Dashengkui was a famous name on the grassland a hundred years ago. Dashengkui firm is known as "the first firm in grassland". The great cause established by the Han people on the grassland is a milestone in Mongolian-Chinese trade and even Sino-Russian trade, and it also leaves an indelible mark on ethnic exchanges and integration.
Wang Xiangqing is a bit reckless, straightforward and loyal. He grew up with his sister when his parents died young. He is a boastful "Wang Erwa" in everyone's mouth, and "likes to eat swan meat", and has a crush on Miss Sun Xiangyu, the imperial merchant. Laughed at and bullied by Sun Wenju, the master of bamboo slips, Wang Xiangqing decided to pack his bags and become a civilian in the army, traveling on the grassland with the rebels who conquered Mongolian Grdan by Emperor Kangxi. It was here that he met Jason and Shi University. As a civilian worker in the ranks of centurions, Shi University is stingy and unpopular, and constantly conflicts with him. At this time, Jason, who was leading the camel, appeared. Wang Xiangqing found that this stranger was actually his own "fellow countryman", and he was even more excited and at a loss. But unexpectedly, the first disaster in his life was also the first turning point, so it appeared. [6]
The TV series "Da Shengkui" consists of a trilogy of starting a business, developing a career and closing down, with a span consistent with the history of Da Shengkui:
The first "Entrepreneurship" can be called China's version of Slumdog Millionaire, which tells the struggles of the three founders of Dashengkui, and their contradictions and struggles with Mongolian, Han, Hui and Manchu nationalities in the past century.
The second Starry Night is based on the novel Da Sheng Kui Xing by Deng Jiugang, a famous writer in Inner Mongolia. /kloc-in the middle and late 9th century, under the background of great historical changes in modern China and the rise of "commercial war" between China and the West, two new generation managers, Wang Tingxiang and Gu Haideng Dashengkui, were taken as the protagonists, showing how they worked hard to make progress, and finally lived up to their predecessors and created greater glories.
The third "Out of Business" is the most tragic. At the beginning of the 20th century, great changes have taken place in the world and China, and the fate of Dashengkui came to an end.
Through the intricate contradictions and entanglements, the mutual blending of different nationalities and the love and hate of many characters, the three dramas carry forward the spiritual soul of Chinese businessmen who are self-reliant, persevering, taking justice as the benefit and taking morality as their neighbor at the level of system construction.
The founders of Dashengkui are not wealthy businessmen, but three vendors. It turned out that during the Kangxi period, when the Qing government put down the rebellion in galdan, Junggar, because the army went deep into Mobei, "the land was barren, sometimes there was no water, and it was particularly bitter to transport grain to sandy places such as the vast sea", so merchants were allowed to trade with the army. Among the businessmen who participated in the military trade, there were the historians from Taigu, Shanxi and Qixian, Shanxi, and Jason from Qixian, Shanxi kept abreast. Although the three of them have less capital and less business, they are fair in buying and selling, considerate in service and very prosperous in business. After the Qing army defeated the Galdin army, the main force moved to Daqingshan, and the supply troops were transported from Youyu in Shanxi to Shahukou. The three of them opened a business name Jishengtang in Shahukou. At the end of Kangxi, it was renamed Dashengkui, which was the process of establishing Dashengkui's firm.
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The headquarters of Dashengkui was originally located in Sutai, Ujah, and then moved to Guihua City (Hohhot). The basic activity areas are Sutai and Cobuduo in Ujah. Shop assistants in Ukraine and Kuwait lived in cabinets for three years. After learning Mongolian, they formed several groups and sold goods in tents on the grassland. Basically, a shop assistant, another Mongolian, two people riding two camels, two camels carrying goods. The trafficked goods include brick tea, raw cigarettes, foreign cloth, twill cloth, needle and thread, etc., which are delivered to the door by Mongolian yurts. In the summer, I sold the goods and replaced them with sheep and horses; I sold the goods in winter and replaced them with leather sheets. During the Tongzhi period, Dashengkui saw that tea and cigarettes sold well. In order to adapt to the taste of Mongolians and facilitate transportation, he cooperated with tea merchants and tobacco merchants to produce famous brands such as "Sanjiu Brick Tea" and "Auspicious Tobacco". Moreover, the more refined and stereotyped, it is quite popular among Mongolian people. Dashengkui trafficked goods from all over the country to Mongolia for sale. There are three main ways to supply goods: one is to purchase in Guihuacheng market at any time; Two, to order from foreign merchants in Cheng Guihua, or to order from foreign merchants in Cheng Guihua; Third, send people to the place of origin to purchase.
