Although state-owned enterprises have made great achievements in independent innovation in recent years, they have made outstanding contributions to improving China's comprehensive national strength and building an innovative country. However, state-owned industrial enterprises in general have not yet completely shaken off the extensive growth model of high input, high consumption, low output, and low efficiency. They generally face serious problems such as high energy consumption and overcapacity. Most state-owned enterprises lack key technologies with independent intellectual property rights, lack core competitiveness, and are at a disadvantage in the global industrial chain; they are highly dependent on foreign technology, with key technologies, large complete sets of equipment, core components, and important foundations in some fields Parts and key new materials, including many means of production and daily necessities related to the national economy and people's livelihood, still rely heavily on imports. Compared with some multinational companies and advanced private enterprises, state-owned enterprises have a large gap in independent innovation concepts, awareness and management, and an innovation-driven connotative growth model has not yet been truly formed. Under the new normal, it is urgent to accelerate the improvement of the independent innovation capabilities of state-owned enterprises so that they can play a leading role in transforming the economic development model, maintaining growth, and adjusting structure.
Improve the innovation-oriented operator selection, appointment and incentive assessment mechanism of state-owned enterprises
The pursuit of maximizing self-interest by business operators is the internal driving force for independent innovation of state-owned enterprises. To this end, it is necessary to reform and improve the assessment and evaluation system for state-owned enterprise operators, and increase incentives for independent innovation, thereby stimulating the innovation enthusiasm of state-owned enterprise operators.
Although some state-owned enterprises have outstanding performance in independent innovation under the existing system and incentive mechanism, this is not universal. For all state-owned enterprises, the only effective guarantee that can sustainably promote their independent innovation is a series of scientific and reasonable incentive system arrangements, mainly the assessment and evaluation system and salary system for state-owned enterprise operators and major innovative talents. Relevant departments should include the scientific and technological innovation input and output performance of industrial state-owned enterprises as important contents into the assessment and evaluation index system of their operators, and combine the independent innovation contributions of business managers and R&D personnel to enterprises, industries, and the country with their long-term interests and Link to honor and establish a long-term mechanism to reward the good and punish the bad. The assessment of independent innovation of state-owned enterprises can be carried out by establishing a series of indicator systems to measure the contribution rate of technological innovation to the enterprise. The key to the effectiveness of the assessment mechanism lies in the scientific construction of the indicator system used for measurement. The setting of evaluation indicators should be flexible, and different evaluation indicators should be set for different types of state-owned enterprises. It is necessary to combine the principle of party management of cadres with market-based selection and recruitment, openly recruit state-owned enterprise operators from the whole society, and innovate the selection and employment mechanism. Establish a dynamic employment mechanism of "up and down, competitive recruitment" to provide institutional guarantee for building a high-quality operator team. Considering that state-owned enterprise operators have limited terms of office, and innovation investment cycles are long, results are slow, and risks are high, it is necessary to treat reasonable investment in scientific and technological research and development as profits during assessment, so that enterprise operators can eliminate their worries.
Create a market economic system in which state-owned enterprises survive the fittest and fair competition
Fair and full market competition, as well as reasonable rights and excess profits brought by independent innovation, are the key to independent innovation of state-owned enterprises. external motivation. As long as state-owned enterprises still have power rent-seeking and resource monopoly, and have special qualifications to obtain production factors at low cost, most state-owned enterprises will not work hard to innovate independently. Because innovation always has huge potential risks, on the one hand it requires high investment, on the other hand it not only fails to obtain corresponding returns in the short term, but may also face failure. Especially when the legal system is imperfect and patent protection is improper, the "good money" of innovators is often eliminated by the "bad money" of imitators.
In a market environment of fair competition, the basic driving force for independent innovation of enterprises comes from their desire for innovation. This desire is spontaneous and strong, because without innovation, enterprises will not be able to survive, let alone develop. , the higher the level of independent innovation of an enterprise, the more likely it is to remain invincible and gain innovation benefits.
It can be seen that to improve the independent innovation capabilities of state-owned enterprises, on the one hand, we must create a market environment of fair competition, on the other hand, we must break the unreasonable and unnecessary monopoly position of state-owned enterprises, introduce a competition mechanism, and allow state-owned enterprises to There are opportunities for full competition between enterprises and state-owned enterprises, and between state-owned enterprises and non-state-owned enterprises, making independent innovation an inevitable choice for state-owned enterprises. Strengthening the construction of market systems, emphasizing the role of market competition, and strengthening the optimal allocation of technological innovation resources in state-owned enterprises can achieve the goals of minimum consumption, maximum efficiency, and maximum benefits.
