Now it is mostly cultivated in mountainous areas with an altitude of 1600 ~ 1800 meters.
Main producing area (producing area): Wenshan, Yunnan.
Taste warm: sweet, slightly bitter. Efficacy:
(1) The hemostatic effect is good and the hematopoietic function is remarkable;
(2) It can enhance and improve coronary microcirculation and dilate blood vessels;
(3) It has strong analgesic, anti-fatigue and improving learning and memory ability;
(4) Anti-inflammatory effect;
(5) It has the function of immunomodulator, which can make the immune response too high or too low return to normal, but does not interfere with the normal immune response of the body;
(6) Anti-tumor effect;
(7) anti-aging and anti-oxidation;
(8) lowering blood lipid and cholesterol;
(9) Protect the liver. Panax notoginseng, which originated in Tertiary, is an ancient tropical remnant plant with a very narrow distribution range, which is mainly related to its physiological and ecological adaptability to the environment. Panax notoginseng is a perennial herb with a growth cycle every year. Usually, Panax notoginseng over two years has two growth peaks in a growth cycle, namely, the vegetative growth peak from April to June and the reproductive peak of 8- 10. The germination temperature of Panax notoginseng seeds is 10-30℃, the optimum temperature is 20℃, and the dormancy period of seeds is 45-60 days. Seedlings germinate after a period of low temperature treatment during dormancy, and they are very sensitive to light. Traditionally, it is believed that normal growth and development need 30% natural light, so the shade shed of Panax notoginseng has the saying of "30% light transmission and 70% shade"; According to the latest research, the optimum light transmittance of Panax notoginseng shed is 8%- 12%, and exceeding 17% will adversely affect the growth of Panax notoginseng. Notoginseng needs more than three years from sowing to harvesting; The roots of one-year-old Panax notoginseng are usually used as seedlings, and the plants in the second year can blossom and bear fruit. Generally, it germinates in July, blooms in August, and bears fruit in September. The fruit ripens in batches from 10 to1. The main producing area of Panax notoginseng in Yunnan Province is located in the low latitude plateau. The climate is characterized by long summer and warm winter, sufficient heat and small annual temperature difference. The annual average temperature is 15.8- 19.3℃ (reference room of Yunnan Meteorological Bureau, 1982), and the daily temperature is low except from mid-February to mid-February of the following year. The annual average of the lowest temperature is 0-2℃, the annual average daily temperature is ≥ 10℃ for 265-307 days, and the annual effective accumulated temperature reaches 4863.7-6436.8℃. In summer, due to the concentrated rainfall, the solar radiation drops obviously, and the average temperature from June to August is 265,438+0.5-22.5℃. Suitable temperature and moisture conditions provide a superior natural environment for the growth and development of Panax notoginseng. The average monthly temperature in winter is 1 1℃, and the aboveground growth has stopped, but the ground temperature of 5cm remains 14℃ (regional average), which is the reason why the stems and leaves of Panax notoginseng can still maintain vitality in winter. Higher ground temperature is beneficial to the accumulation of nutrients in roots, especially to the morphological development of post-mature seeds planted in soil, and the post-mature period of seeds can last through winter. This unique natural ecological environment is a favorable factor for Wenshan to develop Sanqi production. The terrain of Sanqi production area is complex, the terrain fluctuates greatly, and the vertical difference of temperature is obvious. Winter and spring (65438+February to April of the following year) and late summer and early autumn (8-65438+1October) are affected by atmospheric circulation cold air, resulting in short-term, local frost and low-temperature disasters, especially low-temperature chilling injury. Although there was no snow and frost, the temperature did not drop to 0℃. In the production area below 500 meters above sea level in Funing County, the temperature is high in summer, and the temperature tends to rise due to the effect of foehn and local circulation, and the weather with the highest daily temperature ≥35℃ may occur, and the evaporation will be intensified, which will easily cause the plants to wither. In case of the above two situations, we must take appropriate measures to minimize the losses. Through the cultivation practice, it is known that during the growth of Panax notoginseng, diffuse light should be accepted to avoid direct sunlight. Panax notoginseng is a typical shade plant, and this ecological habit is consistent with the organizational structure of Panax notoginseng itself. Seven farmers with rich production experience have light conditions suitable for the growth and development of Panax notoginseng, which are roughly 30% light-transmitting and 70% light-shielding. In practice, it varies according to the age of Panax notoginseng plants and the need for light transmission in different growth periods. According to the climatic conditions and growth characteristics in a year, the light transmittance in the garden is adjusted by adjusting the shade density on the ceiling (seasonal dry, etc., 1970). For example, the first ten days of May is the early stage of the growth of all kinds of Panax notoginseng seedlings. At this time, there is less annual precipitation, stronger solar