retained more high-end manufacturing and high-tech industries. This method and thinking are actually correct, but the premise is that countries with American factories overseas should continue to have friendly relations with the United States.
In the 1970s and 1990s, the United States actually had many international allies and friends. So it is no problem to set up factories overseas. However, with the increasingly negative policies of the United States in recent years, the internal political pattern has become more and more chaotic. The United States finally found that once an extreme event occurs, there will be a big problem in the supply of materials in the United States. The black swan incident that happened this spring has continued to this day. At first, all kinds of materials were in short supply, including masks, protective clothing and ventilators. These materials are all overseas, but after the international logistics chain breaks, they cannot be shipped back to the United States. Second, the producing countries do not have any spare materials to support the United States. As a result, the United States cannot organize effective material operations.
Now the United States has realized this problem and is urgently guiding enterprises and production lines to return to China. But in a country with a complete market economy, this guiding force is extremely weak. Enterprises should start from the perspective of operating profit. If they move back to the United States, the labor cost is high, and the profits that enterprises can't earn in production and sales can't be moved away. Doesn't moving back to the United States mean that poorly managed enterprises are on the verge of extinction? So this is, er, a big problem facing the US government.
In fact, in a country in the late stage of industrialization, the industrial output value ratio of 123 has changed greatly. The tertiary industry, that is, the service industry, will occupy an increasing proportion. And the manufacturing industry will drop lower and lower, and the United States is a typical example. This trend cannot be reversed. No matter how the United States introduces various guiding policies, it is difficult to reverse this trend.
However, the United States still leads the world in high-end manufacturing and technology industries. This makes the economic influence of the United States still occupy a pivotal position in the international arena. The overall strategy of the United States is not to plunder the world with high-end manufacturing and high-tech industries, so that countries around the world can supply it with low-end industrial products and other materials.
But let's think about it. If America is the enemy of the whole world, everyone will cut off contact with America. The United States only has high-end manufacturing and high-tech industries, and it is also facing the situation of not having enough to eat and not wearing warm clothes. Therefore, the prerequisite for the success of this strategy of the United States is that it must applaud the people all over the world and maintain friendly exchanges with other countries in the world, so that it can continue to succeed.
The more rational the better.
It is necessary to comment on a country with the largest economic aggregate in the world, and its industry is hollow. We should have a full understanding that there is a reason for the hollowing out of American industries, and it cannot be simply called "external strength is hollow".
This is because only countries with strong comprehensive strength can make the total economic output rank first in the world. We should not underestimate the industrial strength of the United States.
The powerful capabilities of the United States in aerospace, computer, chemical industry and military industry show its internal force and connotation as a global manufacturing power.
There is a view that American industry is seriously hollowed out. This view is based on the proportion of added value of American manufacturing industry to GDP. According to the data of 20 19, the added value of American manufacturing industry accounts for only 1 1.4% of GDP. Of course, the total GDP of the United States ranks first in the world, and 1 1.4% under the huge base is still a formidable figure.
The United States attaches great importance to the technological innovation ability of top industries, so technology and service industry have become the greatest advantages of the United States. Of course, the United States is also aware of the importance of industrial chain integrity. Since the subprime mortgage crisis in 2008, it has been advocating the return of manufacturing industry.
The hollowing out of American industry is actually caused by itself. In 1970s, developed countries such as Europe and America have been committed to the process of "deindustrialization", transferring low-end manufacturing industries to other underdeveloped countries.
In fact, it is not so easy for the United States to change the status quo of the service industry supporting GDP. This is the same thing as promoting the return of manufacturing industry.
Hello, there is no industry hollowing out in America. The United States firmly controls the world's high-end manufacturing industry and transfers the low-end manufacturing industry to developing countries. This is the fundamental reason why the United States is still strong.
On the surface, the low-end outward migration of the United States is like the hollowing out of industries. In fact, the core technology is in our own hands, just as the United States is the best proof of Huawei's "stuck neck".
First, the service industry accounts for 80% of the tertiary industry in the United States, and the industry is only 19. 1%, and GDP is still the highest in the world. Although the tertiary industry in the United States accounts for 80%, the industrial output value of the United States is as high as 3.7 trillion US dollars, which is quite terrible.
It is true that the United States has done relatively little in low-end industries, but this should not be considered as representing the hollowing out of the United States.
