Secondly, take our commonly used GSM network for example, there are tens of thousands of patented technologies on these devices, from servers, base stations, transfer stations to terminals (that is, mobile phones), so the telecom operators have to pay royalties for which technologies they use; Similarly, mobile phone manufacturers pay royalties for the technologies they use.
Finally, although China's operators set up their own networks, many devices are purchased from abroad or used by others' patented technology, so they have to pay.