radiation and longer sunshine hours. In order to maintain the normal growth of Panax notoginseng seedlings at this stage, the shading degree should be appropriately increased, and the light transmittance in the shed is about 25-30%. After entering the rainy season, due to the increase of cloud cover, the atmospheric humidity increases, the sunshine hours are less than those in spring, and the total radiation is lower. At this time, Sanqi is entering a vigorous growth period. At this time, it is advisable to reduce shading and increase light in the garden, and the transmittance can be increased to 40%. The specific control of shading in the garden depends on the local actual situation at that time, and it is forbidden to copy it mechanically. The climate of Sanqi production area is the same as that of the whole province, and the dry and wet seasons are very obvious. Wenshan is rich in annual precipitation, with an average of 10/0163mm. The southern area exceeds 1300mm. The growth and development of Panax notoginseng needs a relatively humid environment, the normal growth of plants needs to maintain 25-40% soil humidity, and the relative humidity in Panax notoginseng garden requires 70-80%. In the rainy season, more than 80% of the annual precipitation is concentrated in May -65438+ 10, during which the park can rely on atmospheric precipitation. In some areas, the amount of soil infiltration is large. As long as there is no precipitation for a long time, drought may occur. The park needs artificial watering to maintain a certain humidity. Manual adjustment of humidity is mainly in winter and spring. At this time, the weather is clear, the sunshine is abundant, the precipitation is scarce and the wind speed is high, the evaporation is strong, and the soil moisture decreases rapidly. At this time, in addition to artificial watering, we must also pay attention to proper field management. We can keep the humidity in the garden by covering grass and adjusting the crown. At the same time, we should also pay attention to the special requirements of Panax notoginseng seedlings for water at different growth and development stages, such as from sowing to leaf opening stage, new shoot seedling stage, green fruit to red fruit stage and so on. In case of drought, we must fight drought and water to prevent physiological drought, which will directly affect the harvest of red seeds. The annual precipitation varies from place to place, which must be determined according to the local specific conditions. At the same time, when selecting and constructing Sanqi Garden, the water source condition should be considered as an important issue. In years or areas with more annual precipitation, flood control and drainage should be done well after heavy rain or rainstorm, and the accumulated water in the park should be eliminated in time. If the garden is flooded for a long time, it will directly endanger the survival of plants and may lead to the death of the roots of Panax notoginseng. When the relative humidity in the park is too high, it is easy to cause various diseases, which can not be ignored in daily management. It is the foundation of the survival of Sanqi. Plants get necessary water, nutrients, air and heat through soil. The structure, fertility and permeability of soil directly affect the growth and development of Panax notoginseng. Panax notoginseng is planted in eight counties of Wenshan Prefecture, and the difference in altitude between producing areas is significant. There is a Panax notoginseng planting area at an altitude of 340- 1800 meters. The spatial differences of heat, water and soil are prominent, which directly affect the hydrothermal conditions in some areas. In addition, the types of parent rocks are diverse, and the soil texture and soil fertility are naturally different. At present, we know that Panax Notoginseng can almost grow in acidic red soil and yellow soil with high viscosity and poor permeability and pH value of 4.5-5.6, and it can also grow in black sandy loam with pH value close to neutrality, which is completely the result of long-term human production activities. Through ploughing, fertilization, irrigation, crop rotation and other production methods, the soil structure has been improved to some extent, and the soil fertility has been improved, which is also the reason for the difference in the growth and yield of Panax notoginseng in new and old production areas. Therefore, in the development of Panax notoginseng production, the use of soil should pay equal attention to both cultivation and use, and reasonable fertilization should be carried out according to the characteristics of soil quality and fertility in this area. Through the correct farming methods, the conditions of water, fertilizer, gas and heat in the soil are coordinated, so as to create suitable living conditions for microorganisms, accelerate the mineralization of organic matter, promote the increase of nutrients, gradually improve the soil structure, improve soil fertility and prevent soil degradation. Especially in mountainous areas where irrigation is difficult, soil fertility is gradually improved by strengthening field management, adjusting nutrient status and making the soil develop in a direction conducive to human activities. Stewed chicken or ribs with medicinal diet has the functions of benefiting qi and nourishing blood, treating metrorrhagia, postpartum weakness, spontaneous sweating and night sweats, strengthening yang and strengthening body. It can also be used to treat headache, myasthenia of waist and other symptoms of the elderly.
