Ordinary solar energy, which is more compact, can only be installed on the roof of a building due to its structural defects, and the water pipes are very long, so it is generally only suitable for installation in multi-story buildings, and because of its poor visual effect, It affects the beauty of the building, and more and more communities prohibit its installation. Split solar energy is specially designed for mid-to-high-rise residences. The collector can be installed on balconies or walls wherever it can get sunlight, and can be perfectly integrated with the building. The water storage tank can be installed on the inside of the balcony or other suitable places. Location.
Advantages of split solar energy: 1. Computer chip control, automatic operation, synchronous water inlet and outlet, equipped with auxiliary heating system, supply hot water around the clock.
2. Using a pressure-bearing water storage tank, the entire system operates under pressure inside and has a closed cycle. Like an electric water heater, the hot and cold water does not come into contact with the outside world, effectively preventing the growth of bacteria and ensuring clean water quality. Use it for cooking or boiling it for drinking.
3. The hot and cold water pipes are short, which overcomes many shortcomings of ordinary solar pipes such as long pipes, fast heat loss, and long time to discharge cold water.
4. Long service life, economical and safe. The water storage tank adopts a rotomolded liner, which is resistant to high temperature, low temperature, corrosion, thermal insulation and energy saving. The vacuum tube will not scale or explode, and has a service life of more than 10 years.
It adopts pressure-bearing design, uses exquisite materials, operates automatically, and has high technological content. Depending on the size of the volume, it generally costs between 4,500 yuan and 6,500 yuan. However, this product has a long service life and extremely low daily operation and maintenance costs. Generally, a family of three can save about 600-700 yuan in electricity or gas bills every year. The overall cost performance is very high. It is a one-time investment and will benefit in the long term. The purchase price of a gas or electric water heater is 1,500-2,000 yuan, but the later use costs are high, so its overall cost is much higher than that of split solar energy. What are the precautions for purchasing and installing split solar energy:
First, installing split solar energy requires laying pipes, so it is recommended to install or reserve the corresponding pipes before house decoration;
Second, the installation position of the collector should fully consider the sunshine time. If it is blocked by other buildings for a long time throughout the day, it is not suitable to purchase and install. It is recommended to consult the on-site professional technicians in detail before purchasing.
In addition, the farther away you put the water, the more cold water you put. You have to worry about the season when there is no sun. Therefore, it is still necessary to install a gas water heater
Solar energy is also very troublesome outside, including pipe leakage and aging caused by wind and sun.
2. Use solar hot water in small high-rise residences Several issues that need to be considered for the system
1. When choosing different solar hot water system solutions, priority should be given to systems that are reliable in operation, easy to manage, and easy to amortize auxiliary energy costs, hot and cold water costs and operation Cost, etc., to achieve simple and convenient management, easy acceptance by residents, and no conflicts between the property and residents.
2. Consideration should be given to how to solve the problem of solar water heating for users living in low-rise buildings.
3. When designing the solar system, the problem of insufficient solar hot water production in rainy weather should be taken into consideration. To ensure the reliability of hot water supply, the system design should be equipped with an auxiliary heating system to ensure that users are supplied with hot water 24 hours a day or at regular intervals.
4. The system should prioritize the use of solar energy to heat hot water. When solar energy is insufficient, auxiliary energy should be used to supplement heating. To achieve the purpose of making full use of solar energy and reducing the cost of auxiliary heating energy.
5. The solar hot water system should be reasonable, reliable and advanced; the operation of the solar and auxiliary heating systems should be fully automated and intelligent; on the premise of ensuring the quality and effect of the project, the project cost should be reduced as much as possible, Improve the cost performance of the system.
6. The layout and placement of the solar hot water system should be coordinated with the surrounding buildings, and daily maintenance and repair should be convenient.
7. The design of the solar water heating system should be carried out simultaneously with the design of the construction project. The reserved pipelines and embedded parts for the early installation of the solar water heating system should be in place to facilitate the later installation of the solar water heating system.
3. Selection of solar water heating system solutions
When designing and installing a solar water heating system in a small high-rise residential building, there are mainly four solutions to choose from. Let’s analyze the pros and cons of each of these solutions and then make the best choice.
