A brief discussion on automated machinery manufacturing
Abstract: Automated manufacturing system (FMS) refers to a manufacturing system with a high degree of automation. The FMS discussed currently usually refers to a manufacturing system that targets advanced automation and high-level automation in batch cutting processes.
Keywords: manufacturing scale; key technology; development trend
As society’s demands for product diversification, low manufacturing costs and short manufacturing cycles become increasingly urgent, FMS is developing quite rapidly. , and due to the development of microelectronics technology, computer technology, communication technology, machinery and control equipment.
1. Scale of automated machinery manufacturing
According to scale, FMS can be divided into the following four categories
(1) Automated manufacturing unit
FMC: came out and was used in production about 6 to 8 years later than FMS. It is composed of 1 to 2 machining centers, industrial robots, CNC machine tools and material transportation and storage equipment. It has the flexibility to process multiple types of products. sex. FMC can be regarded as the smallest FMS. It is a product of the development of FMS in the direction of cheapness and miniaturization. It is characterized by single-machine automation and automation, and has so far entered the stage of popularization and application.
(2) Automated manufacturing system
Usually including 4 or more fully automatic CNC machine tools, manual centers and turning centers, etc.), consisting of a centralized control system and material handling system When connected, processing and management of multiple varieties and small and medium batches can be realized without stopping the machine.
(3) Automated manufacturing line
It is a production line between single or small-variety large-volume non-automated automatic lines and small and medium-sized batches of multiple varieties f:MS. The processing equipment can be a general machining center, CNC machine tool, or a special machine tool or NC special machine tool. The requirements for automation of the material handling system are lower than those of FMS, but the productivity is higher.
(4) Automated manufacturing factory
FMt connects multiple FMS, equipped with an automated three-dimensional warehouse, and uses a computer system to communicate, using the steps from ordering, design, processing, and assembly. , inspection, transportation to shipping complete FMS. It includes CAD/CAM and puts the Computer Integrated Manufacturing System (C1MS) into practice to realize the automation and automation of the production system, thereby realizing the comprehensive production management, product processing and material storage and transportation process of the whole factory. FMF is the highest level of automated production, reflecting the world's most advanced automation application technology. It integrates the automation of manufacturing, product development and operation management into a whole, represented by the intelligent manufacturing system IMS (Intelligent Manufacturing System) that controls material flow through information flow. Its characteristic is the realization of factory automation and automation.
2. Key automation technologies
(1) Computer-aided design
The future development of CAD technology will introduce expert systems to make them intelligent and processable Various complex issues. One of the latest breakthroughs in current design technology is photosensitive three-dimensional forming technology. This new technology directly uses CAD data and uses a computer-controlled laser scanning system to divide the three-dimensional digital model into several layers of two-dimensional sheet graphics and shape them according to the two-dimensional sheet shape. The pattern optically scans the photosensitive resin liquid level in the pool, and the scanned liquid level turns into solidified plastic. This cycle of operations scans and shapes layer by layer, and automatically bonds the layered sheets of solidified plastic together. ,Only the data needs to be determined, and an accurate ,prototype can be produced within hours. It helps speed up the development of new products and new structures.
(2) Fuzzy control technology
The practical application of fuzzy mathematics is fuzzy controller. The recently developed high-performance fuzzy controller has a self-learning function, which can continuously obtain new information during the control process and automatically adjust the control variables, greatly improving the system performance, especially the self-learning method based on artificial neural networks. It attracted great attention from people.
(3) Artificial intelligence, expert systems and smart sensor technology
So far, the artificial intelligence used in FMS mostly refers to rule-based expert systems. Expert systems use expert knowledge and reasoning rules to reason and solve various problems (such as explanation, prediction, diagnosis, fault finding, design, planning, monitoring, repair, command and control, etc.).
Because expert systems can easily combine various facts and proven theories with knowledge gained through experience, expert systems enhance the automation of various aspects of FMS work. Looking to the future, artificial intelligence (including expert systems) technology, which is characterized by intensive knowledge and uses knowledge processing as a means, will surely play a key role in FMS (especially intelligent type). Artificial intelligence will play an increasingly important role in future FMS. Of the various technologies currently used in FMS, artificial intelligence is expected to be the most promising. It is expected that by the beginning of the 21st century, the application scale of artificial intelligence in FMS will be four times larger than the current level. Intelligent manufacturing technology fIMT aims to integrate artificial intelligence into all aspects of the manufacturing process, using the intelligent activities of simulated experts to replace or extend some of the mental work of humans in the manufacturing environment. During the manufacturing process, the system can automatically monitor its operating status, automatically adjust its parameters when receiving external or internal incentives to achieve the best working condition, and has self-organizing capabilities.
(4) Artificial neural network technology
Artificial neural network (fANN) is a method that simulates the neural network of intelligent creatures to process information in parallel. Therefore, artificial neural network is also an artificial intelligence tool. In the field of automatic control, neural networks will soon be listed alongside expert systems and fuzzy control systems, becoming an integral part of modern self-branching systems. 3. Development trend of start-up control technology
(1) FMC will become a popular technology in development and application
This is because the investment of FMC is much less than that of FMS and the economic benefits are similar. More suitable for small and medium-sized enterprises with limited financial resources. At present, many foreign manufacturers have listed FMC as their top priority for development.
(2) Development in the direction of multi-function
From the simple processing FMS to further develop multiple manufacturing processes such as welding, assembly, inspection and sheet metal processing, as well as casting and forging Functional FMS. FMS is a novel concept model and new development trend for realizing the factory of the future. It is a strategic measure that determines the future development of manufacturing enterprises. The "Intelligent Manufacturing System" frms) international development project implemented in Japan since 1991 belongs to the second generation FMS: the perfect second generation FMS is being continuously realized. Intelligent machinery and people integrate with each other and fully coordinate all activities of an enterprise's production and operation from receiving orders to production and sales.
In the new century, FMS has developed rapidly and has almost become a hot spot in production automation. On the one hand, it is due to the development of individual technologies such as NC machining centers, industrial robots, CAD/CAM, resource management and advanced technologies, etc., which provide the technical basis for integrating an overall system; on the other hand, the world market has undergone major changes. From the traditional, relatively stable market in the past to a dynamic and ever-changing market, people began to explore new production methods and business models in order to survive and develop in the market and improve enterprises' adaptability to market demand.