The United States spends a lot of money on scientific research every year, and then produces high value-added products, or directly collects patent fees from the world.
American industry is intensive, such as the production of Boeing aircraft. In fact, it is not a simple assembly, but a collection of thousands of local American parts manufacturers.
Second, the GDP of the United States is still the first, and its influence is still so great. Here is 1. Many Fortune 500 companies in the United States have core technologies in all walks of life, such as IBM and Intel in the field of electronics and DuPont in the field of chemistry.
High-tech products produced in the United States have high added value, which in turn can increase profits and promote GDP growth.
2. The United States issues trillions of treasury bonds every year, and the scale of US debt has exceeded 22 trillion.
U.S. Treasury bonds are favored by American allies and developing countries because of their good liquidity and high yield. The United States is equivalent to issuing national debt and using the funds borrowed from the world for domestic investment and construction, which undoubtedly makes its national development stronger.
The United States has mastered the core technology and transferred the basic production to Southeast Asia, because the labor cost and raw materials there are relatively low.
In other words, the United States earned the main profits of manufacturing products, which enabled a large number of American enterprises to maximize profits. This is the best example of America, and everyone knows it.
In short, the so-called hollowing out in the United States can only be said to lie in low-end manufacturing. In fact, in the high-tech industry, the United States not only has not hollowed out, but also has mastered the core technology, which is also the reason why the United States has a strong influence. This is my opinion. Thank you.
Some people think that American industry has been hollowed out for two main reasons: first, the service industry accounts for 80% of the tertiary industry in the United States, and the industry is only 19. 1%. Obviously, American industrial manufacturing now accounts for less than 20% of GDP. At the same time, since the subprime mortgage crisis in 2008, the United States has been advocating the return of manufacturing, but failed to achieve its goal. Second, with the outbreak of the epidemic, the domestic manufacturing industry in the United States had to import a large number of simple masks, protective clothing and ventilators from abroad. Doesn't that mean that the manufacturing industry in the United States is "strong outside and dry inside" and is gradually declining?
In fact, although the tertiary service industry in the United States accounts for 80% and the labor force is only 19. 1%, the industrial output value of the United States is as high as 3.7 trillion US dollars, which is quite terrible. At present, the GDP of many countries in the world is still far from this figure, and the GDP of India, which ranks fifth in the world, is only 2.85 trillion US dollars. In addition, the US military expenditure is as high as 700 billion US dollars, and American arms must be purchased from its domestic military enterprises. In the industrial output value of the United States, arms production is also a big part.
So why do many people think that American manufacturing has been hollowed out? This is mainly because the manufacturing of low-end industries in the United States is really less. This is mainly because since China's entry into WTO, European and American countries have given low-end manufacturing to developing countries such as China or Southeast Asia for production, while they are committed to developing high-tech industries. Strictly speaking, the United States has not hollowed out high-end manufacturing, and American industries are high-density. For example, the production of Boeing aircraft is not a simple assembly, but a collection of thousands of local parts manufacturers in the United States. The hollowing out of American industry is mainly in the field of low-end manufacturing.
In fact, European and American countries put low-end manufacturing in China, which has certain considerations. Take Apple's mobile phone as an example. The main chip manufacturing, operating system development and component design are all completed in the United States, while the processing and manufacturing of mobile phone accessories are arranged in South Korea and Japan. Finally, all components are assembled by Foxconn in China, because the assembly line operation requires a lot of cheap labor. In this way, every time Apple sells a mobile phone, it will make a lot of money, while Korean component manufacturers earn 100 dollars, and Foxconn assembly enterprises only earn 4-4.5 dollars. Therefore, putting low-end manufacturing outside the United States has really made American high-tech enterprises earn a lot of money.
Although the United States has put low-end manufacturing in developing countries represented by China. However, American nuclear technology is still in our own hands. Many Fortune 500 companies in the United States have core technologies in all walks of life, such as IBM and Intel in the field of electronics and DuPont in the field of chemistry. High-tech products produced in the United States have high added value, which in turn can increase profits and promote GDP growth. In addition, the United States invests a lot of money in scientific research every year and introduces a large number of high-tech talents from all over the world, making it always at the forefront of world science and technology.
