Like other trade barriers, green barriers will hinder the development of international trade. After setting up green barriers, the international trade volume of restricted products has declined. However, if the international trade volume of such products declines at a certain speed before setting up green barriers, it will not necessarily lead to the absolute decline of international trade volume.
2, the impact on commodity structure and geographical direction
Generally speaking, the trade of agricultural products is more affected by green barriers than by manufactured goods, the trade of labor-intensive products is more affected by green barriers than by technology-intensive products, and the foreign trade of developing countries is more affected by green barriers than by developed countries themselves. To some extent, this situation has affected the changes in the commodity structure and geographical direction of international trade, and hindered and damaged the development of foreign trade of developing countries.
3. Impact on importing countries
Green barriers, like other trade barriers, play a role in restricting imports, raising the domestic market prices of importing countries and protecting their own markets and production. Because the polluted products are kept out of the country by green barriers, consumers in importing countries enjoy healthier, safer and cleaner products. However, due to the rising price of products, consumers in importing countries must buy the goods they need at higher prices, and the manufacturers concerned get high profits from them.
4. Impact on exporting countries
The impact of green barriers on different manufacturers in exporting countries is different. For manufacturers who turn to cleaner production technology and produce green products in time, they are in a favorable position in the market. Green barriers have hindered the export of many domestic manufacturers, the competitors have dropped sharply, the export market is broad, and the price of green products has risen in the international market, which has enabled manufacturers of green products to compensate for the increased costs due to the adoption of cleaner production technologies. For those manufacturers who can't switch to cleaner production technology in time but still use the old polluting production technology, their situation will be seriously deteriorated. The domestic supply of this kind of products exceeds demand, and the backlog of products in a short time makes the price fall and the output decrease. Consumers will benefit from the price, but at the same time, they will have to bear the side effects caused by using polluted products.
5. Impact on China
In recent years, China's foreign trade is facing the challenge of more and more green trade barriers from developed countries and even developing countries. Generally speaking, green trade barriers have a negative impact on China's export market share, trade opportunities, reputation of enterprises and commodities, which leads to the decline of foreign consumers' confidence in some products in China, especially agricultural products and food, and has a long-term negative impact on China's exports. Specifically, the impact of green trade barriers on China's foreign trade is mainly reflected in the following aspects: from the market scope of product exports, China's current main export directions are still Japan, the United States, Southeast Asia, the European Union, South Korea and other countries, whose export share accounts for 80% of China's total foreign trade exports, and most of these countries (or regions) are environmentalists and advocates, and are also the birthplace of green trade barriers. The market sales of China's export commodities are easily affected by green trade barriers. From the perspective of product export growth rate, because China's export market is relatively single and fixed, once the current market sales are affected, the export growth rate will inevitably decline, especially in the case that some developed countries set up green trade barriers specifically for some commodities in China, the export of this commodity will immediately stagnate, and if countermeasures are not taken in time, it will affect the development of the whole industry. Judging from the export cost and income of enterprises, since green trade barriers mostly appear in the form of environmental standards and signs, it is necessary to invest a lot of money and manpower in technological transformation to improve environmental quality in order to realize their environmental standards and obtain their environmental signs. At the same time, the relevant inspection, testing, certification and public relations procedures and related expenses are increased, which greatly increases the cost of export products, weakens the price advantage, loses the competitiveness in the international market and reduces the export benefits of enterprises. From the perspective of China's foreign trade relations, due to more and more green trade barriers, the trade friction between China and its major trading partners is constant. If it is not handled properly, it will affect bilateral or multilateral trade relations. Therefore, we must properly deal with the impact of green trade barriers on China's foreign trade.