The preparation of the project implementation plan is not only an important basis for predicting and evaluating the financial and economic benefits of the project, but also a document to guide project implementation. Therefore, the project implementation plan plays a decisive role in the entire project. The more complex the engineering project is and the more detailed the professional division of labor is, the more comprehensive comprehensive management and overall coordinated work schedule arrangement are needed. Whether the project implementation plan is reasonable or not will be directly related to the actual construction status of the project and the economic benefits of the project.
1. Objectives of the project implementation plan
Whether the project can be completed and delivered within the scheduled construction period is one of the issues that investors are most concerned about. The basic goal of the project implementation phase is to ensure that investors have sufficient funds to implement the project until it is put into operation by determining the technical and financial impacts of different stages of project implementation. This requires full consideration of a series of interrelated investment activities that occur during the project implementation period and the financial impact they may have on the project. The implementation plan includes the following main tasks:
(1) Determine the project implementation type and relevant regulations that must be implemented.
(2) Determine the content and requirements of each work task during the project implementation stage, as well as the logical sequence of projects and links.
(3) Prepare a time-phased implementation schedule so that all work tasks are correctly positioned and sufficient time is considered to complete each task.
(4) Determine the resources and corresponding investment costs required for each task, and implement them one by one.
(5) Based on the investment estimate and cash flow statement, prepare a phased fund use plan to ensure sufficient funds during the project implementation period.
(6) Document all implementation data so that the implementation plan can be revised in a timely manner.
2. Contents of the project implementation plan
Different projects have different characteristics, implementation steps and requirements, so there will be some differences in the content and time schedule of the specific implementation work. Generally speaking, the main work in the project implementation phase includes: establishment of project implementation organization; government approval; financial planning work; establishment of organizational structure; technology introduction and transfer; basic engineering; preliminary approval of contractors, consultants and suppliers; preparation Tender documents, tender invitations and bid openings; negotiation and signing of contracts; engineering design; acquisition of land; construction projects and equipment installation; purchase of materials and spare parts; pre-production promotion; training and handover acceptance; commissioning and commissioning; trial production.
The project implementation plan is to systematically plan the main work content and corresponding time progress during the implementation of the project around the project goals. Therefore, the content of the project implementation plan is actually the content of various tasks during the project implementation period, which mainly includes the following aspects.
1. Establishing a project implementation organization
Once the project is determined, it is necessary to prepare for the establishment of an implementation organization. The realization of a project usually requires the establishment of a project implementation team, or the formation of a new company when necessary (such as an investor starting a new project that cannot be carried out in the original enterprise). The project implementation agency is the organizer and supervisor of the construction project. It plays a leading role in the entire implementation process. It has an independent organizational form administratively and independent economic accounting. Its purpose is to ensure that corresponding work is carried out according to the implementation plan so that the project can be completed. When inconsistencies with the plan occur during the implementation process, appropriate countermeasures can be formulated in a timely manner.
2. Government Approval
Generally speaking, there is a certain gap between developed and developing countries in terms of government approval procedures, time and required procedures. The implementation plan should estimate sufficient and reasonable time to obtain the necessary approval procedures to avoid obstacles. Under the current circumstances, our country implements a project approval system, and general projects must be approved by the corresponding government functional departments before they can be implemented. During the evaluation, it is necessary to examine whether the various preliminary procedures of the investor are complete.
3. Raising funds
Raising funds is a prerequisite for the implementation of the project, and a reasonable financing plan is an important factor in achieving the expected economic benefits of the project. After the investment decision is made, once the full investment cost and usage time are known, detailed arrangements for project financing must be made and consistent with the funding requirements in the project implementation plan. In addition to infrastructure investment, the funds raised for the project should also include working capital. During the project evaluation phase, a complete picture of all implementation costs should also be obtained.
4. Project organization construction
Establish a project organization structure based on the actual needs of the project.
In the stage of establishing an enterprise organization, recruiting employees is a basic task. The recruitment plan should be formulated based on the type of project and the source of labor and staff. Start training new employees at an early stage. If the training plan is not carried out as scheduled, it will cause unnecessary under-utilization of production capacity in the early stages of production.
5. Technology introduction and transfer
Technology introduction is a key factor in the implementation stage, including the introduction of industrial property rights, proprietary technologies and patents, transfer negotiations and signing, etc. Technology introduction and transfer involve many legal, economic, financial, technical and other issues, and technology negotiations take a long time. The project implementation plan should also include its time arrangement and introduction and transfer costs. If the technology provider's contract includes training, include this in the training plan. The rationality of technology introduction and transfer costs should be analyzed during analysis and evaluation.
6. Engineering design and contracting
(1) Engineering design. Engineering design is the key to the smooth implementation of the project and normal production after it is put into production. Before designing, the design unit must first be established, and the basic design information must be collected and reviewed. Engineering design generally includes preliminary design and construction design. The time required for design varies depending on the size of the project, ranging from a few months to half a year for small and medium-sized projects to half a year to a year for large projects. When estimating, anticipate the time and cost of work required.
(2) Sign the contract and order equipment. The bidding, negotiation and contracting phase includes pre-qualification of contractors, consultants and suppliers, preparation of bidding documents, bidding, bid evaluation, negotiation and contract signing. These activities should be considered with appropriate timing in order to obtain the best advice.
