1. field investigation: this is a method of actively collecting data, and the original data are obtained through field interviews, observations or experiments. For example, questionnaires, experimental studies or interviews with relevant personnel can be conducted to obtain data on this topic.
2. Literature research: By consulting the existing academic literature and materials, relevant data and information can be obtained. This includes books, journal articles, reports, statistics and databases. Through literature review and analysis, the data of existing research results can be obtained and integrated and analyzed.
3. Statistical data: Use publicly released statistical data, such as data provided by government departments, research institutions or international organizations, to support research purposes. These data are usually published in the form of reports, statistical yearbooks and survey data, which can be used to analyze social, economic or other fields.
4. Sampling survey: A part of the target group is selected by random or systematic sampling to represent the characteristics of the whole group. Sampling survey can be face-to-face interview, online survey tool or telephone interview.
5. Database query: use various databases, such as academic journal databases, library catalogues and professional databases, to find and obtain relevant data. These databases usually contain a large number of research papers, articles, patents and other information to support their own research.
Paper related introduction
Papers are usually academic writing works, which are used for in-depth discussion and analysis of a specific research topic, and support the author's views or conclusions through reasonable arguments and arguments. The purpose of the paper is to convey the author's contribution, new discovery or viewpoint to the research field.
Characteristics of the paper: The paper needs to have independent research questions and clear research purposes, and put forward its own views and findings through collecting, sorting out and analyzing relevant data and documents. Papers need to conform to academic norms and standards to meet the requirements of specific disciplines. It should contain enough references, cite past research results and adopt professional terms and methods.