The financial department of the State Council shall, in accordance with the national economic and social development policies, formulate government procurement policies in conjunction with relevant departments of the State Council, and achieve the goals of saving energy, protecting the environment, supporting underdeveloped areas and ethnic minority areas, and promoting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises through measures such as formulating procurement demand standards, reserving procurement shares, selecting the best bidders and giving priority to procurement.
Explain that this article is about the main body of government procurement policy, the specific measures that can be taken and its objectives.
The implementation of government procurement policy specifically includes formulating procurement demand standards, reserving procurement shares, selecting the best bid, giving priority to procurement and other measures.
The formulation of procurement demand standard is the most commonly used and direct measure in the implementation of procurement policy, which is to realize the policy goal of government procurement by stipulating the technical standard or quality standard of purchased products or services. Generally speaking, government procurement policies adopt clear demand standards for products and services purchased by the government in supporting energy conservation and environmental protection, encouraging technological innovation and supporting domestic products. For example, when purchasing government office equipment, some countries implement stricter green procurement energy consumption and emission standards for products used by the general society, stipulate a clear proportion of added value of domestic products in supporting domestic products, and stipulate comprehensive emission standards when purchasing government printing services. At present, the compulsory procurement of energy-saving products in China is still implemented in the form of list, but the products listed in the list actually have corresponding energy consumption indicators. It should be noted that the procurement demand standard plays a very important role in guiding innovative products. The higher the standard of technical requirements, the greater the possibility of suppliers adopting new technologies, but the higher the procurement cost may also be. When determining the procurement demand standard, government departments must comprehensively consider the procurement purpose, industrial policy and budget constraints, and cannot raise the demand standard without authorization except for the requirements of the national unified procurement policy. Especially for the use of imported products, artificially raising the demand standard will inhibit the development of domestic industries and is not conducive to reducing the long-term use cost of equipment. In 2007, the Ministry of Finance issued the Administrative Measures for Government Procurement of Imported Products (Caiku [2007] 1 19). Article 7 of the Measures clearly stipulates that if the products that the purchaser needs to purchase cannot be obtained at home or under reasonable commercial conditions, and it is really necessary to purchase imported products as otherwise stipulated by laws and regulations, the purchaser shall conduct government procurement activities according to law after obtaining the approval of the financial department. The implementation of the government procurement policy of imported products has standardized the government procurement behavior of imported products and promoted, protected and promoted the development of China's domestic industries. According to statistics, in recent years, the proportion of imported products in the total government procurement has remained within 3%.
Reserved purchasing share Reserved purchasing share means that the purchaser reserves a certain share in a certain purchasing project or all purchasing projects, and purchases specifically for specific suppliers such as small and medium-sized enterprises, so as to support and promote the better development of this type of enterprises through the government procurement market. This is also a common practice in the world. For example, the US federal government sets aside about 23% of the procurement budget for small and micro enterprises. 20 1 1 The Ministry of Finance issued the Interim Measures for Government Procurement to Promote the Development of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (Caiku [201]181No.). Article 4 of this method stipulates that all departments responsible for preparing departmental budgets should strengthen the preparation of government procurement plans, formulate specific plans for purchasing from small and medium-sized enterprises, and make overall plans to determine the projects that their departments purchase from small and medium-sized enterprises. On the premise of meeting the basic needs of its own operation and providing public services, more than 30% of the total annual government procurement project budget of this department should be reserved for small and medium-sized enterprises, and the proportion reserved for small and micro enterprises should not be less than 60%. For reserved projects, when organizing procurement activities, the purchaser or procurement agency shall indicate in the bidding documents or negotiation documents, consultation documents and inquiry documents that the project is specially for small and medium-sized enterprises or small and micro enterprises.
Price evaluation preferential price evaluation preferential price refers to a certain percentage of price deduction from the quotation of a specific supplier in the process of government procurement evaluation with price as the evaluation factor, and the deducted price is taken as the price of its participation in the evaluation, so that its quotation can gain an evaluation advantage over that of other suppliers, thus improving the chances of winning the bid. Article 5 of the Interim Measures for Government Procurement to Promote the Development of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (Caiku [201]181No.) stipulates that the purchaser or procurement agency shall stipulate 6%-650% of the product price of small and micro enterprises in the bidding documents, negotiation documents and inquiry documents. Article 6 stipulates that large and medium-sized enterprises and other natural persons, legal persons or other organizations are encouraged to form a consortium with small and micro enterprises to participate in government procurement activities that are not specifically for small and medium-sized enterprises. According to the joint agreement, if the contract amount of small and micro enterprises accounts for more than 30% of the total contract amount of the consortium, the consortium may deduct 2%-3% from the price. At the same time, buyers are encouraged to allow large enterprises that have obtained government procurement contracts to subcontract to small and medium-sized enterprises according to law. In 20 14, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Justice jointly issued the Notice on Issues Related to Government Procurement Supporting the Development of Prison Enterprises (Caiku [2065438+04] No.68), which clearly stipulated that "in government procurement activities, prison enterprises are regarded as small and micro enterprises, and they enjoy government procurement policies such as reserving shares and reducing prices during evaluation, so as to promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises" and "all regions and regions" "Through the policy of government procurement to support prison enterprises, we will stabilize the production of prison enterprises and improve the quality of education and reform for criminals and drug addicts.
Priority procurement Priority procurement refers to giving priority to the procurement of goods, projects or services of specific suppliers in the process of government procurement, so that such suppliers can gain more market share in government procurement and help them to develop continuously. From the practice of foreign countries, there are not only recommended purchase lists of new technology products, but also ways of combining lists with evaluation discounts. The priority purchase list of energy-saving and environmental protection products in China mainly draws on the latter practice, that is, the purchaser sets extra points or equivalent conditions for the products listed in the priority purchase list. In 2004 and 2006, the Ministry of Finance, the National Development and Reform Commission and the State Environmental Protection Administration respectively issued Opinions on Implementing Government Procurement of Energy-saving Products (Caiku [2004] 185) and Opinions on Implementing Government Procurement of Environmental Label Products (Caiku [2006]90). It mainly includes the following policies and measures: First, state organs, institutions and organizations at all levels should give priority to purchasing energy-saving and environmental labeling products if they use financial funds for procurement. The second is to publish in the form of "government procurement list of energy-saving products" and "government procurement list of environmental label products". When the government purchases products listed in the energy-saving list and the environmental label list, it shall give priority to purchasing energy-saving and environmental label products listed in the energy-saving list and the environmental label list under the same technical and service conditions. Third, in government procurement activities, the purchaser should specify the energy-saving and environmental protection requirements of products, the conditions of qualified products and the evaluation criteria for giving priority to purchasing energy-saving and environmental protection products in procurement documents such as bidding and negotiation. Fourth, if the purchaser or the procurement agency entrusted by him fails to purchase according to the above requirements, the relevant departments shall handle it according to relevant laws, regulations and rules, and the financial department may refuse to pay the purchase funds as appropriate. In recent years, by purchasing energy-saving and environmental protection products, the energy expenditure of government procurement institutions has been reduced, the technological progress of energy-saving and environmental protection of enterprises has been promoted, the awareness of resource worries of the whole society has been raised, energy has been saved, and the environment has been protected, which has played an important role in implementing sustainable economic and social development. It should be noted that in the implementation of foreign procurement policies, mandatory standards are generally used to realize the compulsory use of a certain type of products by government departments, rather than the practice of compulsory purchase of product lists. Therefore, the regulations only list priority procurement in procurement measures, not compulsory procurement.