Beethoven Biography
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) is the most famous music composer in the world since the 18th century in Germany. Home. Beethoven was born on December 26, 1770 in Bonn, a city on the Rhine, Germany. His grandfather was a former Dutch immigrant to Germany. His father is a tenor singer, and his mother is the daughter of a royal cook. During the period of growth in the Beethoven era, it was the implementation of the "enlightened despotism" of Joseph II, and the rulers of Bonn also took some improvement measures. Bonn became one of the centers of the German Enlightenment. Beethoven grew up in such an environment during his childhood. However, Beethoven's childhood was very happy. His father's alcohol addiction ruined the family business. He tried to turn the 4-year-old Beethoven into a cash cow, bending his son to also become a Mozart genius, so he was not only The 8-year-old Beethoven was dissatisfied with the fact that he was forced to perform in front of the audience and perform busking in front of the audience. The 11-year-old Beethoven began to perform in the theater. band work. This harsh childhood made Beethoven embark on an independent path to make a living through music very early, but his determination and stubborn character developed.
Since 1781, when Beethoven was working in the theater, the band conductor Nai's father learned Bach's "keyboard" and composition methods. Naifu was a composer of great achievement leaning towards the Enlightenment. Conductor, has contributed to the development of German national opera and oratorio. Beethoven was influenced by his father's guidance and strong interest in learning from his teacher, recognizing the importance of learning traditional German folk music, and accepting the enlightenment of progressive literature in Germany.
In 1787, Beethoven's family life was financially burdened. But Beethoven was not suitable for the difficult production situation, and he successfully participated in philosophy classes at the University of Bonn. He was obsessed with reading and studying ancient mythology, Greek and Latin classical literature, Shakespeare, Schiller, Goethe My favorite work. Although he does not have Mozart's precocious talent, nor does he have Mozart's excellent learning conditions, his unremitting self-study and achievements, and all his predecessors do not have it.
The French Bourgeois Revolution, the Rhine Valley in 1789, the progress of the anti-feudal movement, and economic growth played a huge role. In Beethoven's thought, he gradually regarded the pursuit of "liberty, equality, and fraternity" as own political ideals. In 1790, he created the chorus "Death of Joseph II", a tribute to Joseph II of the Savior of the People, which showed his pursuit of freedom and ideals, but also reflected Beethoven's early years. Reformist substandard practical fantasies. This work is Beethoven's earliest attempt to integrate vocal music and symphony.
In 1792, with the encouragement and support, Haydn and Beethoven came to settle in Vienna. He was originally a talented young pianist from the Viennese aristocratic family. The nobles warmly received and protected him, and he once had the illusion of upper class society. After all, Beethoven's era, the era of Haydn and Mozart, gave Beethoven a more mature bourgeois consciousness and personal self-confidence and self-esteem. Therefore, he did not want to be a slave to the nobles, but he was on the basis of equality with the nobles. Later, Beethoven gradually found that there was a great contradiction between his ideal bourgeoisie and feudal society. In addition, in 1796, he faced the threat of deafness. Beethoven soon changed from a satisfied personal destiny to a rebellious thought and emotion.
In 1797, Beethoven suffered from deafness, and his condition worsened year by year. What's the counterweight in this fight, says one musician! The devil restricted contact with the outside world, the composer hindered his piano playing, and he had to give up and live in seclusion in the Viennese countryside for a long time.
Since 1800, Beethoven's natural creativity gradually broke away from the influence of Haydn and Mozart, and worked hard to create his own artistic style and pursue a new ideal. In 1803, he completed the Third Symphony ("Eroica"), marking a new stage of development in his creation - a period of maturity. During this period, his creativity was very strong, he showed great working ability, and some excellent works appeared.
