What are the meanings of "TM" and "R" beside the trademark of ruler?

TM is the abbreviation of English trademark, which means trademark in English. In China, due to the long application time of Chinese trademarks, it usually takes about two years before 2007, but now the time for trademark registration has been shortened to about one year. Many applicants don't want to wait until the registration is successful. So China has this practice. After applying for a trademark, the General Administration of Trademarks issues the Notice of Acceptance of Trademark Registration, and then marks TM beside it when using it, and circles R after successful registration. So in China, TM stands for trademarks that have been applied for and accepted but are still under review, and R stands for trademarks that have been successfully registered. R is a registered trademark, which is the abbreviation of English register.