Dashengkui has a set of buying and ordering methods. All bulk commodities with a total price of less than 300 Liang are traded in cash, and the price is uncontroversial, indicating that they are kind to "Faxiang". But if the price is high and the goods are inferior, we will never be with * * * again. The practice of Dashengkui is well known, and no one dares to cheat. For the ordering of handicrafts, the selected craftsmen will be passed down from generation to generation, and the processing households will not be changed casually. When craftsmen are short of funds and have difficulty in turnover, they borrow money to support them. In this way, Dashengkui has the preemptive right to the handicrafts of these processors. Dashengkui hosted a banquet for the "Xianghe" firm every account period to express his kindness to the "Xianghe" firm. However, the banquet is thick and thin: any firm that has a long opening time or a large supply will invite all the staff of the company and invite the manager to the best restaurant for dinner; Generally speaking, only one guest is invited to an ordinary banquet. Those who eat good banquets are proud of their friendship with Dashengkui. In this way, Dashengkui expanded his influence. Dashengkui buys and sells a wide variety of goods, known as "the collection of 22 provinces' exotic goods". For example:
Brick tea: mainly produced in Hunan. The box size of Dashengkui's brick tea is fixed. There is a box of 36 pieces called Sanliu Tea, which is specially sold to merchants in Zhangjiakou. There is a box of 24 pieces called Si 'er Cuisine, which is sold exclusively in osmanthus, Baotou and other places. The Mongolians in Ulyasutai and Keshiduo like it best. The other is 39 pieces of Sanjiu brick tea per box. Dashengkui transports more than 4,000 boxes of Sanjiu brick tea to Mongolia, Ukraine, Kuwait and other places every year, each box is worth 12 or 32 taels of silver, with a total value of about 50,000 taels.
Original tobacco: mainly produced in Quwo County, Shanxi Province. Raw cigarettes are packaged in a certain way, each 180 packs, and each pack 10. Dashengkui sells Mongolian raw cigarettes 1000 every year, and the value of each raw cigarette is 23420, with a total value of nearly 234200.
Satin: Dashengkui sells 4,000 pieces of Mongolian silks and satins and 6,000 pieces of foreign and twill fabrics every year. Among silks and satins, koji is the most important, Henan koji is the best, and twill accounts for about four-fifths of the cloth. Because of its durability, it is very popular among Mongolian people.
Sugar: Dashengkui sells more than 10,000 Jin of Mongolian sugar every year, mainly rock sugar. Brown sugar is produced in Guangdong, while white sugar and rock sugar are produced in Fujian.
Iron: Dashengkui sells a lot of Mongolian iron every year. Iron pots come from southeastern Shanxi and Mengxian, shovels from Yuci, Shanxi, and iron bars from Changzhi, Shanxi. Iron pot per bite 1.28 yuan, shovel each five or six yuan.
Mongolian boots: Dashengkui sells more than 10,000 pairs of Mongolian boots every year, all made of fragrant cowhide. There are all kinds of Yun Yun (patterned) boots, each pair of 12 silver; Curious boots, 8 taels of silver per pair; Four forgotten boots, three taels of silver each.
Wooden Bowl: Dashengkui sells wooden bowls worth more than 10,000 taels of silver in Mongolia every year, which are produced in Wutai Mountain and Lanxian County, Shanxi Province. Mongolian people like wooden tableware, because it is easy to carry, and drinking hot milk and tea doesn't burn their mouths.
Medicinal materials: Dashengkui sells two kinds of medicinal materials to Mongolia: one is used by lamas to treat diseases, 72 kinds, 48 kinds and 24 kinds of medicinal materials are packed in medicine bags respectively, and the names and functions of the medicinal materials are marked in Mongolian, Chinese and Tibetan. The other medicine is for livestock.
Livestock: The livestock that Dashengkui trafficked from Mongolia to the inland are mainly sheep and horses. It is said that at least/kloc-0.0 million sheep and as many as 200,000 horses are sold every year, and at least 5,000 horses are sold every year. It is rare for a firm like Dashengkui to traffic sheep and horses for a long time in the history of China.
Frozen mutton: Because there is no grass along the road in winter, it is difficult to transport live sheep in the mainland. Dashengkui trafficked frozen mutton to Beijing and other places. Frozen mutton is transported and sold by slaughtering, skinning, removing the head, hoofs and five internal organs, leaving only two meat plates, removing the bones and rolling them into meat rolls. At night, the meat is placed on a mat and frozen overnight in an "freezer". The so-called "ice room" is built around the ceiling with wooden boards. Cold water is poured on the floor of the room and ice cubes are placed on it. When transporting and selling, take the meat out of the "freezer" and wrap it, so as to keep it fresh. Then it is transported to the sales place by vehicles, camels, etc.
