(1) Automatic chicken sex identification device: You can directly see whether there are testicles by dipping the instrument into the anus, and if there are testicles, it is male, otherwise it is female;
(2) Identify the so-called sex-linked inheritance through sex-linked inheritance, that is, some characteristics of offspring vary with gender. For example, a female chicken with reed strips mates with a male chicken without reed strips, and the female chicken of the offspring has no reed strips, and the male chicken has reed strips; The fast-feathered Burleigh cock mated with the late-feathered Lu Hua hen, and all the hens in the offspring were fast-feathered and the cocks were late-feathered; Silver-haired hens mate with golden-haired cocks, and their offspring are all gold hens and cocks are all silver. The reason is that there are dominant and recessive traits between male and female chickens, female chickens have dominant traits and male chickens have recessive traits. Because the slow feather gene (K) and the fast feather gene (K) which determine the growth speed of the wing feathers of newborn chicks are located on the Z_ chromosome, and the slow feather gene (K) is dominant to the fast feather gene (K), it has a sex-linked genetic phenomenon. Therefore, when a slow-feathered hen (K-) mates with a fast-feathered rooster (kk), the offspring are all slow-feathered, and the females are fast-feathered, so the male and female can be distinguished according to the growth rate of wing feathers. Similarly, for the gold and silver feather gene, the silver feather is dominant for the gold feather gene, so after mating with the golden feather cock, the female feather color of the offspring is gold _, and the male feather color is silver _.
(3) Identification based on reproductive process. This method is best carried out within 8- 12 hours after the chicks are hatched; Do not exceed 24 hours at the latest, otherwise the reproductive process will shrink and be difficult to identify. Operation method: When the chick is hatched and its hair is dry enough to stand, hold it in your hand, remove the feces, put your head between the middle finger and the ring finger, fix your thumb above the anus, and gently rub the anus with your right thumb and forefinger to make the anus slightly open. Under the strong light, if you see a small granular penis protrusion, it is a male chicken, and the one without protrusion is a female chicken. The accuracy rate can reach more than 85%.
Attachment: Precautions for identification of anal valgus At present, the sex identification of chicks is mainly based on the speed or color of feathers, which is the method of most support lines. Now all parts of the country are engaged in breeding and cultivation of soil miscellaneous, and there are many varieties everywhere. Nowadays, many farmers use the characteristics of fast growth of big white feather broilers and high yield of excellent laying hens to produce broilers, commonly known as "8 17 broilers"; Some farmers also use the cock of Sanhuang chicken to cross with the hens of laying hens. Because they can't distinguish from the shape of feathers, they have to go back to the most primitive identification of anal varus. Because of the high mortality of male and female anorectal identification of hatched chicks, it directly affects the economic interests of hatcheries and chicken farmers. The main reason is that most male and female appraisers have not fully grasped the technical essentials of their operation. If we correctly master the technical essentials of identifying the anal varus of hatched chicks, the accuracy can be improved to over 98%, the speed can reach 1200, and the disability mortality can be reduced to below 0.5%, which obviously improves the economic benefits of the hatchery.
Under the condition of good incubation technology, the identification of anal inversion includes six operation links: catching young, holding young, excreting feces, anal inversion, identification and releasing young, which are briefly introduced as follows.
Correct anal varus operation: The key to distinguish male from female lies in mastering correct anal varus operation, which can not only open the anus quickly, but also make the posture correct. There are two commonly used methods: clamping method and group holding method.
Anal varus during defecation: When defecating, the thumb of the left hand gently presses the lower edge of the ilium on the left side of the abdomen, and the feces are discharged into the feces tank with the breath of the chicken. The left thumb edge moves from the front row of feces to the left side of anus, and the left index finger bends on the back of the chicken. At the same time, the index finger of the right hand pushes straight on the thumb, then pulls down to the anus, and the thumb of the left hand also folds inward. The three fingers meet at the anus to form a small triangular area. When the three fingers are squeezed together, the anus can be opened.
Matters needing attention in anal varus operation: ① The operation movements and postures should be naturally coordinated, and the fingers should be clearly divided and coordinated; ② When everting the anus, don't bend the knuckles, the triangular area should be small, and don't pull the top out. The force should be moderate, if the force is too large, the anus is too exposed; If the force is not enough, the anus is difficult to turn out; (3) The feces should be cleaned at one time, and the anus should be turned over at one time.
