Experts tell me the advantages and disadvantages of titanium alloys. What are the advantages and disadvantages of titanium alloys?
Titanium alloys have the advantages of light weight, high specific strength, and good corrosion resistance, so they are widely used in the automobile industry. The most common use of titanium alloys is in automobile engine systems. There are many benefits to using titanium alloys to make engine parts. [1]
The low density of titanium alloy can reduce the inertial mass of moving parts. At the same time, titanium valve springs can increase free vibration, weaken the vibration of the car body, and increase the engine speed and output power.
Reduce the inertial mass of moving parts, thereby reducing friction and improving engine fuel efficiency. Choosing titanium alloy can reduce the load stress of related parts and reduce the size of parts, thereby reducing the weight of the engine and the entire vehicle. The reduction of the inertial mass of components reduces vibration and noise and improves engine performance. The application of titanium alloys in other components can improve personnel comfort and the aesthetics of cars. In applications in the automotive industry, titanium alloys have played an immeasurable role in energy saving and consumption reduction.
Although titanium alloy parts have such superior properties, there is still a long way to go before titanium and its alloys are widely used in the automotive industry. The reasons include high price, poor formability and poor welding performance. etc. questions.
The main reason that hinders the widespread application of titanium alloys in the automotive industry is the high cost.
Whether it is the initial smelting of the metal or subsequent processing, the price of titanium alloys is much higher than that of other metals. The cost of titanium parts that the automobile industry can accept is 8 to 13 US dollars/kg for connecting rods, 13 to 20 US dollars for valves, and 8 for springs, engine exhaust systems, and fasteners. Below USD/kg. It is 6 to 15 times that of aluminum plates and 45 to 83 times that of steel plates. Advantages and Disadvantages of Titanium Alloys
High melting point, low density, very good corrosion resistance, advantages and disadvantages of pure titanium implants and titanium alloys
Pure titanium implants are generally called "biological titanium" ” is mainly used as raw material for medical devices such as vascular stents that are implanted in the body. It is characterized by high purity, permanent non-corrosion, and good human affinity. Titanium alloy is an alloy made by adding other metal materials to titanium. It has the advantages of better toughness and low price, but it cannot compare with pure titanium in terms of strength, corrosion resistance, comfort, and texture. What are the differences between titanium alloys and zinc alloys, as well as their advantages and disadvantages.
The density of titanium alloys is generally around 4.5g/cm3, which is only 60% of steel. The strength of pure titanium is only close to the strength of ordinary steel. Some high-strength titanium alloys exceed the strength of many alloy structural steels. . Therefore, the specific strength (strength/density) of titanium alloy is much greater than that of other metal structural materials
1. Characteristics of zinc alloy
1. Specific gravity.
2. It has good casting performance and can die-cast precision parts with complex shapes and thin walls, and the surface of the castings is smooth.
3. Surface treatment available: electroplating, spraying, and spray painting.
4. It does not attract iron during melting and die-casting, does not corrode the mold, and does not stick to the mold.
5. It has good mechanical properties and wear resistance at room temperature.
6. It has a low melting point, melts at 385°C, and is easy to die-cast into raft rods. Titanium alloy rods have some advantages and disadvantages
I have also made string hooks for many years, including rock rods, raft rods, I have used sea rods. I personally think that if you have a softer sea rod or raft rod on hand, you can use it. The premise is that you need to change the thin line. If you want to buy one, for winter fishing, the rocky pole is more advantageous because the rocky pole is longer. , easy to throw, taking into account both distance and distance. The pole of the raft is shorter, and if the string hook is hung, the requirements for throwing the pole are high, and novices often cannot throw it accurately. Moreover, the rocky rod is slightly thinner and softer, and the signal is more sensitive, so it is suitable for catching fish with light bites in winter. As for the length, it is recommended to buy 4.5 meters, because you bought the pole not only for winter use, right? The 4.5-meter rocky pole can also be used to fight giants in summer, which is more versatile and more affordable.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Alloys
Advantages of Alloys:
1. Lower the melting point and facilitate casting.
2. Add some special features. For example: aluminum alloy, aluminum alloy is made of pure aluminum with some alloying elements, such as aluminum-manganese alloy, aluminum-copper alloy, aluminum-copper-magnesium hard aluminum alloy, aluminum-zinc-magnesium-copper super hard aluminum alloy. Aluminum alloy has better physical and mechanical properties than pure aluminum: easy processing, high durability, wide application range, good decorative effect, and rich colors.