The basic idea? The logic of Beethoven's mature period works - the struggle to gain victory and the gradual establishment of a new style during this period, heroic, large-scale symphony, further major innovations in revolutionary content, different forms of practice in the development of dramatic symphonies Developing Beethoven's most outstanding works during this period, almost all of his thirty-year creations later in his career were deafened
Beethoven is one of the greatest creations of human body art. On the one hand, he has outstanding musical talent, huge hot rebellious temperament and strong character; on the other hand, his tenacious will and social awareness His sense of responsibility and lofty ideas formed his special qualities as a musician in his creations, especially in his nine symphonies, which reflected the great people's movement and the most advanced ideas of that era. Combining the themes of his era and destiny of individuals, profound philosophy and touching artistic images, he wrote a series of symphonic works that express the struggle from the bourgeoisie to victory, from darkness to light, and from suffering to happiness. The spirit in the process of ascent, his nine symphonies never sparkled, shone like a pearl.
Through the study and analysis of the 9 Beethoven symphonies, especially the four (that is, the third five, six, nine) title symphonies, we cannot only understand the basic appearance of Beethoven's creation With all his great and pure thoughts and ability to understand the creative innovations of major symphony orchestras, it can be seen that the symphony represents the transition from the era of Haydn and Mozart to the new development period of Schubert, Menlu and Lu Xun. As early as Beethoven's life, he has been recognized as a musician of world significance. He is not only a great classical composer, but also a pioneer of romanticism.
Biographical Works
Symphony in C major Symphony in D Major Symphony in E flat major (Eroica) Symphony in B major Symphony No. 5 in C minor Symphony No. 1 in F major (Pastoral) Symphony No. 8 in F major War Symphony (Wellington's Victory) No. 1 in D minor Symphony 9 songs (chorus)
Orchestral Violin Romance in G minor Violin Romance in F major
String Quartet in A minor E flat 15 B flat major (Fugue major) Music) No. 13 in B flat with 14 falling, No. 12 in C minor, F major 16 major escape piece Missa solemnis in D major
Sacred music
Piano works Alice
Opera Fidelio
Choir Fantasia "Fantasia"
Violin Sonata in F major (Spring) Sonata in C minor G major (Cro Piano Concerto No. 3 in B flat major Piano Concerto No. 3 in C minor Concerto in C Major Sextet Concerto No. 4 in G major Piano Concerto in D major Violin Concerto in E Piano Concerto No. 5 in major (Emperor)
Overture Leonora Overture Overture Egmont Overture "The Ruins of Athens" Overture Stephen's Original Overture, Overture to Coriolanus Day Celebrations
Sonata Piano Sonata in C minor (Pathétique) Variations of Piano Sonata in C sharp minor (Moonlight) Piano Sonata in D major (Pastoral) Heroic Variations in E flat major Piano Sonata in D minor Piano Sonata in C major (Destin, China) Piano Sonata in E major (Farewell) Piano Sonata in E minor "Piano Sonata in B flat major (Han Comoravia) Berry's Changes in Dia
"Moonlight"
Created in 1801, as a popular name for music in the past, it became very popular with many examples, but there were never reviews like this sonata, which became famous around the world? The name of the song "Moonlight", commonly known as "Moonlight", is said to It is due to the poet: Demirel Staab (1899-60): The first movement reminds one of "as if a swaying canoe on Lake Lucerne, the Swiss moonlight twinkling". It became broadly and commonly known as "Moonlight" when Rael was born and he speculated that it would take a long time after publication. thing, but this song seems to have begun to have considerable popularity for Beethoven, and not a little unhappy for reasons that cannot be denied, not only because the song contains a strong literary reverie that easily evokes it, and therefore became famous for the reason of its reputation elements, and in addition to "moonlight", another multiple interpretation of the original legend is far-fetched. In fact, this sonata is Beethoven's own named Opus 27 in the same Fantasia style as Sonata "In the first movement, because all the fantasy is abandoned, the improvised soft ballad transforms into the atmosphere of the second movement, and then reaches the center of gravity, The sonata form of the third movement of this sonata. The third movement is not only an intense torrent of sonatas of this period, but also a remarkable sonata form structure. It seems plausible that the passion for Beethoven's love for the time series of ear problems, and the tragedy of 18-year-old Heiligen's suicide note are inextricably linked, is, however, no concrete information available to confirm these associations. Playing time: about 15 minutes
Hero"
Beethoven yearned for the ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity, and was an enthusiastic supporter of the French bourgeois revolution in 1789. 1798: General Bainaduote (1763-1844) served as French ambassador in Vienna, and Beethoven often visited his home, and came into close contact with those around him. In 1902, Beethoven Bonaduote's request to write the "Third Symphony" dedicated to Napoleon. In his mind, Napoleon was the hero who destroyed the autocracy, revolution and ideals. In 1904, Beethoven completed the "Third Symphony", which he prepared to provide to Napoleon. Then the news of Emperor Napoleon spread to Vienna. After hearing the news from his student Liss (1784-1838), Beethoven roared angrily: "He is also a mortal. Now, should he trample human rights to show off his personal ambitions, he will ride on his head The crowd became a tyrant. "Then, toward the table, he wrote a letter to Napoleon, tore it up, threw it on the floor, and picked it up, not letting anyone take it for too long.