Innovative state-owned enterprises should actively participate in market competition, especially competition in the international market, by virtue of their innovative strength. Since state-owned enterprises occupy key industries that are the lifeline of my country's national security and national economy, their unique industry monopoly determines the monopoly profits of the enterprises. As an innovative state-owned enterprise, only by proactively enhancing its innovation strength in market competition can it form a lasting and indestructible competitive advantage.
Further increasing investment in R&D and improving the efficiency of the use of R&D funds
Further increasing investment in R&D funds and improving the efficiency of using R&D funds are important guarantees for improving the independent innovation capabilities of state-owned enterprises. For a long time, Chinese enterprises have insufficiently invested in R&D funds, with per capita R&D expenditures only 1.2% of the United States and 1.1% of Japan. The proportion of R&D expenditures of large and medium-sized industrial enterprises in their sales revenue has been less than 1% for many years, while it has reached 2.5% to 4% in major developed countries. Currently, national science and technology policies encourage enterprises to increase investment in independent innovation, and state-owned enterprises should take the lead in this regard. State-owned industrial enterprises should actively establish a special fund system for R&D and a long-term mechanism for sustained and stable growth of R&D investment to ensure that the level of R&D innovation investment continues to increase with the development of the enterprise. State-owned enterprises should further expand the sources of funds for R&D investment. In addition to accumulating their own funds, they should also widely absorb scientific and technological R&D support funds from various channels such as government subsidies, capital markets, banks, and venture funds, etc., to provide support for raising funds for independent innovation and scientific research. Broader funding channels. At the same time, we will continue to promote cooperation with the financial sector. By strengthening international independent innovation technology cooperation, enterprises can obtain funds for independent innovation from international cooperation and establish and improve a diversified, multi-form, and multi-level technological innovation investment mechanism.
When increasing investment in capital quantity, the improvement of capital utilization efficiency cannot be ignored. To this end, state-owned enterprises must first improve their soft power in scientific research and development and improve their ability to promptly identify risks and discover market opportunities; second, they must increase the industrialization rate of scientific and technological achievements and strengthen the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into real productivity, such as strengthening scientific research Integrate with the market, increase capital investment, improve industrial management capabilities, etc.
Integrate domestic and foreign innovation resources to promote collaborative innovation between state-owned enterprises and private enterprises
Independent innovation does not mean closed-door innovation. Integrating domestic and foreign innovation resources is an important step for state-owned enterprises to enhance independent innovation. necessary means of competence. State-owned enterprises must comply with the development trends and requirements of economic globalization, promote equal and mutually beneficial international scientific and technological cooperation and exchanges, actively participate in international science plans, and introduce, digest and absorb advanced scientific and technological achievements on a larger scale and at a higher level.
Specifically, state-owned enterprises can integrate and utilize international innovation resources by participating in international cooperative research, setting up overseas R&D institutions, merging and acquiring foreign technology companies, purchasing foreign advanced technology, hiring foreign experts, etc. to make up for the shortage. Insufficient in oneself. State-owned enterprises must take the initiative to conduct innovative technology research and development and major research and development through collaborative innovation. Collaborative innovation can be carried out between upstream and downstream enterprises within the same industry, or between different industries. Through various methods such as establishing enterprise technological innovation alliances and building enterprise technological innovation R&D platforms, innovative resources can be connected and shared to provide strong support for technological innovation of state-owned enterprises. For example, large manufacturing enterprises such as Anshan Iron and Steel Group Corporation, relying on the University of Science and Technology Beijing and Northeastern University, have joined forces with Shanghai University and other universities, and research institutes such as the General Institute of Iron and Steel Research to establish a collaborative innovation center for advanced steel technologies, dedicated to advanced steel varieties. Research and development to develop steel varieties that the country urgently needs is a better attempt.
State-owned enterprises should actively strengthen cooperation with private enterprises in R&D and innovation through various mechanisms and channels. Especially when it comes to major national research projects and the overall interests of the industry, social welfare and public welfare undertakings, state-owned enterprises must take the initiative to join forces with private enterprises to break down the barriers and barriers between them and work together towards big goals and directions. , move forward hand in hand, coordinate operations, fully tap their respective potentials, give full play to their respective advantages, and maximize the effectiveness of resources.
Of course, state-owned enterprises still have a lot of work to do to improve their independent innovation capabilities, lead the new normal of economic development, and safeguard growth, structural adjustment, and China's economic transformation and upgrading, such as accelerating the construction of talent teams and creating Innovative and entrepreneurial cultural atmosphere and ecological environment, adhering to the main manufacturing industry, etc., but the top priority is to comprehensively deepen reforms, implement innovation-driven development strategies, and strengthen the entrepreneurial spirit of state-owned enterprise operators.