Method: soak the taproot of Panax notoginseng in cold water for about half an hour, break it into broad beans, wrap it with gauze, add chicken or ribs (500g) and a little salt, and stew for1~ 2h. Products: Stewed crab with Sanqi is very helpful for clearing away heat, promoting blood circulation, relaxing muscles and tendons and promoting blood circulation, and can be taken by people with traumatic injuries, blood stasis and swelling and pain.
Methods: Radix Notoginseng (about 65438 00 g) and proper amount of crab (washed) were stewed with slow fire. When the crab meat is cooked, it is very helpful to eat the medicine soup together with the crab meat to clear away heat, disperse blood, relax muscles and promote blood circulation. People with traumatic injury and blood stasis can take it. Products: Stewed chicken or ribs with Panax notoginseng fibrous root, which has the functions of benefiting qi and nourishing blood, treating metrorrhagia, postpartum weakness, spontaneous sweating and night sweats, strengthening yang and strengthening body. It can also be used to treat headache, myasthenia of waist and other symptoms of the elderly.
Methods: soak the fibrous root of Panax notoginseng (20g) in cold water for about 20min, add chicken or ribs (50g) and a little salt, and simmer 1 ~ 2h. Notoginseng medicinal liquor has the effects of relieving swelling and pain, promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, relaxing muscles and tendons, and relieving pain, and can be used for treating blood stasis, backache, soreness of limbs, strain pain, traumatic injury, nameless swelling and pain, etc.
Methods: Panax notoginseng 100g (which can be directly soaked in the taproot of Panax notoginseng or broken into soybean size) and liquor1kg (about 50 degrees). Panax notoginseng can be soaked in white wine for more than 30 days, each time 10 ml, three times a day. Panax notoginseng (you can grind the taproot of Panax notoginseng into powder or directly buy Panax notoginseng with guaranteed quality). Sanqi tablets or Sanqi capsules:
1. Applying Panax Notoginseng to the wound can directly treat various hemorrhagic diseases such as traumatic injury. For larger wounds, after applying notoginseng, apply pressure with sterile gauze to stop bleeding quickly.
2. Panax notoginseng, Panax notoginseng tablets or Panax notoginseng capsules, 2g each time, 2-3 times a day, taken with warm boiled water or warm rice soup. Can be used for treating various internal bleeding, such as gastrorrhagia, nosebleed, hematemesis, hematochezia, hematuria, uterine functional hemorrhage, subcutaneous hemorrhage, eye hemorrhage and cerebrovascular hemorrhage.
3. Panax notoginseng, Panax notoginseng tablets or Panax notoginseng capsules, 2g at a time, 2-3 times a day, with warm boiled water or wine. Can be used for treating menoxenia, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, postpartum lochia, abdominal pain due to blood stasis, etc.
4. Mix a proper amount of Notoginseng Radix and a proper amount of honey into paste, and apply it directly to the face 10 ~ 20 minutes, which has the functions of promoting blood circulation, moistening skin and resisting aging. Long-term application can make the skin smooth and tender (it is better to take Panax notoginseng orally in honey water when applying).