Beethoven's anger level gradually declined and the symphony was made public in December 1804, with the symphony first performed in Vienna in April 1805 at the court of Prince Robbins. Theater, where the first public performance was ordered by Beethoven himself, a poster read: "A new symphony or piece in D major, by Herr Ludwig van Beethoven, His Royal Highness Prince Robb Kwitz." Strangely enough, Beethoven Didn't say it was in E flat major, and said the rise in price was called "Heroic"
Symphony of Destiny
Beethoven's "C minor in D major, published in Scored in October 1806, printed on the title page of this "Third Symphony" in memory of a great man: Eroica, the orchestra's first notes, bold and heavy, as if fate were knocking at the door of this work , hence the name "Symphony of Destiny" (Opus 67).
Symphony of Destiny 1805-1808 In November 1808, Beethoven wrote to his friend Wigle (1765-1848), saying in the letter: "I hold the throat of fate, and it is by no means I can completely overpower "The Knock of Destiny", composed by the third movement of the "Piano Sonata in C minor" (Op. 10 no. 1), which already appeared in 1798, and later in the "String Quartet in D major" (Op. 18 no. 3) ) Third movement, First movement of the Passionate Sonata (Op. 57), Third "Leonora" Overture (Op. 72), Visible in the String Quartet in E flat major (Op. 74), Overcoming by Struggle Destiny is Beethoven's consistent creative idea.
The passionate struggle of "Symphony of Destiny" is in full swing and has a strong appeal. When Spanish mezzo-soprano Marie Blankenberg heard the "Symphony of Destiny" for the first time, she was so frightened that she stayed away exclusively. Napoleon's old soldier, after hearing the theme of the fourth movement that began, could not help, but jumped up and exclaimed: "This is the Emperor!"
Hearing mistakenly for Berlioz's "Symphony of Destiny" "Thrilling images of struggle as "Othello, Iago slanders Desdemona's adulterous terrible rage"
Schumann: "Although you hear the symphony often, you are always a constant. The power of time always teaches people natural phenomena such as panic. "
On October 5, 1830, Mendelssohn stayed in Weimar for two weeks and met Goethe for the last time. Piano playing famous ancient and modern. After listening to the first movement of Goethe's "Symphony of Destiny", the crowd was excited. He said: "This is a magnificent, thrilling earthquake, purely to make the house collapse. If many people play together, I don't know what will happen." .
In March 1841, Engels listened to the performance of the symphony "Destiny". Thanks for this work, he said: "If you don't know this wonderful thing, then your life will mean nothing to him." The letter she wrote to her sister was not heard. "He heard in the first movement "that kind of utter despair, sorrow, pain, a kind of sorrow", in the second movement he heard "that tender concern of love," and in the third and fourth movements Wanli's little The number expresses the strong and powerful youth, the joy of freedom, and is inspiring. Engels, in just a few words, summed up "the destiny of the symphony" very aptly.
