BIOS Chinese-English comparison table
BIOS Chinese-English comparison table time/s * * emtimetime/s * * emtimedate/s * * emdatedate/S * * * emdate secondary cache s * * * Memory System Memory Video Controller Video Controller Panel Type LCD Model Audio Controller Modem Controller Modem Main Hard Disk Main Hard Disk Modular Bracket Module Bracket Service Label Service Label Asset Label BIOS Version Boot Sequence/Boot Sequence Boot Sequence (the sequence in which the system searches operating system files) Floppy disk drive built-in hard disk drive floppy disk drive device hard disk drive USB storage device CD/DVD/CD-RW drive.
Time/System Time/System Time:
Date/system date/system date
Secondary cache secondary cache
System memory
viedo controller
Panel LCD model
Audio controller
Mode controller modem (modem)
Main hard drive main hard drive
Modular bracket module bracket
Service tag service tag
Asset label
BIOS version BIOS version
Boot sequence/boot sequence startup sequence (the order in which the system searches for operating system files)
floppy disk drive
Internal hard disk drive
Floppy drive equipment
HDD
USB storage device USB storage device
CD/DVD/CD-RW drive
Optical disk device driver
Modular bracket HDD modular hard disk drive
Cardbus NIC Cardbus network card:
Onboard NIC Onboard NIC:
Hardware check level during POST: Set to "Minimum" (the default setting), and POST will only be performed in.
Check only when BIOS upgrade, memory module replacement or previous POST is not completed. Set POST to "thorough".
Perform a full hardware check.
Configuration Warning Settings: This option is used to set whether the system uses a low-voltage power adapter or other unsupported configurations.
No alarm, set to "Disabled" to disable alarm, and set to "Enabled" to enable alarm.
Internal ModeInternal Modem: Use this option to enable or disable the internal modem. After disabling the modem, it still works.
Invisible within the system.
LAN Controller Network Controller: Use this option to enable or disable the PCI Ethernet controller. When disabled, the device is not in the operating system.
Visible.
PXE BIS Policy/PXE BIS Default Policy PXE BIS Policy: This option controls how the system handles authorization requests (Start Integrity Service (BIS)) without authentication. The system can accept or reject the BIS request. When set to Reset, BIS will be reinitialized and set to Reject the next time the computer is started.
On-board Bluetooth on-board Bluetooth devices:
Mini PCI device Mini PCI device:
Mini PCI status mini PCI device status: When installing a MiniPCI device, you can use this option to enable or disable the onboard PCI device.
Wireless Control Wireless Control: Use this option to set the control mode of MiniPCI and Bluetooth wireless devices. When set to "Application", you can enable or disable wireless devices through applications such as "Quickset", and hot keys are not available. When set to "/Application", you can enable or disable wireless devices through applications such as Quick Setup or hotkeys. When set to Always Off, the wireless device is disabled and cannot be operated.
Enable in the system.
Wireless Wireless Device: Use this option to enable or disable wireless devices. This setting can be changed in the operating system through "Quick Setup" or "Hot Key". Whether this setting is available depends on the setting of wireless control.
Serial Port Serial Port: This option can avoid device resource conflicts by reassigning port addresses or disabling ports.
Infrared data port Infrared data port: Use this setting to avoid device resource conflicts by reassigning the port address or disabling the port.
Parallel mode Parallel port mode: Control the working mode of computer parallel port to be "normal" (AT compatible) (common standard parallel port) and "bidirectional".
(PS/2 compatibility) (bidirectional mode, which allows bidirectional communication between the host and peripherals) or "ECP" (extended function port).
Extended function port) (default).
Num Lock digital lock: set whether the NumLock LED lights up when the system is started. Set to "Disabled" to keep the digital light off, and set to "Enabled" to light the digital light when the system is started.
Keyboard Numeric Lock Keyboard Numeric Lock: This option is used to set whether keyboard-related error messages are prompted when the system is started.
Enable Keypad Enable Keypad: Set to "Through Numeric Lock" to enable the numeric keypad when the Numeric Lock light is on and an external keyboard is not connected. Set to "Only by Keystroke" to disable the embedded keyboard when the digital lock light is on.
External hotkey External hotkey: This setting can use the keys on the external PS/2 keyboard just like the keys on the laptop. If you use CPI operating system, such as Win2000 or WinXP, you can't use keys on USB keyboard. USB keyboard can only use keys in pure DOS mode. Set to Scroll Lock (the default option) to enable this feature, and set to Not Installed to disable this feature.