Fur: Tangnuu Liang Hai, which belongs to Mongolian Urantai, is rich in animal skins, and Dashengkui exchanges them with Orion in the form of credit. Animal skins are generally converted in mink units, such as 1 piece of lynx skin, otter skin or leopard skin is equal to 3 pieces of mink; A fox or wolf skin is equal to half a mink; A squirrel's skin is equivalent to one fortieth of that of a mink. Dashengkui also made friends with Qing government officials. Every year, when officials select tribute skins, Dashengkui will also send people to participate in order to obtain excellent skins. Therefore, Dashengkui has an advantage in managing skin and has high profits. Most of these leathers are transported to Datong for processing and made into precious leather products for sale in the mainland. Most of the sheepskin is shipped to Shunde and Jiaocheng County. Most of the wool is sold to Zuoyun, Youyu and Hunyuan in Shanxi, and most of the cowhide is sold to Zhangjiakou.
In its heyday, Dashengkui almost monopolized the Mongolian animal husbandry market, and most Mongolian princes and herders were its debtors. The firm pays dividends every three years, and the maximum dividend per share can reach more than 12 thousand. Dashengkui Commercial Bank is a joint-stock company, but its share capital is very special. In addition to silver stocks and body stocks, there are special wealth stocks and dog stocks. It is said that the origin of Fortune shares is that the business of this firm was not smooth when it was first established. By the New Year's Eve, Shi and Zhang Jie have been unable to open the pot, so they can only drink some rice soup for the New Year. At this time, a strong man wearing a Mongolian robe and carrying a parcel came to eat to satisfy his hunger. Seeing passers-by, the three warmly received and gave their only rice soup to the strong man. After drinking rice soup, the strong man said he would go out to do something, so he left his bag and left. Since then, the strong man has never returned. So the three of them opened the parcel and saw that it was a bag of silver. After visiting the strong man many times, there was no whereabouts. After discussion, the three of them decided to temporarily misappropriate the money left by the strong man as the capital of the firm to expand their business. Since then, the business of the firm has been very smooth and made a lot of money. The three of them felt that in their most difficult time, it was the God of Wealth who became a strong person and brought them capital. He left the money in the original strong man's bag as a stock of wealth, and recorded the dividend of this stock in the "Wanjin account" as a guarantee. At the same time, in order to commemorate the day when they drink rice soup on New Year's Eve, the firm is required to drink rice soup on the first day of the first month of each year. There is also a story about dog stocks: it is said that there was a disaster in Cullen once, and food prices soared. In order to report this information to Zong Hao, Cullen asked a dog to take the letter to naturalization (now Hohhot). When Zong Hao received the letter from the dog, he immediately bought a lot of food, hoarded it and made huge profits. In order to commemorate the success of this business, I specially gave the dog a copy. Another story is: once, a manager of Dashengkui business fell ill on the way across the grassland, so he asked a dog to report back to the General, which saved the manager's life and gave him a copy.
At the end of Qing Dynasty, due to the expanding Russian aggression in Mongolia, Xinjiang and Northeast China, Dashengkui's business was affected and became increasingly depressed. Later, with the success of the Russian revolution and the independence of Outer Mongolia, Dashengkui lost his commercial capital and market in these two places. In addition, Dashengkui's firm used improper personnel in the later period, and some shopkeepers squandered money alarmingly, and misappropriation of funds occurred frequently. 1929, Dashengkui, a firm that ruled Saibei for more than 200 years, finally declared bankruptcy, ending its history.
Sheng da kui pai bian
Dashengkui plaque is the existing physical evidence of Dashengkui's firm. As follows:
1. Description of the tablet of divine spectrum: The word "divine spectrum" is written on it, which is an auspicious day in the 16th year of Qing Daoguang, and was presented by "the chief leader of the Khufu Society, the abundant bureau Guo Changyu, Wantong Xuan and Guang Shun Heng" at that time.
Background: In the early Qing Dynasty, Guihuacheng had a "Chonghoutang" organization similar to a business meeting, and the host was "homesickness". Dashengkui, Yuanshengde and Tianyide were the three major firms at that time, and then there was the "collection club", which was the general affairs department of the three major companies, and Dashengkui belonged to this club. Then came the "Qinglong Society" and "Khufu Society". With the increase of the number of clubs, Chonghoutang began to contact fifteen clubs directly, and then the club contacted the following merchants. Each institution has a "general manager" position, which is held by each institution in turn, and Dashengkui plays a leading role in it. The "Khufu Society" mentioned in the plaque is.
