1. To develop vaccines, it is necessary to design and determine the effective components.
It takes three months to screen and verify a virus strain with low toxicity and immunogenicity by using the most traditional methods of attenuated and inactivated wild virus strains. Such as inactivated virus or virus with weakened virulence, or selecting key protein or polypeptide, and then establishing production technology and quality control.
2. Clinical trials are needed.
The vaccine needs to complete a series of experiments and get enough data to support further application for approval to carry out clinical trials. This includes the effectiveness evaluation and safety evaluation of vaccines in animal models. If this process goes smoothly, it usually takes 1 year and a half. Next, the vaccine needs to be verified in human body, and it can only be approved after I, II and III clinical trials.
This process often takes several years and requires a lot of time and money. Therefore, it is difficult to apply the vaccine development in novel coronavirus to the current epidemic in a short time. However, in the current emergency situation, the process of research and development and approval should be greatly accelerated, which is likely to shorten the vaccine research and development cycle.
Extended data
The principle of vaccine
Vaccine is an active immune preparation made of pathogenic microorganisms (such as bacteria, rickettsia, viruses, etc.) to prevent infectious diseases. ) and its metabolites are artificially attenuated, inactivated or genetically modified. The vaccine retains the characteristics that pathogenic bacteria stimulate the immune system of animals.
When animals come into contact with this harmless pathogen, the immune system will produce certain protective substances, such as immune hormones, active physiological substances and special antibodies. When animals come into contact with this pathogen again, the animal's immune system will follow the original memory and produce more protective substances to prevent the harm of pathogens.
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