5. Panax notoginseng, Panax notoginseng tablets or Panax notoginseng capsules, 2g each time, 2-3 times a day, taken with warm boiled water or honey water. It can be used for treating hemoptysis caused by bronchiectasis, pulmonary tuberculosis and pulmonary abscess. Has hemostatic, antitussive, expectorant and analgesic effects.
6. Panax notoginseng, Panax notoginseng tablets or Panax notoginseng capsules, 2g each time, 2-3 times a day, taken with warm water. It can reduce myocardial oxygen consumption and help to reduce the burden on the heart, so it can treat coronary heart disease and angina pectoris.
7. Panax notoginseng, Panax notoginseng tablets or Panax notoginseng capsules, 2g each time, 2-3 times a day, taken with warm boiled water. It can dilate blood vessels, lower blood pressure, and treat diseases caused by cerebral arteriosclerosis and increased blood lipid and cholesterol; Notoginseng Radix also has anti-tumor and anticancer effects.
8. Before or after drinking (it is best to take it before drinking), Sanqi, Sanqi tablets or Sanqi capsules can be taken with warm water to protect the human liver. Usage of sanqihua
Promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis
1. A small amount of Panax Notoginseng (3 ~ 5 flowers) is directly brewed with boiling water (200ml), which has the functions of clearing away heat, protecting liver, lowering blood pressure and calming the nerves.
2. A small amount of notoginseng flowers (3 ~ 5 flowers) and a proper amount of olives are brewed with boiling water, which can treat acute pharyngitis.
3. 10 gram of notoginseng and four eggs. Boil the flowers and eggs for 10 minutes, then break the eggs and cook for 30 minutes. Eating flowers and eggs together can treat high blood pressure.
4. Soak notoginseng flowers in warm water 1020 minutes, stir-fry the meat until it is 70% mature, and then stir-fry the flowers and meat together, which has the effect of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. An overview of Sanqi (1) alias Tianqi, gold is not exchanged. Panax notoginseng, Araliaceae plants, roots and rhizomes are used as medicine. It is a valuable Chinese herbal medicine, which can stop bleeding, remove blood stasis, reduce swelling and relieve pain. It is the main component of Yunnan Baiyao, and the leaves of the same plant can also be used as medicine and tea. Yunnan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Hubei, Jiangxi and other provinces are also cultivated. The southern foot of Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province was successfully introduced. (2) Plant characteristics perennial herbs. The stem is erect, 30 ~ 100 cm high, with longitudinal stripes or angular edges. There are fleshy rhizomes and roots lying underground. Palmately compound leaves are 3-5 whorls at the top of the stem, with 5-7 leaflets, oval or lanceolate, green leaves, serrated leaves, dense fine bristles in veins, umbels, solitary at the top of the total flower stalk, and many small flowers on them. Drupe berry-shaped, nearly kidney-shaped, green when tender, red when ripe, seed 1-3. (3) Growth characteristics like warmth and avoid cold. Suitable for planting in areas where there is no severe cold in winter, no intense heat in summer and the temperature difference between the four seasons is small. After freezing, roots and seeds are damaged by freezing and mildew. I like semi-yin and semi-yang, suitable terrain, orientation and slope. Where there is water, avoid direct sunlight. The annual average temperature in Yunnan producing areas is 20. 1℃, the average maximum temperature is 34℃, the average minimum temperature is 4℃, the annual average temperature is 15 ~ 17℃, and the annual precipitation is 920.9 mm. In the whole growing season, the air relative humidity is required to be very high, and 70% ~ 90% is appropriate. If it is lower than 50o ~ 60%, it will cause serious leaf diseases (physiological diseases), resulting in all leaves drying up and falling off. Sanqice can only grow one palmately compound leaf a year and three in two years. (4) Cultivation techniques 1. Black sandy loam is generally the best soil preparation. The optimum soil pH is 4.5 ~ 7. Corn, beans and peanuts are better in the previous crop, and the preparatory course should not be selected in the previous crop. Sowing in late August, ploughing the land in three times, with the first ploughing depth of 3 cm and the second ploughing depth of 4-5 cm, and raking once. Ploughing