2. Description of the life-giving plaque: The words "God gives life" are written on it, and the seal of "Khufu Society" is engraved in the center on the right, and the words "Zhang Rucheng, General Manager of Xingtai Cheng Zheng, Wang Shide, Deputy General Manager of Wan Qingheng, and Wang Shoushan are auspicious" are written in the center below.
Background: The above-mentioned are the general managers of various social organizations at that time.
3. Description of the tablet entrusted to you: It reads "entrusted to you" and "rebuilt in September in the eighth year of Jiaqing and the eleventh year of Tongzhi". Names of signature managers-Li Leng, Xu Fu, Wang Zhifa and others; On the right is engraved the words "Jingxian Society is the first public"; At the bottom, there are 74 names
Background: Judging from the time on the plaque, it shows that the plaque at that time experienced several dynasties. According to research, it belongs to "Jingxian Society". "Jingxian Society" is an association of Mongolian businessmen and the earliest joint-stock company in Asia at that time. The name of the plaque has a beautiful meaning, that is, pray for the gods to bless its descendants.
4. Description of the plaque of Shen Yuan Silent Games: The words "Shen Yuan Silent Games" are written on it, which is the first anniversary of Daoguang for three years, and it is dedicated to shops such as Chengyuan Zhang, Sheng Xing Building, Beihuijing Building and Fuyuan Building.
Background: All its subordinate shops belong to Mongolian businessmen. Most of the semicolon names signed on the plaque are dashengkui semicolon names. Other famous companies also came to congratulate them. "Fuyuan Building" is the name of the Qiao family firm mentioned in the TV series "Qiao Family Courtyard" some time ago.
5. Description of You Yong plaque: It says "You Yong plaque". On the left side, the words "September is auspicious in the eighth year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty" are engraved, and on the right side, the words "Reconstruction in the ninth year of Guangxu" are presented by clubs and managers such as nine planets Xia Yelun, Yuan Dekui and He Shunxing.
Background note: judging from the contents of the plaque, it should belong to the plaque in the eighth year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty. According to research, all the shops under its name belonged to Mongolian businessmen at that time.
6. A saint who governs the world
Description of the plaque: The words "sage of the classics" are written on it, which means "the moon stands auspicious in the year of Qianlong" and "the first knock of Huang San society", and are presented by social organizations such as sage of the classics Wang Chengyuan.
Background: The plaque of "Ruling the Sage of the World" was presented to the royal family by Mongolian businessman Da Shengkui. At that time, the royal family handed over the business of printing "Dragon Seal" to Dashengkui, and the Huang Sanshe mentioned in the plaque was given the task of "collecting taxes" by the royal family. The "Dragon Seal" issued by the Qing government to Da Shengkui is not only a business license, but also a patent license in essence, which stipulates the scope of "printing tickets". At that time, only Da Shengkui and Tian Yide enjoyed this privilege. With this privilege, business will be more convenient and profits will be more abundant.
7. Description of the plaque on the Jade Emperor Pavilion: The words "Jade Emperor Pavilion" are written on it, the words "Social Courtesy to Consul General" are engraved on the left side, and the words "Reconstruction of the Moon in the 17th year of the Republic of China" are engraved on the right side, which were respectively presented by Dezhong, Zhao Gengfu, Rui Hecheng and others.
Background: The original site of Huang Yu Pavilion is located in Cezanne Old Street, Hohhot. At that time, Cheng Guihua gradually developed through frequent trade with Xinjiang and Mongolia. Backpackers' long journey enables mainland materials to communicate with local products in the northwest border, which not only plays a positive role in the production and life of ethnic minorities, but also promotes the development of industrial and agricultural production in the mainland. According to the relevant historical records of Yuhuang Pavilion, in the 14th year of Qianlong (1749), clubs such as Jushengqi and Fushengqi sold camels from outer Mongolia in batches in Qiaotuo through dental procedures. Due to the frequent transportation of goods and the surge of consignment shops, the organization of consignment agencies has expanded year by year. After the Revolution of 1911, Guisui County also set up a Toyo office in Taipingzhao. Until War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, there are still traces of it.
This is the only seven big sunflower slices in the world. They are Mi Fang, Shen Yuan Mo Yun, You Yong Yuan Ou, Shi Zhi Son and Jade Emperor Pavilion, which have become extremely precious cultural relics.
Recently, it was reported that three of Dashengkui's plaques were gold nanmu plaques, which were appraised by experts from the Palace Museum in Beijing.
? They didn't have a job, started a business, and worked hard for a long time. Finally, they broke out of their own world and occupied it, getting bigger and better, and more and more people accepted them. But everything has its ups and downs. Are they too? I hope we can break the curse of not being rich for three generations, and pass on our family and our blood forever and never decline. (=^? ^=)
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