For example, the advantages of magnesium alloy are low density, high specific strength and specific stiffness, strong earthquake resistance, and can withstand large impact loads; at the same time, it has good cutting and polishing properties, and is an ideal material for aerospace, instrumentation , important structural materials in industrial sectors such as transportation and transportation.
3. The hardness of the alloy is greater than the metals of which it is composed. For example, aluminum alloy
Disadvantages of alloys:
1. Some alloys are prone to electrochemical corrosion (forming galvanic cells)
There are few disadvantages of titanium alloy watch straps What are the pros and cons?
The titanium alloy watch strap is lightweight and does not feel cold because it conducts heat slowly. No allergies.
Titanium is an important structural metal developed in the 1950s. Titanium alloys are widely used in various fields because of their high strength, good corrosion resistance, and high heat resistance.
Many countries in the world have recognized the importance of titanium alloy materials, have successively conducted research and development on them, and have obtained practical applications.
The first practical titanium alloy was the Ti-6Al-4V alloy successfully developed in the United States in 1954. Due to its heat resistance, strength, plasticity, toughness, formability, weldability, and corrosion resistance, It has good chemical resistance and biocompatibility, and has become the trump card alloy in the titanium alloy industry. The usage of this alloy accounts for 75 to 85% of all titanium alloys.
Many other titanium alloys can be regarded as modifications of Ti-6Al-4V alloy.
In the 1950s and 1960s, high-temperature titanium alloys for aerospace engines and structural titanium alloys for airframes were mainly developed. In the 1970s, a batch of corrosion-resistant titanium alloys were developed. Since the 1980s, corrosion-resistant titanium alloys Alloys and high-strength titanium alloys have been further developed.
The use temperature of heat-resistant titanium alloys has increased from 400°C in the 1950s to 600~650°C in the 1990s. The emergence of A2(Ti3Al) and r(TiAl) based alloys.
The titanium used in the engine is pushed from the cold end of the engine (fan and compressor) to the hot end of the engine (turbine). Structural titanium alloys are developing towards high strength, high plasticity, high strength and toughness, high modulus and high damage tolerance. What are the advantages and disadvantages of aluminum-titanium alloy doors and galvanized doors
(1) Aluminum profiles
Aluminum is one of the non-ferrous metals in the metal category. Due to its wide application, it is introduced separately. As follows: There are two commonly used aluminum profiles and die-cast aluminum alloys. Among them, aluminum ingots with a purity of over 92 are used as the main raw materials, and metal elements such as carbon, magnesium, silicon, sulfur, etc. are added to increase strength, hardness, wear resistance and other properties to form a multi-component "alloy".
1.1 Aluminum profiles
Aluminum profiles are common such as screens, aluminum windows, etc. It uses an extrusion molding process, that is, after raw materials such as aluminum ingots are melted in a furnace, they are extruded through an extruder until they flow out of the mold. It can also extrude profiles of various cross-sections. The main properties, namely strength, hardness and wear resistance, are all in accordance with the national standard GB6063. The advantages are: light weight only 2.8, no rust, fast design changes, low mold investment, and longitudinal extension of up to 10 meters or more. The appearance of aluminum profiles can be divided into bright and matte. Its treatment process adopts anodizing treatment, and the surface treatment oxide film reaches a thickness of 0.12m/m. The wall thickness of aluminum profiles is selected based on the optimization of product design. Thicker is not better in the market. It should be designed based on the cross-sectional structural requirements. It can be uneven between 0.5~5mm. Laymen think that thicker and tougher, but this is actually a wrong view.
The surface quality of aluminum profiles also has defects that are difficult to overcome: warping, deformation, black lines, convex and concave lines, and white lines. Those with high level of designers and reasonable mold design and production process can avoid the above defects and make them less obvious. Inspection of defects should be carried out according to national inspection methods, that is, the viewing distance is 40~50CM to identify defects.
Aluminum profiles are widely used in furniture: screen frames, various suspension beams, table legs, decorative strips, handles, wire troughs and covers, chair tubes, etc., which can be designed and used in ever-changing ways !
Although aluminum profiles have many advantages, they also have disadvantages:
Aluminum that has not been oxidized is prone to "rusting", resulting in a decrease in performance, and its longitudinal strength is not as good as For iron products, the wear resistance of the surface oxide layer is not as good as that of the electroplated layer and is easy to scratch. The cost is higher, about 3 to 4 times higher than the cost of iron products.