Seventh Symphony, Wagner called Beethoven's "Seventh Symphony" (Op. 92) "dance in extreme situations" Under, "The Highest Form of Dance," the ideal form of body movement is the most wonderful expression. "It is said that at one time he wanted to dance to Wagner's ideal of Liszt's piano accompaniment in the performance of the Seventh Symphony, and in 1938 his symphony was compiled by Massin, choreographed by the Ballets Russes, to perform An allegorical story - the creation and destruction of the world:
First Movement: Creation - The creation of a spiritual, chaotic world inhabited by plants and animals, under the guidance of an orderly male and female. Dangerous Snakes.
Second Movement: Earth - Earth of Hatred and Violence, is a group mourning the murder of teenagers
Third Movement. : Sky - The gods and goddesses of the sky are indifferent to the turmoil on earth and remain happy
Fourth Movement: Wine and Destruction - Man drowns in wine and women.
The joy of God seeing the ceiling of his own parody was so wrathful that in May 1938 the ballet Destroy the World with Fire was first performed in Monte Carlo, Monaco, at the Basil Ballets Russes
Bedo Finn Chronology
On December 17, 1770, Ludwig - the second child of court singer Johann van Beethoven and his wife Marie Margaret the Elder - was born in Bonn-St. Church baptized Remigiusti
March 26, 1778, "6-year-old child star performs on stage
In 1779, Chris the First Angote Robb Freiborn Beethoven's teacher.
In the year 1782, Franz Gaihaerde Wigle proposed a variation of the Drissler Procession published in Mannheim. /p>
On February 15, 1784, the youngest son of the Archbishop of Cologne and Elector Maximilian Friedrich Franz Maximilian died, Empress Maria Theresa ascended the throne for 6 years The 27th, a full member of the Persian court orchestra
The first trip to Vienna from March to April 1787, met with Mozart. His mother died of tuberculosis on July 17. .
1788Beethoven's later friend and patron, Count Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, died in Hamburg on December 14. > On the 14th, 1789, the French Revolution broke out.
On February 20, 1790, the Austrian Emperor Joseph II was seen suffering from abdominal pain syndrome. On December 25, Joseph Haydn. Journey through Bonn
1791, performed the Cavalier ballet to music? December 5th, Eastman, Mozart died in Vienna on November 2nd, 1792. The second trip to Vienna began at the end of 1793. On December 18, his father died in Bonn. At the end of 1793 or in early 1794, Prince Richino lost the first family gathering organized by Chomsky. The performance of three people
1794 Residents of the house of Prince Ferdinand von Malinowski
1795, 29, 2010, the first time in Shao also felt. Satisfactory premiere
Travel to the Prussian palaces of Prague, Dresden, Leipzig and Berlin from February to June 1796. Bonaparte's army attacks Italy
31, 1797. Schubert was born near Vienna Lichtenthal, both 0.4, violin, concert friends organized the treepan policy, the first performance of the Greek quintet (opus 16) in May, began to get known by Thérèse and Yuesefeini · Von Brunn Bolshevik.
1798 Initial ear symptoms
1800 Held his first solo concert at the Louvre Theater, Love Juliet's "Symphony No. 1" and “Septet Orchestra Premiere. ”
1801 Tower, 0.6 and November L6 Gui Cha ERDI, with letters to friends, Amanda and Wigle reveal that it is getting harder and harder to hear the truth
1802 10, 6 , 10, wrote the will, performed the "Second Symphony" and "Third Piano Concerto" for the first time in the summer of 1803 at the Vienna Opera in Baden "Hero" in Heiligen-Damstadt BR /> ". The piano playing skills and music theory composed by Deppling began to be given to Archduke Rudolf of Austria
In the autumn of 1804 to the end of 1807, falling in love with Yuesefeini von Daimler, she Bonaparte, whose maiden name was Brun, proclaimed himself emperor on May 20, and Franz I became emperor of Austria on August 11.
April 7, 2011, 1805. In 1806, the Symphony No. 3 (Eroica) was premiered for the first time. On November 13, the French army occupied Vienna. On November 20, Feidailiao was premiered.
In 1806, "Feidailiao No. 1" was performed for the first time. The second month of Quben severed diplomatic relations with Prince Ferdinand von Malinowski, known as Count Rasukarimovsky.
The "Violin Concerto" (Op. 61) was performed for the first time on December 23.