for the third time, with a depth of 5cm, finely raking the soil, immediately making a bed with a height of 25-30cm and a width of100-110cm, making the bed surface into a comb back shape, and draining water between the beds for 45-60cm, and then transplanting the bed to the sowing place. There are three methods of applying base fertilizer during sowing and planting: (1) directly applying fertilizer on root soil or seeds to cover the soil. (2) Half of the fertilizer is mixed into the border soil, and the other half is used for covering soil. (3) Cover a small amount of middle soil on the border with fertilizer. The above three methods all require a depth of 2 cm. 2. Breeding method: Breeding with seeds. (1) Three-year-old plants should be selected for the seeds of Panax notoginseng. Every year in June165438+1October, when the fruit is ripe, it should be picked with the red, or once in sunny days when it is over 80% ripe, and the peel should be peeled off. Mature seeds full of pests and diseases should also be picked and sown. If it is too late to sow, the fruit must be placed in a sieve with a thickness of about 0.5 ~ 1 cm and stored in a cool and ventilated place for about 10 day. If the seeds are transported abroad, they should be peeled, washed, mixed with twice as much wet beer and stored in a water tank. (2) The sowing method is mainly winter sowing (also in Shaanxi), and spring sowing (after thawing) can also be used in the north, with row spacing of 2 cm and plant spacing of 1.7 ~ 2 cm. The seeds are unevenly distributed and the plants grow unevenly. Cover the soil (in fact, cover it with fertilizer, or cover it with fine soil with base fertilizer as mentioned above) 1.7 ~ 2 cm, and don't cover the seeds. Cover with weeds to avoid soil hardening. Sow in winter in the south, it will emerge in about 3 months and come out in 4 months. Sow in winter in the north, and cover with grass after sowing to prevent the soil from freezing. If the seeds sown in spring must be stored in wet sand, sow with cracked or germinated seeds and emerge one month after sowing. (3) Planting method: planting one year or two or three years after sowing. The southern part should be planted in June 5438+February, and the northern part should be planted in June 5438+065438+ 10 or from mid-March to early April (after the soil is thawed), and can be planted when it sprouts. Don't hurt the roots when digging seedlings. Select healthy and pest-free Panax notoginseng roots, classify them according to size, and plant them separately. Planting method: ① The whole bed is horizontally slotted (pool), with a flat bottom, about 6 cm deep and wide enough to accommodate Panax notoginseng, with buds facing down and tail roots inclined, with row spacing of 4-5 cm. (2) Double-plant planting: a small ditch with a depth of 4-5 cm and a ditch spacing of 5-6 cm is horizontally opened in the border along Sheung Shui. Then put the roots of Panax notoginseng bud to bud, put one tree every 6 cm from tail to tail along the ditch, and put two trees in the border. Cut the prepared fertilizer and cover it with a thickness of about 1 cm, based on the fact that no buds are exposed, and then cover it with grass with a thickness of about 1 cm, based on the principle of invisibility. Experiments in recent years have proved that direct seeding of Panax notoginseng has deep forbidden roots, enhanced drought resistance and significantly increased yield. 3. Field management (1) Top dressing should be decomposed by stages. Apply more smoked soil at seedling stage, and apply it for the first time after spreading leaves, 2250 ~ 3000 kg per hectare; Apply again in half a month. After May, pig, horse, human excrement and oil cake were mixed with fertilizer, with a weight of 37,500 kg per hectare. After June, 30,000 Jin of manure will be applied every month until August. Dry fertilizer is applied once in April to May of the second year after planting. From June to August, the manure is cleared once a month, with 22,500 ~ 45,000 kg per hectare, based on the principle of more appropriate amount. The time and frequency of top dressing of panax notoginseng for more than 3 years are earlier and more than that of top dressing of panax notoginseng in 2002. After leaf spreading, clean manure water is used once a month, 22,500-30,000 kg per hectare, mixed dry fertilizer is applied in plant ash at budding stage and flowering stage, 45,000 kg per hectare, and bud covering fertilizer is applied