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1.2 Die-casting aluminum alloy
Compared with the processing methods of die-casting alloys and profiles, the equipment used is different, and its raw materials Aluminum ingots (purity around 92) and alloy materials are melted in a furnace and molded into a die-casting machine. The shape of die-cast aluminum products can be designed like toys, with different shapes to facilitate connection in various directions. In addition, it has high hardness and strength. , and can be mixed with zinc to form zinc-aluminum alloy
Die-cast aluminum molding process is divided into:
1. Die-casting
2. Rough polishing to remove mold residue. Material
3. Fine polishing;
On the other hand, the die-casting aluminum production process requires molds to be manufactured. The mold cost is very expensive, higher than other molds such as injection molds. At the same time, mold maintenance is very difficult, and it is difficult to reduce materials to repair when there is a design error.
Disadvantages of die-cast aluminum:
The number of processes per production should be large, and the cost of polishing is relatively low. The cost of products with slow cycle times is about 3 to 4 times higher than that of injection molded parts. The screw holes should be larger (diameter 4.5mm) to have a stable connection force. It can be used in: table legs, table connectors, decorative heads, aluminum profile sealing parts, table tops and Coffee table tops, etc., have a wide range.
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The concept of "hardware" is a popular term. The standard classification should be divided into two categories: ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals. It is used in furniture in the form of tubes and rods. , plate, line and angle shapes
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2.1 Ferrous metal parts
Mainly refers to iron products. Its advantages are: : Resistant to deformation, extremely high strength, good wear resistance, high hardness, low price, long life. It is a carbon iron alloy. It is divided into high carbon steel, low carbon steel and medium carbon steel; it is divided into round tube, square tube and angle. Several types of iron and steel plates. Round tubes are mainly used for chair products; square tubes are used for beams and brackets; steel plates are mainly used for table baffles, screen panels, pendants, brackets, metal cabinets, doors, etc.
Disadvantages of steel products:
1. Easy to rust
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3. Afraid of moisture
Methods to solve the above defects There are electroplating, spraying, black and blue processing, etc.
There are many methods for processing and forming hardware: bending, punching, drilling, welding, cutting, and pressing. In short, according to the design requirements or products. Processing is required.
2.2 Non-ferrous metal parts
Refers to all metal parts except iron products such as aluminum, copper, zinc, stainless steel, etc. It is not easy to rust and has poorer strength than ferrous metals. It is commonly used in furniture: aluminum plates, aluminum rods, stainless steel tubes, stainless steel plates, copper plates, and zinc plates.
Stainless steel parts: Stainless steel parts are divided into two categories: stainless iron and stainless steel: often called "430" for stainless iron, "304" for pure stainless steel, one of the ways to identify them is to test with a magnet , "430" can be attracted by magnets, but "304" cannot. The proportion of stainless steel parts is slightly higher than that of iron products, but the price is as much as four times higher than that of iron products. Therefore, only high-end products are used.
Copper products: Copper products are divided into pure copper and copper alloy. Pure copper, also known as red copper, has poor strength and hardness, but good toughness. Among copper alloys, brass is mostly used in furniture. It is a zinc-based alloy copper. The price of pure copper is slightly higher than that of "304" stainless copper by 30 to 40 yuan, while brass is 20 yuan cheaper than pure copper. Copper alloy has slightly higher hardness and strength than stainless copper, but it is easy to break and more brittle. Copper parts used in furniture are mainly handles and embedded screws. In order to prevent "rust", pure copper generally needs to be electroplated before use, while brass does not need to be used, and there are fewer products used in large-scale furniture.
Zinc products: Pure zinc products are rarely used and are mainly used in combination with zinc alloy or steel. Such as galvanized sheets, electrolytic sheets, etc. It is less used in furniture because zinc products have poor strength. Zinc alloy accessories such as eccentric buckles, structural parts connection points (pieces), etc. The specific gravity of zinc alloy is slightly lower than that of iron, about 6.8, and the price is between steel and aluminum alloy. Most zinc alloys are produced in the form of die castings for furniture accessories
Titanium and zirconium alloys: these are more expensive metals. It is mostly used in furniture in the form of electroplating, and is used in high-end handles, hinges, high-end exposed connectors or hotel furniture. The electroplating cost is about 40 RMB higher than the chrome plating cost, but the appearance is high-end, similar to gold and silver products, the wear resistance is very good, and it will not rust.
