The English name of gasoline is gasoline (USA)/petroleum (UK). It is a transparent liquid with flammable appearance, and its distillation range is 30℃~ 220℃. Its main components are C5 ~ C 12 aliphatic hydrocarbons and naphthenes, and a certain amount of aromatic hydrocarbons. Gasoline has a high octane number (anti-knock combustion performance), which can be divided into 90 #, 93 # and 93 # according to the octane number. Gasoline is a blend of straight-run gasoline, catalytic cracking gasoline and catalytic reforming gasoline obtained from petroleum refining with high octane number components, which is mainly used as fuel for automobile ignition internal combustion engines.
/kloc-in the 0/9th century, people didn't realize the importance of gasoline. At that time, kerosene was widely used for lighting. At that time, petroleum refining relied on a simple distillation process to separate components with different boiling points from petroleum. Kerosene has a high boiling point and is safe to use when igniting. It has become the main product of crude oil refining, while gasoline and other components are usually burned as fuel. /kloc-in the middle and late 9th century, internal combustion engines using gasoline were successfully manufactured, and 1886 gasoline engines were successfully used as vehicle power. Therefore, the importance of gasoline is increasing day by day. But only 20% gasoline can be extracted from crude oil by distillation. 19 1 1 year, in order to solve the problem of low gasoline yield, American Standard Oil Company adopted the thermal cracking process invented by William Burton and Robert Humphries to pyrolyze heavy gas oil into light gasoline and other fractions, which improved the gasoline yield as a whole. The thermal cracking process 19 13 was obtained in the United States. The subsequent catalytic cracking process further improved the gasoline yield and higher octane number than the thermal cracking process.
Gasoline is made from crude oil fractionation and heavy distillation. In the process of crude oil processing, distillation, catalytic cracking, thermal cracking, hydrocracking, catalytic reforming, alkylation and other devices all produce gasoline components, but the octane number is different, for example, straight-run gasoline has a low octane number and cannot be used as engine fuel alone; In addition, the sulfur content of impurities is also different, so it is necessary to desulfurize and refine the gasoline components with high sulfur content, then blend the above gasoline components and add high octane number components if necessary, and finally get the gasoline products that meet the national standards.
reference data
Baidu encyclopedia. Baidu Encyclopedia [reference time 2017-12-19]