Courses:
The prototype of the battery is: Leiden bottle, a charged object placed in a glass bottle, so that electricity can be stored and used.
1799, Volt immersed a zinc plate and a silver plate in salt water, and found that a current passed through the wire connecting the two metals. So he put many pieces of flannel or paper soaked in salt water between zinc and silver, and then folded them flat. When you touch both ends with your hands, you will feel a strong current stimulus. In this way, Volt successfully made the world's first battery-"Volt reactor". This "volt stack" is actually a series battery pack. It became the power supply for early electrical experiments and telegrams.
1836, Daniel of England improved the "buried pile". He used dilute sulfuric acid as electrolyte to solve the problem of battery polarization and made the first unpolarized zinc-copper battery, also known as "Daniel battery". Since then, "Bunsen battery" and "Grove battery" with better depolarization effect have appeared one after another. However, these batteries all have the problem that the voltage decreases with the extension of service time.
1860, Plante of France invented a battery with lead as the electrode. This kind of battery is unique in that when the battery is used for a period of time to reduce the voltage, it can be energized with reverse current to increase the battery voltage. Because this kind of battery can be used repeatedly, it is called "storage battery".
Also in 1860, Reckling invented the precursor of the battery (carbon-zinc battery) which is widely used in the world. Its negative electrode is an alloy rod of zinc and mercury (the negative electrode of zinc volt prototype battery, which has been proved to be one of the best metals as negative electrode materials), while its positive electrode is a mixture of crushed manganese dioxide and carbon in a porous cup. A carbon rod is inserted into this mixture as a current collector. Both the negative electrode rod and the positive electrode cup are immersed in ammonium chloride solution as electrolyte. This system is called "wet battery". Although the battery made in Reckling is simple but cheap, it was not until 1880 that the battery invented by Reckling was replaced by the improved "dry battery". The negative electrode was improved into a zinc can (that is, the shell of the battery), and the electrolyte became paste instead of liquid. Basically, this is what we now know as a carbon-zinc battery.
1887, Englishman Hellesen invented the earliest dry battery. The electrolyte of dry battery is paste-like, does not leak and is easy to carry, so it has been widely used.
In 896, dry batteries were mass-produced in the United States.
1896 invented the d battery.
1899 Waldmar Jungner invented the nickel-cadmium battery.
Commercial production of rechargeable iron-nickel battery in 19 10.
19 1 1 year China established a factory to produce dry batteries and lead-acid batteries (battery factory of Shanghai Ministry of Communications).
19 14 Thomas Edison invented alkaline battery.
1934 Schlecht and Akermann invented the sintered plate of nickel-cadmium battery.
1947, Neumann developed a sealed nickel-cadmium battery.
1949 Lew Urry developed a small alkaline battery.
1954 Gerald Pearson, Calvin fuller and Darryl Chapin developed solar cells.
1956 strength. Make the first 9 volt battery.
1956 the first nickel-cadmium battery factory (Fengyun equipment factory (755 factory)) was built in China.
1960 or so, Union Carbide Company commercialized alkaline batteries, and China began to study alkaline batteries (jointly developed by Xi 'an Tsinghua Factory and other three companies).
Maintenance-free lead-acid batteries appear around 1970. .
Practical application of primary lithium battery before and after 1970
1976, scientists at Philips Research Center invented the Ni-MH battery.
The stable alloy for Ni-MH battery was developed around 1980.
1983, China began to study nickel-hydrogen batteries (Nankai University).
1987 the process of nickel-cadmium battery was improved in China, and the battery capacity was increased by 40% by using foamed nickel.
Commercial production of primary lithium batteries in China before 1987.
1989 The research of Ni-MH battery in China has been included in the national plan.
Corner (chewing gum) batteries appeared before 1990, and commercial production of nickel-hydrogen batteries was around 1990 solar panels.
199 1 Sony. Commercial production of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries
Karl Kordesch, Josef Gsellmann and Klaus Tomantschger obtained the patent of alkaline rechargeable battery in 1992.
1992 battery technology company produces alkaline rechargeable batteries.
1995 the commercial production of Ni-MH battery in China has begun to take shape.
1999 commercial production of rechargeable lithium polymer battery in 2000, lithium ion batteries were commercially produced in China.
After 2000, fuel cells and solar cells have become the focus of global new energy development.