In all fairness, the so-called hollowing out in the United States can only be said to be in low-end manufacturing, with weak production capacity. In the high-tech industry, the United States not only has not hollowed out, but also has mastered a large number of core technologies. At the same time, the United States also invests a lot of money in high-tech research every year and introduces a large number of talents to the world. Of course, due to the international division of labor, it is unrealistic for the United States to really want the low-end manufacturing industry to return to the mainland completely, and also because of the impact of labor and raw material costs.
Everyone knows that China is now the largest manufacturing country, so who knows who is the second largest manufacturing country? This is America. America has never given up its industry.
As a country that has developed for more than 200 years, the United States understands the truth of an industrial power better than anyone else.
Since the end of World War II, the United States has produced a warship every three days and an aircraft carrier every seven days, producing a total of 130 aircraft and 100 tanks. This kind of industrial capability can be achieved by several countries even today. Even if the United States fails ten times like Pearl Harbor on the battlefield, it will still win in the end, while Japan fails once and it will eventually fail.
Let's talk about the hollowing out of American industries, which is related to the statistical caliber of GDP. The current statistics include the sales of locally produced goods. This does not represent the real manufacturing capacity. For example, in China, the mobile phones produced by Apple in China are included in China's GDP.
And if calculated from the perspective of GNP, the United States is the first in manufacturing.
From the perspective of GDP, it is wrong to think that American industry has been hollowed out because the proportion of American service industry is too high. In fact, so far, the United States still firmly grasps the core of manufacturing. Most of the cutting-edge technologies and the world's top manufacturing technologies are still mastered by Americans.
The manufacturing industries transferred from the United States are all low-end manufacturing industries, while the high-end Internet, chip technology and precision machining are still in the United States. In the late World War II, the US dollar became the global settlement currency, which inevitably led to the development of the financial industry. The service industry occupied the living space of the manufacturing industry, and the low value-added manufacturing industry inevitably moved outward, forming a superficial industrial hollowing out!
In the early days of the People's Republic of China, the United States determined how to give up industry with the strategy of industrial power. Now the hollowing out is just a representation. If the United States wants to reshape its manufacturing industry, it can take shape in a very short time, so that the industries of developing countries are backward. This is not a problem at all.
Most countries in the world understand this truth. The United States ranks first not only in manufacturing, but also in military and science and technology, and its economic growth ranks first in developed countries. How can this state have no effect!
Yes, there is indeed industrial hollowing out in the United States. Judging from the current figures, the added value of American manufacturing industry only accounts for about 10% of GDP. Compared with manufacturing powers such as Germany and Japan, this ratio is half as important. Compared with China, which is in the process of industrialization, it is even lower, and China has exceeded 30%.
However, compared with Canada, Britain and Australia, the industrial hollowing out in the United States is not so serious. The added value of manufacturing industry in the above countries has fallen below 8% of GDP.
There are two important reasons for the hollowing out of American industry, but the impact on the world is still so great.
First, although the manufacturing industry in the United States only accounts for 10%, the scale is still quite large. Its GDP is as high as 2 1 trillion dollars, and even if it is only 10%, it will reach 2 trillion dollars. This scale still ranks second in the world, significantly higher than Japan and Germany. Japan's GDP is only 5 trillion, even if manufacturing accounts for 20%, it is only 1 trillion dollars, only half of that of the United States.
We should not only see the appearance that the proportion of American manufacturing industry is only 10%, but also see how big it is. Scale is the real influence, and proportion can't reflect the real influence.
Second, American manufacturing stands at the top of the global industrial chain. From the perspective of added value, manufacturing can be divided into high-end manufacturing, mid-end manufacturing and low-end manufacturing. There is no doubt that the manufacturing industry in the United States is a high-end manufacturing industry with high added value. For example, the US military industry produces fighter planes, missiles, warships and submarines. Another example is the chemical industry. There are world-class companies like Monsanto and DuPont in the United States, which are in an oligopoly position in the international industry. For example, civil aircraft, Boeing of the United States accounts for nearly half of the global market share of large aircraft. As long as the United States enters the manufacturing industry, it is basically at the top of the world and has mastered the core technology, so it has a considerable voice in the same industry.
Because the reason why the United States is hollowed out is to seize high-tech and high-profit finance. Although the industry has moved abroad, the profits of the industry are still there. So the economy is still developing very well. In addition, there is a strong military force, which can not only guarantee overseas interests, but also seize the upstream hegemony of resources and industrial chains. Therefore, hollowing out can not reduce the comprehensive strength of the United States, but the phenomenon of division of labor in the global industrial chain.