In 1807, Prince Moskowitz officially held a concert, the first performance of Symphony No. 4, " Keliaolan Overture" and "Piano Concerto No. 4"
On December 22, 1808, Roman Bonaparte royally rented Beethoven's "No. "Fifth Symphony" and "Symphony No. 6", "Choral Fantasy"
1809 26, Archduke Rudolf, Prince Loeb Moskowitz and Prince Kinski promised a Beethoven annuity. 4 On May 9th, Austria declared war on France, and French troops occupied Vienna again. On May 31st, Joseph Hay died near Austrian Tyrol, and the German anti-Napoleonic movement broke out.
< p> Spring and Autumn of 1810 in Love with Thérèse von Maerfadi 181115. The Madam of Finance Patent arrives at Dateplitz on August 1st. Familiar with Amaffery Siebold. First performance of Piano Concerto No. 5 in Leipzig on November 28. 1812-6-24 Napoleon invaded Russia. On the 6th and 7th, the book "Eternal Lovers" was created. From July 19th to 23rd, Goethe met several times on the third floor. On October 19th, the French army began to retreat.
In the summer of 1813, while staying in Baden, Wellington defeated the French army in Victoria and the War of National Liberation against French rule broke out in the auditorium of the University of Vienna. In the concert, the "Seventh Symphony" and the "War Symphony" were performed for the first time.
On the 27th, the "Symphony No. 8" premiered in 1814. On April 6, Tsai Lun abdicated at Fontainebleau. Because of Lu Yue, he got acquainted with Anton Schindler. On April 15, he died. Prince Carl Ferdinand von Malinowski on May 23? Like tangled saliva money for a bucket of paint anti-osmium Huilong Chen? September 18, Open Congress of Vienna. A grand concert was held on November 29 in Vienna for the attendees.
On the 25th, the last pianist to perform in 1815. On March 1, Napoleon left the exile area of ??Alba to return to the mainland during the hot summer, staying in Baden and Deppling. On November 15, his brother died, the guardian of Beethoven's nephew Karl.
In February 1816, the young nephew Carl disbanded the Greek quartet of schools in the almshouse run by Giannatasio del Rio. In the summer, stay in Baden. Since the cold October, various diseases have been permanently caused. Joseph Franz Lebkovi, Prince of Wales, died on 16 December.
In the summer of 1817, he stayed in Darmstadt and Nuduo in Heiligen.
In the summer of 1818, he stayed in M?dling.
1819 Anton Schindler, Beethoven’s assistant. Begins the "conversation book" to talk with people.
In 1820, became the sole guardian of nephew Carl. ? Summer, stayed in M?dling.
Summer of 1821, stayed in Depp Lin and Baden. Suffering from jaundice
On November 9, at the invitation of the Russian prince Nicholas Gamaliel, Beethoven wrote three poems. String Quartet.
For the summer of 1823, Shupan returned from Russia and stayed in Herzendorf and Baden, where he was interested in art. The author of Beethoven's book, the "Missa Solemnis" was performed for the first time in Vienna on April 18 and the "Ninth Symphony" was performed for the first time in concert at the Kesitengtuo Theater on May 7. . In the summer, Pang Qing and Gu Tengyi stayed near Vienna. In 1825, Shu Fan's policy quartet "Quartet No. 127" was performed for the first time. In May, I suffered from severe enteritis. Summer, in Gutengbulun. October, mobile apartment in Spain.
1826 Physical and mental torture.
Quartet's work No. 130 premiered on March 21, with the finale song "Grand Fugue". On July 30, nephew Carl attempted suicide. On September 29, his brother Johann left the residence of Gnexendorf. Returning to Vienna on December 2, Beethoven was in serious condition, suffering from pneumonia, cirrhosis and ascites. On December 20, the first abdominal puncture was performed.
In January 1827, a will was drafted. January 8, second puncture. On February 2, the third puncture was performed. In late February, Beethoven died. On February 27, the fourth abdominal puncture was performed. On March 24, he fell unconscious. March 26, 17:45, Beethoven's death. When the wind roars, lightning flashes and thunder thunders.