2.3 Casting metal
Many furniture hardware products use castings, such as handles, door hinges, etc. Currently, there are many casting production processes popular in the market, such as: precision casting process, Die casting process, casting process. Casting materials include brass, stainless steel, zinc-tin alloy, and aluminum alloy. Casting product features: exquisite, special shape, etc. The disadvantage is that the cost of a single piece is high, and the process costs of different castings are different, ranging from high to low, precision casting and die casting. The mold cost from high to low is: die casting and precision casting. The disadvantages of casting products are: the production cycle is slightly longer, and the product needs to go through 2 to 3 processes before it can be made into qualified accessories. The accessories also need to be electroplated, polished, wire drawing, sand blasting, oil spraying and other surface decoration treatments according to different requirements. Advantages and Disadvantages of Zinc Alloy and Aluminum Alloy
I only found these information, I hope it will be helpful to the original poster! Take casting as an example
Zinc alloy has a hardness of 65-140 and a tensile strength of 260-440
Aluminum alloy has a hardness of 45-90 and a tensile strength of 120-290
Overall, zinc alloy is harder than aluminum alloy and has greater tensile strength. The usage conditions are also different
lzYou can look at the mechanical design manual. Such differences are not of much use. Their difference is too big. Aluminum alloy has good plasticity but low strength, but its specific strength is higher. It is suitable for medium structural materials that carry large weights. Both aluminum alloy and zinc alloy have better corrosion resistance. Zinc alloy It is harder than aluminum alloy and has greater tensile strength, but there is no absolute limit. Aluminum alloys have low density and high hardness. For example, 2*** series and 7*** series alloys have very high hardness and relatively good tensile strength. The main difference between them is the composition. The main element of zinc alloy is zinc, which is generally greater than 85. The main element of aluminum alloy is aluminum, which is generally greater than 87. It depends on the type and grade of the alloy. A simple understanding is that zinc alloy is added with zinc. Other alloy elements, aluminum alloys are also alloys based on zinc and added with other elements. Zinc alloy has a low melting point, good fluidity (can cast thin-walled parts), is easy to weld, braze and plastic process, is corrosion-resistant in dry air and atmosphere, and is easy to recycle and remelt residual materials; but has low creep strength , natural aging will cause size changes. Zinc alloys can be divided into two categories: cast zinc alloys and deformed zinc alloys according to the manufacturing process. The output of cast alloys is much greater than that of wrought alloys. The following table lists the composition, properties and uses of several important zinc alloys.
Cast zinc alloys are divided into pressure cast zinc alloys (solidified under external pressure) and gravity cast zinc alloys (solidified only under the action of gravity) according to different casting methods.
Pressure casting zinc alloy Since its application in the automobile industry in 1940, this alloy has developed rapidly and its output has increased dramatically. About 25% of total zinc consumption is used to produce this alloy. The most commonly used alloy system is the Zn-Al-Cu-Mg system.
Aluminum can refine grains, improve the strength and impact toughness of zinc, and can significantly reduce the corrosion of iron containers by molten zinc, avoid welding or adhesion of castings and die-casting molds, and make zinc alloys more durable. Produced in a hot chamber type die-casting machine to increase productivity. The suitable content of aluminum is about 3.5 to 4.3%.
Copper can improve the strength, hardness and corrosion resistance of zinc alloys, but adding too much will reduce the impact toughness and dimensional stability of the alloy after aging. The maximum copper content in die-cast zinc alloy is 1.25%, and it is best to control it below 1%. If the casting is very large or requires high dimensional stability, an alloy with a lower copper content should be selected.
Magnesium can reduce material corrosion in die-cast zinc alloys and can also eliminate the harmful effects of lead, tin and other impurities; the magnesium content is about 0.01 to 0.08%, usually no more than 0.05%. If the content is too high, thermal brittleness will occur, making casting difficult.
Certain impurities significantly affect the properties of die-cast zinc alloys. Therefore, the content of impurities such as iron, lead, cadmium, and tin is extremely restricted. The upper limits are 0.005%, 0.004%, 0.003%, and 0.02% respectively. Therefore, die-cast zinc alloy should use high-purity zinc with a purity greater than 99.99% as raw material.
Gravity cast zinc alloys can be cast in sand, plaster molds or die molds. This zinc alloy not only has the characteristics of general die-cast zinc alloys, but also has high strength, good casting performance, cooling rate has no obvious impact on mechanical properties, residual and scrap materials can be recycled, simple gate, insensitive to overheating and remelting, shrinkage It has small rate, few pores, can be electroplated, and can be finished by conventional methods.
Deformed zinc alloy In addition to traditional varieties of deformed zinc alloys used in industry, Zn-1Cu-0.1Ti and Zn-22Al alloys have appeared. After the former alloy is rolled, the dispersed particles of TiZn15 intermetallic compounds are arranged in rows along the rolling direction, which can hinder the movement of grain boundaries, thus significantly improving the creep strength. This zinc alloy has fine grains and good low-temperature plasticity. In addition to using general forming methods to produce products, it can also be rolled into profiles with complex shapes. Zn-22Al alloy has superplasticity under certain conditions.