Solution (1) Install a household solar water heater (household single system) on the roof of the building
Advantages:
1. Each household’s Solar energy is independent of each other and does not affect each other;
2. There is no charge management problem during operation;
3. The system investment is the lowest, the operation is relatively stable, and the technology is mature.
4. Simple and convenient installation
Disadvantages:
1. Solar energy for low-rise residents is affected by water pressure during use, making it inconvenient or even impossible to use;
2. Each household’s solar energy system is an independent system. No matter which household’s solar energy has problems, it must be repaired on the roof. Therefore, the frequency of repairs on the roof is the highest, which is inconvenient for roof management and maintenance. ;
3. The placement is inconvenient, difficult to coordinate with the building, and affects the view;
4. There are two pipes above and below each household, and the space for laying too many pipes is limited;
5. Full sharing of hot water resources cannot be achieved, and there is a problem of "uneven drought and flood" in hot water resources.
Solution (2) Install a split solar hot water system. The heat collection unit is installed on the balcony or the south wall, and the hot water storage tank is placed indoors (household heat collection and water storage) System)
Advantages:
1. Residential solar energy is independent of each other and does not affect each other;
2. During operation, there is no charge management problem;< /p>
3. Each household’s water tank can be placed in a convenient place indoors, such as basement, equipment room, bathroom, kitchen, balcony, attic, etc.
4. The system investment is relatively high, the operation is relatively stable, and the technology is mature.
Disadvantages:
1. The installation of the heat collecting unit must be safe and reliable, otherwise there may be safety hazards;
2. The effect of natural circulation is not ideal, so using The water pump is forced to circulate, which consumes electricity. The water pump is noisy and needs to be controlled.
3. The installation location of each household’s heat collecting unit should be comprehensively considered, otherwise it will damage the beauty of the building facade. ,
4. Affected by the inclination angle, balcony-type lighting efficiency is low and the cost is high.
5. If there is a problem with the heat collecting unit, it may be inconvenient to repair, so high-end products need to be used.
6. Full sharing of hot water resources cannot be achieved, and hot water resources have the problem of "uneven droughts and floods".
Schematic diagram of household heat collection and household water storage system
Solution (3) Install a solar hot water system with centralized water storage on the roof of the building to supply hot water to each household through pipes. Every household (centralized heat collection and centralized water storage system)
Advantages:
1. It can realize the full enjoyment of hot water resources without being restricted by the height of the floor;
2. It facilitates flexible layout according to the building conditions and can be coordinated with the building;
3. There is only one system, reliable operation, low maintenance rate upstairs, and floor solar energy can be maintained and managed by the property management ;
4. The system investment is low, the operation is stable, the operating cost is low, and the technology is mature.
Disadvantages:
1. The amount of auxiliary energy is affected by the weather, making it difficult to calculate operating costs and expenses;
2. During operation, hot water Charges are required; improper charging standards can easily lead to conflicts between the property management and residents.
3. A large hot water storage tank needs to be placed on the roof of the building, and the building design needs to consider the load-bearing problem of the roof.
Solution (4) Install a centralized solar heat collection system on the roof, send heat energy to each household through pipes, and heat the hot water storage tanks installed in each household (i.e. centralized collection Household heat storage system)
Advantages:
1. Each household uses the hot water and auxiliary energy in its own water tank, and there is no charge issue;
2. It is not restricted by the height of the floor, and can realize full enjoyment of solar thermal energy resources;
3. There is no charge management problem during operation;
4. There is only one system , reliable operation, low upstairs maintenance rate, and floor solar energy can be maintained and managed by the property management;
5. It can be flexibly laid out according to the floor construction conditions, and is most easily coordinated with the building;
6. The heat collection system is centrally placed on the roof, and the water storage tanks of each household are placed in convenient locations indoors.
Disadvantages:
1. For convenience of use, safety and reliability, a pressure-bearing hot water storage tank should be used with electric heating function. Therefore, the cost of the water tank is high, resulting in high system cost.
2. In order to avoid heat mixing among households due to different temperatures in the water storage tanks, the electrical control system should be specially designed.
Although the fourth solution is more expensive, it has outstanding advantages. It does not need to consider issues such as water tank load-bearing, electric auxiliary heating reservation, line reservation, hot water supply circulation, hot water billing, etc. It is the future solution. The development direction of uniform installation of solar water heaters in small high-rise residences. Therefore, solar water heating systems for small high-rise residences should be designed according to Solution 4.