When ordering equipment, the delivery time should be arranged according to the on-site installation progress and the requirements of different construction stages to ensure that the order of arrival of the equipment is the optimal order based on both delivery and construction considerations. Project evaluation should identify issues that may be critical to the feasibility of the project. When testing the performance of factory equipment, it should be carried out according to the test time and conditions specified in the contract to avoid future claims and disputes.
7. Purchasing land
Purchasing land is a key step in the project, and the plan to purchase land is also an issue that investors consider early on. A comprehensive utilization plan for various possible factory site options should be drawn up; the roads inside and outside the factory area should be able to withstand the heavy transportation load during construction and for the transportation of factory production materials; local climate conditions and the possibility of infrastructure improvements should be further analyzed.
8. Construction and installation
The timing of factory construction and installation work directly determines the realization of the expected benefits of the project. The sequence of civil engineering and construction activities needs to be carefully determined based on infrastructure requirements, existing infrastructure conditions, and the arrival and installation schedule of various equipment. The main workshop and corresponding auxiliary public facilities must pay attention to supporting and synchronous construction. Installation of equipment requires timely and appropriate arrangements.
9. Material supplies and services
During implementation, arrangements are made for the delivery of the project's essential inputs. Coordinate the time and delivery of goods between buyers and sellers to ensure the quality and quantity of inputs to meet production needs.
10. Pre-production promotion
Arrange promotion plans early to prepare for product sales to ensure that the product can actually be sold as planned. Sales preparation includes: advertising planning, training sales staff and salespeople, establishing relevant organizational networks and providing special sales facilities.
11. Project acceptance and trial production
The most critical part of the project implementation phase is acceptance and handover. This link generally includes the following activities: ① Pre-operation inspection; ② Commissioning; ③ Operation test; ④ Acceptance and handover.
3. Methods for Preparing Project Implementation Plans
The main stages of project implementation plans are not strictly carried out in sequence, but are often interspersed on the basis of full consideration of time progress. Make plans or work on multiple activities at the same time. The time required for each operation activity of the project implementation can be determined separately, but the implementation progress of the entire project needs to be planned as a whole and comprehensively balanced. If the arrangement is improper and all links cannot be coordinated accurately and timely, the construction period may be prolonged, complete production capacity cannot be formed early, and the expected investment economic effects of the project will be affected.
The project implementation plan is generally implemented by preparing a project implementation schedule. There are many ways to prepare a project implementation schedule, among which the simplest and most commonly used methods are the Gantt chart method and the network diagram method.
1. Gantt chart method
The Gantt chart method is a method that uses the length of lines on a chart to represent the progress of project implementation. It was the first technology to be formally used for planning. It is mostly used to describe the initial plan and can also represent the current progress. The second main function of the Gantt chart is to intuitively reflect the relevant time information (start time, duration, end time) of the task through the position and span of the horizontal bars representing the task on the time coordinate; through the different image characteristics of the horizontal bars ( solid bars, hollow bars, etc.) to reflect the different statuses of tasks; lines with arrows are used to reflect the logical relationships between tasks. Another main function of the Gantt chart is progress control. Its working principle is to draw the actual progress of the project in the form of horizontal bars on the progress plan horizontal bar chart of the same project, so as to visually compare the gap between the actual progress and the planned progress, and as a basis for the formulation of the control plan.
The advantage of the Gantt chart is that it is simple, clear and easy to understand. The start and end dates and construction periods of each task are clearly visible on the chart. However, it cannot reflect which tasks among each task play a key role in the overall progress goal, and which tasks can be arranged more flexibly in time without affecting the achievement of the overall progress goal. Of course, it cannot reflect the tasks that can be flexibly arranged. Time range of maneuver. These characteristics of the Gantt chart are not conducive to the reasonable organization, arrangement and command of the entire system, and are not conducive to the dynamic optimization and management of the entire system. Therefore, the Gantt chart is a commonly used tool in small projects. In large-scale projects, it is mainly used to help senior project managers understand the overall situation and provide support for grassroots levels to arrange progress. In large-scale projects, the network diagram method is commonly used to formulate project schedules.
2. Network diagram method
The network diagram method is a diagram that uses a coordinating method to arrange production and construction planning work. There are two methods currently used, namely the critical path method and the plan review technique. Both methods are implementation plans that use network principles to represent the interrelationships between various tasks, and find out the critical path through calculation. The difference is that when using the critical path method, the time required for each sub-item of work is obtained based on experience, while in the plan review technique, the time required for each sub-item of work is the average value of probability estimates. Therefore, the former is suitable for more mature projects, while the latter is suitable for new projects.
Its most basic advantage is that it can intuitively reflect the interrelationships between tasks, making a plan constitute a system as a whole, thereby providing a basis for quantitative analysis of the plan. It can not only completely reveal all the work included in a plan and the relationships between them, but also use optimization principles from a mathematical level to reveal the key work of controlling the plan and cleverly arrange various tasks in the plan. , so that plan managers can make predictions about the future on a scientific basis based on information about the execution of the plan, so that the plan can be under people's supervision and control from beginning to end, with the shortest construction period, the least resources, the best process, and the lowest cost. To complete the controlled projects at the lowest cost and with the best quality.