The pinnacle of all human wisdom! Taking stock of the 14 most famous top laboratories in the world
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), one of the most outstanding national laboratories in the United States, is located behind the famous University of California, Berkeley, and is affiliated to the United States Department of Energy. In the scientific community, LBNL is synonymous with excellence. As of 2016, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory has produced 13 Nobel Prize winners, 70 academicians of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), and many other academic leaders. Research areas mainly include life sciences, chemistry, physics, energy efficiency, cyclotrons, advanced materials, accelerators, detectors, etc.
MIT founded Lincoln Laboratory in Lexington, Massachusetts in 1951. Its predecessor was the Radiation Laboratory where radar was developed. The laboratory is invested by the federal government. Its basic mission is to apply high technology to critical issues of national security. It is internationally renowned for its advanced electronics research on air defense systems. Its research scope has rapidly expanded to space surveillance, missile defense, and battlefield It is the first large-scale, interdisciplinary, multi-functional technology research and development laboratory in an American university in the fields of surveillance and air traffic control. The laboratory has in-depth cooperation with the Department of Defense and can be regarded as the base camp of US military electronic systems.
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (0RNL), affiliated to the U.S. Department of Energy, was established in 1943 as part of the Manhattan Project. It was built for the main purpose of producing and separating uranium and plutonium. It is now operated by the University of Tennessee and Battelle Memorial Institute *** Co-administered. The laboratory is a world leader in many scientific research fields, mainly engaged in research in six fields: neutron science, energy, high-performance computing, complex biological systems, advanced materials and international security. It currently has 3,800 employees, 3,000 visiting researchers, and annual funding of over US$1 billion.
Argonne International Laboratory (ANL) is the earliest national laboratory established in the United States and is affiliated with the U.S. Department of Energy and the University of Chicago. The famous physicist Fermi once led a team here to build mankind's first controllable nuclear reactor, and mankind has since entered the atomic energy age. Annual scientific research funding is approximately US$500 million and it employs 3,500 people.
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) is a non-profit private scientific research and education center located in Cold Spring Harbor on Long Island, New York, USA. It is known as the world's life science mecca and the "Cradle of Molecular Biology" ”, ranking first among the top ten most influential research schools in the world. Mr. James Dewey Watson, the head of Quangang Laboratory, is one of the discoverers of the DNA double helix structure diagram. He is known as the father of DNA and a Nobel Prize winner. The institute has produced 8 Nobel Prize winners for the first time in its history.
The Cavendish Laboratory was founded in 1871 with a private donation from W. Cavendish, then president of the University of Cambridge. Research areas include astrophysics, particle physics, solid state physics, biophysics, etc. The Cavendish Laboratory has made outstanding contributions to the development of modern physics. It has trained more than 20 Nobel Prize winners in the past century. The Cavendish Laboratory is still one of the world's famous laboratories. .
Fermilab, named after the famous theoretical physicist Enrico Fermi, was established in 1967. It is one of the most important physics research centers in the United States and is located in Illinois, USA. on the grasslands near Batavia. It is officially part of the U.S. Department of Energy, but it is also affiliated and operated by the University of Chicago and the University Research Association (URA), which is composed of 90 research universities and currently has 2,000 employees in the laboratory.
Bell Laboratories in the United States is the inventor of many major inventions such as transistors, lasers, solar cells, light-emitting diodes, digital switches, communication satellites, electronic digital computers, cellular mobile communication equipment, simulated languages, audio movies, and communication networks. birthplace. Since 1925, Bell Labs has been granted more than 25,000 patents, and now averages more than three patents per working day. The laboratory has produced 8 Nobel Prize winners (including 7 physics prizes and 1 chemistry prize).
CERN is the world's largest particle physics laboratory and the birthplace of the World Wide Web. There is an elevator hidden deep inside, and the entire facility is located west of Geneva, Switzerland, on the border with France. Founded in 1954, it studies how matter is composed and the forces between matter. It employs approximately 3,000 people and has approximately 6,500 scientists and engineers from 80 nationalities, representing more than 500 university institutions, conducting experiments at CERN. That's about half of the particle physics community in the world.
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is located on Long Island, New York, under the U.S. Department of Energy, and is managed by the Brookhaven Science Society, a company established by Stony Brook University and BATTELLE. The laboratory was established in 1947. Historically, 12 people in the laboratory's 7 projects have won Nobel Prizes.
The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), whose research spacecraft has visited all eight known planets, is a subsidiary agency of NASA in Pasadena, California, responsible for the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration develops and manages unmanned space exploration missions. It is administratively managed by the California Institute of Technology. It was founded in 1936 under the leadership of Theodore von Karman, a professor at the California Institute of Technology.
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), part of the U.S. Department of Energy. Founded in 1943, its founders include Oppenheimer, the father of the atomic bomb, Edward Teller, the father of the hydrogen bomb, and Ernest Lawrence, the Nobel Prize winner in physics. It is one of the largest multi-functional laboratories in the world and has invented The world's first atomic and hydrogen bombs.
The German Federal Institute of Technical Physics (PTR), founded in 1884, is equivalent to the German National Metrology Office and is famous for its precise measurement of thermal radiation. At the end of the 19th century, researchers at the institute devoted themselves to the study of blackbody radiation, which led to Planck's discovery of action quanta. It can be said that this laboratory is the birthplace of quantum theory. Wien, the 1911 Nobel Prize winner in physics, and Planck, the 1918 Nobel Prize winner, successively served as leaders of the laboratory. In addition, physicists such as Einstein, Porter, and Laue have worked here.
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is part of the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration and is currently operated by the Lawrence Livermore National Security Agency. The laboratory was founded in 1925. It currently has about 6,300 employees, more than 2,700 scientists and engineers (more than 40 of whom hold a doctorate), and has scientific research funding of more than 1.5 billion US dollars, of which weapons research and development accounts for 62% of the total funding and national defense technology accounts for 12%.