again in September-65,438+1October, so as to protect buds and promote growth. (2) The roots of Panax notoginseng are distributed on the surface of soil, and its drought resistance is very weak, so the soil must be kept moist during the whole growth period. If the soil is dry and the roots of Panax notoginseng are dry, the roots will rot easily after watering. After planting, cover the grass, generally water it once to drive away the water, and then water it every 10 ~ 15 days. Drainage should be strengthened in rainy season to ensure that there is no water in the park and the water flow outside the park is smooth. Keep the air moist: Try planting Panax notoginseng in the north. Before July, the air relative humidity was very low, and dry leaf disease was serious. You can support an arch with thin bamboo and cover it with plastic film to keep the air humidity high, but pay attention to ventilation and uncover the film in rainy season. (3) After the sunshade frame of the shed is completed, build a canopy sunshade with a height of 100 ~ 180 cm with a light transmittance of 30% and a fence around it. The light transmittance of the shade shed must be adjusted at any time according to the different growth periods and seasons of Panax notoginseng. The intensity of annual and three-year-old panax notoginseng is slightly higher than that of biennial panax notoginseng. Strong light is also needed at seedling stage, bolting, flowering and fruiting stage. Especially in the seedling stage, there must be enough light to make the seedlings grow sturdily, which is of great significance to fight against pests and diseases and high yield. Therefore, the light transmittance at seedling stage should not be lower than 35%. At this time, if the light transmittance is small, the seedlings will grow thin and long in vain, which is called "high-footed seedlings" by the seven farmers and is easy to be infected with diseases. In the dry and sunny season, the shade shed should be properly encrypted to reduce the light transmittance, and in the rainy and continuous flowering and fruiting season, the light transmittance of the shade shed should be increased. The experience of the masses is "thin at both ends and dense in the middle". (4) It is a new measure to improve the yield and quality of Panax notoginseng. Starting from biennialization, every year when Panax notoginseng begins to bloom, it is picked in time, except for seeds. 4. Pest control (1) cataplexy, also known as "rotten foot plague". Pathogen is a kind of ignorant fungi, which harms seeds, buds and seedlings. Seeds rot in milky pulp juice, and buds die in dark brown. The base of the injured pseudostem (petiole) of the seedling is dark brown ring, and the seedling collapses and dies. Prevention and control methods: ① Disinfect the soil with carbendazim or Lithospermum solution before sowing. ② Pull out the diseased plants in time, sprinkle lime powder around the diseased plants, and spray 50% thiophanate methyl 1000 times or 50% thiophanate methyl 1000 times. (2) Root rot, also known as "chicken excrement rot", is a semi-miscellaneous fungus that harms the roots. The affected part is dark brown and gradually soft and rotten, with gray pulp juice and foul smell. Prevention and control methods: ① Select plots with good drainage for planting, and timely drainage in rainy season. ② Use healthy and disease-free Panax notoginseng when transplanting. ③ Pull out the diseased plants in time and disinfect the diseased spots with lime. ④ During the onset period, the epidemic areas were irrigated with 0/00 times solution of carbendazim/KLOC-or 50% thiophanate methyl 1000 times solution. (3) The epidemic disease is also called "leaf rot". Pathogen is a kind of algae in fungi, which mainly harms leaves. The damaged leaves are dark green and waterlogged. From June to August, I was seriously ill when it was hot and humid. Prevention and control methods: ① Clean up the fields, lift the dead leaves in winter and burn them centrally. ② Spray 1: 1: 50 bordeaux mixture for half a month 1 time, 2-3 times in a row; Spray 65% zineb 500 times solution, or 50% Deuterol 1000 times solution, or Dixon 500 times solution, 1 times, for 7 days, 2 ~ 3 times in a row. (4) The pathogen of anthrax is a kind of semi-knowledge fungus in fungi, which is harmful everywhere. The leaf spots are yellow-brown with obvious brown edges, and the later spots are covered with small black spots of cattle, which are easy to be