With the integration of information technology and human production and life, global data is experiencing explosive growth and massive accumulation. Whether it is the country, enterprises or the public, they are increasingly aware of the value of data. Therefore, in recent years, big data development bureaus have been established in various places, companies have promoted data asset management, and the industries radiated by big data have gradually expanded from traditional telecommunications and finance to industry, medical care, education, etc. For a time, it seemed that all walks of life were talking about big data, and everyone was talking about big data. However, there are also voices saying that big data has ushered in the "seven-year itch", and some "cold thinking" is also needed in the face of the big data boom. How is big data developing in my country? What are the opportunities and challenges for the development of big data in my country in the future?
1. The big data industry has made significant progress
In the past few years, the concept of big data has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. "Using data to speak" has become everyone's common sense, and data has also become It has strategic resources comparable to oil, gold and diamonds. Over the past five years, my country's big data industry policy has been gradually improved, and technology, applications and industries have made very obvious progress.
In terms of policy, my country's big data policy system from the central to local governments has been basically perfected and has now entered the implementation stage. Since the word "big data" was written into the government work report in 2014, the policy environment for the development of big data in my country has opened a new chapter. In terms of top-level design, the State Council's "Action Outline to Promote the Development of Big Data" makes overall arrangements for the sharing and openness of government data, industrial development and security. Documents such as the "Interim Measures for the Sharing Management of Government Information Resources" and the "Big Data Industry Development Plan (2016-2020)" have also been issued. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to "promote the deep integration of big data and the real economy", and the "13th Five-Year Plan" proposed to "implement the national big data strategy". Departments of health, agriculture, environmental protection, procuratorial work, taxation and other departments have also issued specific policies for the development of big data in the field. As of the beginning of 2019, all provincial administrative regions have issued big data-related development plans, more than a dozen provinces and cities have established big data administration authorities, and 8 national big data comprehensive experimental zones and 11 national engineering laboratories have started construction. It can be said that the big data policy system has been basically completed and has now entered the implementation and even evaluation and inspection stages.
In terms of technology, my country's big data technology development belongs to the "first echelon in the world", but domestic core technical capabilities are seriously insufficient. my country's unique large-scale application scenarios and multi-type practice models have promoted the speed and level of technological innovation in the field of big data, and are in an international leading position. In terms of technical comprehensiveness, my country's platform, management, and application technologies all have large-scale implementation cases and research; in terms of application scale, my country has completed the largest cluster public capability test in the field of big data, reaching 10,000 nodes; in In terms of efficiency and capabilities, my country's big data products have also achieved top results on the international big data technology capability competition platform; in terms of intellectual property rights, my country's number of patent disclosures in the field of big data accounted for approximately 40% of the world's total in 2018, ranking first in the world. second. However, most of my country's big data technologies are secondary transformations based on foreign open source products, and core technical capabilities need to be strengthened urgently. For example, among the current domestic mainstream big data platform technologies, the proportion of self-developed technologies does not exceed 10%.
In terms of industry, my country's big data industry has maintained steady and rapid growth for many years, but it faces a critical transformation to improve quality and efficiency. In 2018, my country's big data industry continued its growth rate over the years and continued to maintain relatively high growth. According to calculations by the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, the overall scale of my country's big data industry is expected to reach 540 billion yuan in 2018, a year-on-year increase of 15%. However, combined with various factors such as the domestic and foreign environment and the development of emerging technologies, the growth rate of the big data industry has declined. my country's big data industry is also facing a critical transition period from high-speed development to high-quality development.
In terms of application, big data is more widely used in industries and is accelerating its penetration into all aspects of the economy and society. With the lowering of the threshold for big data tools and the continuous improvement of enterprise data awareness, more and more industries are beginning to taste the "sweetness" brought by big data.
Whether in terms of the number of new companies, the scale of financing or the popularity of applications, industries closely integrated with big data are expanding from traditional telecommunications and finance to government affairs, health care, industry, transportation and logistics, energy industry, education and culture, etc. , there is an obvious trend of industry applications "moving away from virtual reality and towards reality", and the integration with the real economy is deeper.
2. Five major dilemmas in the industry
Although the overall development situation of big data in my country is good and it also faces rare development opportunities, there are still some difficulties and problems.
First, the development of industries involving core technologies is weak and has failed to effectively enhance the competitiveness of my country's core technologies. The influence of core technology is of extremely high importance in the big data industry. Since big data companies can copy products at almost zero cost and without restrictions after completing product development, large companies with core technologies can easily turn their technical advantages into market advantages, that is, they can win a large number of users and gain a monopoly position by relying on specific information products. At present, from the supply side of big data technology and products, although my country has achieved single breakthroughs in local technologies, systematic and platform-level core technology innovations in the field of big data are still rare. Big data processing tools are "stones from other mountains". Most companies use foreign data collection, data processing, data analysis, and data visualization technologies. It will take time for independent core technology breakthroughs. Especially in terms of technical standards for open source products, my country's influence still needs to be improved.
Second, data islands and barriers reduce the efficiency of resource allocation in the big data industry. The development of the big data industry must realize the free flow and sharing of data information. If the data is not open and shared, data integration cannot be achieved and the value of the data will be greatly reduced. Whether it is government data, Internet data or other data, data owners are often reluctant to open it for circulation. Due to the early construction of information infrastructure, there are still many "data islands" and "data chimneys" in my country's government data, making it difficult to realize the value of data.
Third, weak data security management increases the development risks of the big data industry. While big data technology brings innovative vitality to economic and social development, it also exposes data security, personal information protection and even big data platform security to new threats and risks. Massive amounts of multi-source data are gathered on big data platforms. Data from multiple users may be stored in the same data pool and used by different users, which can easily lead to the risk of data leakage. The results obtained by using big data technology to mine and analyze massive data (21.90 -5.19, stock diagnosis) may contain sensitive information involving various aspects of the country's economy and society, and it is necessary to strengthen security management on the sharing and disclosure of analysis results.
Fourthly, industrial monopoly and vicious competition occur frequently, and the phenomenon of "bad money driving out good money" is obvious. Since resource-based industries have low barriers to entry and high profits, emerging big data companies often focus first on acquiring data resources. The birth of a large number of companies relying on the advantages of data resources has brought a low-value-added monopoly economic model to the big data industry. Companies that rely on technical barriers to conquer the country have to face brutal market competition and slow down the pace of technology research and development. At the same time, the problem of data monopoly has become increasingly obvious. A few Internet giants own huge amounts of data, which is not only detrimental to industry development, but also poses huge data aggregation risks.
Fifth, the development of various regions is seriously homogeneous, and there is a widespread phenomenon of focusing on storage and neglecting applications. Due to the lack of a unified big data industry classification statistical system and industrial operation monitoring means, the positioning of big data industries in various places is similar, and homogeneous competition has intensified. And blindly repeated construction may lead to excess in the big data industry. At the same time, due to the limited informatization development in some areas, big data application scenarios are not rich enough. The construction of big data storage facilities such as data centers is the key to the development of the big data industry. The scale is huge, with targets often reaching millions of units. If it cannot be effectively utilized in the later period, it will cause a huge waste of resources.