So we can't imagine that the hollowing out of American industry will reduce the influence of the United States. What really determines the decline of American national strength is the decline of high-tech level and the collapse of dollar credibility. Will lead to a decline in military strength and influence in the world.
Of course, the hollowing out of industry has a great influence on a country. The reason is that when a country is challenged by war or epidemic, it will make a country collapse quickly. Because these two things will make globalization localized and the industrial chain will automatically break. Even with high technology and a sound financial industry. Without a complete local industrial chain, it is a dead chess game! Therefore, it is pandemics and world wars that make the United States collapse!
American national policy is a typical focus, not everything.
The national system of the United States allows his government to focus only on the key points, not everything.
What's the point? That is the high-tech industry and energy industry, as well as finance.
Although the United States has been hollowed out in industry, it still has strong control, even the only control, in the high-tech field.
For example, the current Internet is basically based on the American platform, using the American system at that time. And the chip problem of Carvalway's neck this time, let us see the strong position of the United States in high-tech industry.
The second aspect is to control the energy industry. Let's analyze a very strange problem first. In fact, Saudi Arabia is also a hereditary Islamic country or a monarchy country, which is obviously different from American values. But why do Americans support Saudi Arabia but attack Iran? The reason is that Saudi Arabia has always been a staunch supporter of linking the dollar to oil. But both Iran and Venezuela are skeptical about this constitution.
Many people may not understand the great benefits of linking the world's largest commodity to their own currencies. Actually, let's give the simplest example. Everyone wants oil, so no one will refuse dollars linked to oil. Then, the profits of intermediate exchanges and other businesses are not limited to these. This is also the reason why the United States insists that Germany suspend the Beixi River project, cut off the EU's oil and gas imports from Russia, and ensure its leading position in the energy industry.
Of course, the United States has now realized the huge problems caused by industrial hollowing out, so Trump has been calling for the return of manufacturing since he took office. The whole manufacturing industry chain is also China's greatest advantage.
Theoretically, we can't be impregnable, but we can use it to reflect what we see from each other. Squeeze, cheat, foam, shine, shine! The development of things will be upgraded and released to achieve common development. Change nature! * * * To Tao, the actual construction effect. Benevolence for benevolence is eye-catching. It is clear at a glance to formulate a fair and just transition system. Create a lifelong job and climb the road! Save money, labor and health will benefit. * * * Get married, start a business together, manage capital and live the same life. Develop new energy sources, reduce pollution, provide quality for the environment and turn benefits into safety. Development should take the group as a unit and provide joint international operation of capital and production. Scientific principle: health brings happiness. Human beings have the right to live. Reflect the financial situation! According to * * * and natural endowment, in order to bring the fruits of healthy ethical changes to the reasons for repeated employment. * * * Sharing is set as the public interest of mankind, which is the way to save and put scientific research into practice! Do what you want to do and do what others want to do at the same time. To the extreme, now I have to pay for the Olympic Games! * * * Making good use of energy is a matter of quantity. * * * Harmonious society, healthy life and happy moral industry system. Change everything in the * * * hair zone! When workers, peasants and businessmen get along, the scientific research industry must exist, manage and lead the way. When * * * happens, the system will increase, and peace * * * keeps things alive. * * * Hair and beauty are lifelong attachment. If human beings ran the earth naturally, they would be put in the present position. With storage and ball source! The scope of development is widely used as the source, and the resources are mutually beneficial, benefiting the people through authoritarian regeneration. Re-establishing a profitable scientific research system will lead the trend! Not to touch the ball and the next life. Get the equipment, get the goods, get the health, get the production capacity and make money! Flexible employment and property consumption. Seeing that the classics are becoming more and more popular, there is no money to knot. * * * Make a special list of health education to ensure that the topics are easy to obtain, and the results of scientific research regeneration are transformed into resources and resources. 2009200642385 Leading resources * * * Developing natural health.
The United States has established its absolute superiority in politics, military affairs, science and technology, culture and economy. Since the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the world has entered the era of American dynasty. Those who follow me prosper and those who oppose me die, and the American emperor plays incisively and vividly. Most countries became vassals and were protected by tributes. A few resisters were suppressed on all sides, or tottering, or trapped inside and outside. As the hegemonism of American imperialism intensifies, it can be predicted that it will be difficult for challengers to appear in the next few hundred years.