Accurately distinguish the small differences of reproductive eminence. On the premise of correct anal varus, the key to identification is to accurately distinguish the subtle differences between male and female genital protrusions. Near the anal orifice, there is a tiny white bulbous protuberance at the junction of the second and third folds in the center of the lower wall of cloaca, and it is judged to be male without protuberance, and it is judged to be female.
Matters needing attention in identification: ① If feces or exudate are discharged from anus, it can be wiped off with left thumb or right index finger for further observation; ② If you encounter an indistinguishable reproductive process, you can touch it with your thumb or right index finger to observe its elasticity and congestion. Don't touch it many times. (3) If we can't judge accurately, we should first look at the morphological characteristics of genital protuberance, and then do anatomical observation to sum up experience.
Attachment: According to the contraction of anal sphincter in chicks, male chicks are generally more developed than female chicks, and the contraction force of anal sphincter is also stronger. So, on the day when the chicks hatch, hold them in your hands and observe the contraction of their anus. If the anus flashes for a while, stops for a while and then flashes for a while, the anal contraction time is longer and slower, and it is a hen; If the anal contraction flashes quickly and forcefully, it is a male chicken.
(4) Identification after getting old.
4. 1 Identify male chicks with large body, heavy body, round eyes, long and sharp beak and thick feet according to their body types; Female chicks are smaller and lighter, with oval eyes, short and round beaks and thinner feet. In addition, after 14 days old, chicks can be judged as male if they are longer and heavier, have higher legs and have different lengths of the second toe and the fourth toe. If the body is rounder and lighter, the legs are shorter, and the length of the second toe is the same as that of the fourth toe, it is a female chick.
4.2 Walking identification According to the toe prints left by chickens after walking, male and female identification is carried out. Sprinkle a layer of ash (such as plant ash) on the flat ground, and then let the chickens walk on the ash. If the toe prints left by the two toes cross into a line after walking, and the body swings left and right when walking, it can generally be considered as a female chicken. If it is found that the toes left by the chicken after walking are printed in two rows, it can be considered as a rooster.
4.3 natural stand distinguishes men and women by observing their appearance. From the front, it is a square circle, which is generally considered to be a male chick; From the front, it is generally considered to be a female chick.
4.4 According to feather identification
Judging from the identification of villi renewal, generally speaking, female chicks get new wool earlier than male chicks. On the fourth day after hatching, the female chicks have grown new hairs on their chests and shoulders, but the male chicks have not. /kloc-at the age of 0/5, the chicken wings and tail feathers of female chicks grow rapidly and their wings are round, while the wings of male chicks are still short and pointed, and the tail feathers are completely absent.
Judging from the growth shape of feathers: when the wings of chicks are pulled apart, the female chicken is the one with long feathers and short feathers (that is, the length of feathers alternates); Cock feathers are basically the same length. The accuracy of this method can reach 98%, which is simple, rapid, accurate and effective in actual production.
4.5 When the chicks grow to middle-aged chicks (such as fist size), it is easy to distinguish between males and females. The cock's comb is thick, and the serrated gap is dull, irregular and of different sizes. The hen's comb is thin, and the sawtooth notch is small and sharp, neatly arranged and uniform in size. After four months, the rooster will have an extra toe, and the hen will still have four.
There is another simple way, grab the chicken's foot and hang it upside down. The cock with its head up is a hen, otherwise it is a hen.
In addition, when hatching eggs, both ends are round eggs, which are female eggs; An egg with a pointed end and a garden at the other end is a male egg, which can roughly predict the sex ratio of chickens.
2. Male and female identification of ducklings
1. Identification based on reproductive process. When the fluff of the newly hatched ducklings is dry, hold the ducklings with your left hand, gently hold their necks with your thumb and forefinger, press them horizontally under the anus with your right thumb and forefinger, then press them forward and then retreat together. At this time, you can see that the duckling with small protrusions is a male duckling, and the duckling without protrusions is a female duckling.
2. Through body type identification. Hold the duckling in the palm of your hand and observe carefully. The male duckling has a big head, a round body and a pen tip, while the female duckling has a small head, a flat body and a scattered tail.
3. Distinguish ducklings according to their tail movements. Hold the duckling's chest with four fingers, and gently hold its waist with thumb. The duckling with its tail bent downward is a male duckling, and the duckling with its tail spread upward is a female duckling.
4. According to the joint of the duckling's spine and coccygeal vertebra, touch it with thumb and forefinger to feel its thickness and length. Anyone thin and long enough to shake hands refers to a mother duck, and vice versa. After repeated practice, this method has high accuracy in sex identification of chicks and ducks.
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