perforated; The lesions on petiole and stem are yellow-brown prismatic spots with central depression; The diseased spots on the fruit are round and slightly concave brown spots, which are seriously affected by high temperature and high humidity. Prevention and control methods: ① Clean up fields and burn litter in time. ② The disease-free Erqi was selected as seed, soaked in 1: 1: 200 Bordeaux solution before transplanting, dried and transplanted. ③ Soak the seeds with 40% formalin 100 ~ 150 times 10 minute, wash them with clear water, dry them and sow them. ④ Spray 65% zineb 500 times or 50% bacitracin 1000 times, 7 days/kloc-0 times, 2 ~ 3 times in a row. (5) The name of rusty soil is "yellow greasy" and "yellow blister". Pathogen is a basidiomycete in fungi, which mainly harms leaves. At first, the diseased spots on the leaves are small yellow spots protruding from the needle tip, which expand in a round or radial way with irregular edges. After the spore pile of the pathogen breaks, it loses its yellow powder. Control methods: ① Cut off the stems and leaves of diseased plants in winter, and spray Bomei 1-2 degree stone sulfur mixture. (2) Spraying 200-300 times of dinitrate powder or 0.3 degree of Bomei 6 sulfur mixture or 300 times of acid steel, killing 1 time for 7 times, 2-3 times in a row. (6) The pathogen of powdery mildew is a kind of fungi, which mainly harms leaves, and the diseased leaves are covered with gray powder. Prevention and control methods: ① clear the garden in winter, cut off the leaves of diseased plants and spray Bomei 1 ~ 2 degrees stone flow mixture. ② Spraying 1000 times of 50% thiophanate methyl mixture or 0.3% thiophanate methyl mixture for 7 days 1 time, 2-3 times in a row. (7) The short bearded mite, also known as the fire spider, belongs to the Tetranychidae of Acari. Adults and nymphs gather on the back of leaves to suck juice and make webs. The leaves turn yellow and finally fall off. The disk and red fruit shrivel and shrivel after being damaged. Prevention and control methods: ① Clear the garden in winter, pick up dead leaves and burn them, and spray Bomei 1 Dose Sulfur Mixture after clearing the garden. ② Spraying 0.2-0.3 degree lime and sulfur mixed solution in April, or spraying 1 .500-2,000 times of 20% triadimefon wettable powder or 500- 1.000 times of 25% chlordimeform aqueous solution, several times a week. (8) See the prevention and control methods of ginseng for cutworms. (9) Slugs, also known as early snails or slugs, are mollusks. Take a bite of the seed and the stem and leaf will be carved. Eating at night and early in the morning is harmful. Prevention and control methods: ① Turn over the soil in winter. ② Before planting, use 300 ~ 375 kg of tea seed cake as base fertilizer per hectare. ③ Spraying lime powder or 3% lime water on the border during the occurrence period. (5) harvesting, processing and planting for more than three years can be harvested and processed. The harvest period is from June 65438+February to June 65438+ 10 or July-August (around beginning of autumn), which is generally controlled before flowering, and is called Chunqi. If the fruit is dug after it is red and ripe, it is called Dong Qi, so the roots are thin and shriveled, and the quality is poor. It is best to remove the bud at the beginning of flowering, so that its roots are full and full, and the quality is good. The drying rate in winter is not as high as that in winter. After digging, remove the stems from the ground, wash away the soil, cut off reeds (narrow intestines), branches and roots, and remove fibrous roots, which is called "head". Expose your head in the sun for a day and then rub it for the first time, lightly, so as not to break the skin, repeatedly expose it to the sun and rub it until it is completely dry, which is "wool goods". Then put the wool fabric in a sack, rent bran or rice to collide back and forth, so that the appearance is brown and black, that is, the finished product. Dry the cut reed head (sheep intestine head), branch root and fibrous root respectively, and the products are called "cutting mouth", "tendon strip" and "notoginseng root". It is feasible to dry in the rain. Better use charcoal. Put a bamboo curtain on a shelf with a height of 100cm built in advance indoors, and put Panax notoginseng on it. The fire should not be too big, the firepower should be even, and it should be turned constantly during the baking process. Kneading method is the same as above.