USB emulation USB emulation: With this option, you can use USB keyboard, USB mouse and USB floppy drive in an operating system that does not directly support USB. This setting is automatically enabled at BIOS startup. When this feature is enabled, impersonation will continue to be valid when control is transferred to the operating system. When this feature is disabled, impersonation is turned off when control is transferred to the operating system.
Pointing device Pointing device: When set to "serial mouse", the external serial mouse is enabled and the integrated touchpad is disabled. When it is set to "PS/2 mouse", if a PS/2 mouse is connected externally, the integrated touchpad will be disabled. When it is set to "Touchpad -PS/2 Mouse" (the default setting), if a PS/2 mouse is externally connected, you can switch between the mouse and the touchpad. These changes will take effect after the computer is restarted.
Video Expansion Video Expansion: Use this option to enable or disable video expansion and adjust the lower resolution to a higher normal LCD resolution.
battery
Battery status battery status
Power management power management
Suspend mode Suspend mode
AC Power Recovery AC Power Recovery: This option can reflect the computer when the AC power adapter is plugged back into the system.
Low Power Mode Low Power Mode: This option is used to set the power consumption when the system is sleeping or turned off.
Brightness Brightness: This option can set the brightness of the display when the computer is started. When the computer works under power supply, the default setting is half. When the computer works under the power supply state of the AC power adapter, the default setting is maximum.
Wake-on-LAN: This option setting allows the computer to wake up from hibernation when the network signal is connected. This setting is in Standby state (standby
Status) is invalid. Standby can only be awakened in the operating system. This setting is only valid when the AC power adapter is connected.
Auto On Mod auto boot mode: Please note that this setting will not take effect if the AC power adapter is not connected correctly. This option sets up the computer.
Automatic boot time, you can set the computer to automatically boot every day or only on weekdays. These settings will take effect after the computer is restarted.
Auto On Time automatic startup time: this option can set the time for automatic startup of the system, and the time format is 24 hours. Type a numeric value or proceed to.
Use the left and right arrow keys to set this value. These settings will take effect after the computer is restarted.
Docking configuration Docking configuration
Docking state docking state
Universal Connection Universal Interface: If the operating system used is WinNT4.0 or earlier, this setting is invalid. If you use it often,
A Dell docking device and want to minimize the initial time when docking, please set it to Enabled (the default setting). Ruo Xi
It is expected that the operating system will generate a new system setting file for each new docking device connected to the computer and set it as "Disabled".
System security System security:
Master password Master password:
Administrator password management password:
Hard disk password Hard disk password:
Password Status Password Status: This option is used to lock the system password when setting password enable. Set this option to lock.
And enable password setting to change the system password. This option can also be used to disable passwords by users at system startup.
System password System password:
Set password Set password:
POST hotkey self-test hotkey: This option is used to specify the hotkey (F2 or F 12) displayed on the screen during power-on self-test (POST).
Chassis Anti-theft Chassis Anti-theft: This option is used to enable or disable the chassis anti-theft detection function. When set to "Enable-Mute", if chassis intrusion is detected during startup, no warning message will be sent. When this option is enabled and the cover is open, this field will display "Detected".
Drive Configuration Drive Settings:
Floppy disk drive A: Floppy disk drive A: If a floppy disk drive is installed in the system, please use this option to enable or disable the floppy disk drive.
First main driver First main driver:
First driven device First driven device:
Second main driver Second main driver:
Second driven device Second driven device:
IDE DriverUDMA supports UDMA's IDE driver: Use this option to enable or disable DMA transfer through the internal IDE hard disk interface.
Hard disk drive sequence hard disk drive sequence
System BIOS boot device system BIOS boot sequence
USB device USB device
Memory information, memory information
Installed System Memory System Memory: This option displays the size and model of the memory installed in the system.
System Memory Speed: This option displays the speed of installed memory.
System Memory Channel Mode: This option displays the memory slot settings.
AGP Aperture AGP area memory capacity: This option specifies the memory value allocated to the video adapter. Some video adapters may need more.
The amount of memory that is less than the default.
CPU information CPU information
CPU Speed CPU speed: this option displays the running speed of the central processing unit after it is started.
Bus Speed: Displays the processor bus speed.
Processor 0 ID Processor ID: Displays the type and model of the processor.
Clock speed Clock frequency:
Cache Size Cache Value: Displays the L2 cache value of the processor.
Integrated device (traditional selection option) integrated device
Sound Sound Settings: Use this option to enable or disable the audio controller.
Network interface controller Network interface controller: Enable or disable the integrated network card.
Mouse Port Mouse Port: Use this option to enable or disable the built-in PS/2 compatible mouse controller.
USB controller USB controller: use this option to enable or disable the onboard USB controller.
PCI slot PCI slot: use this option to enable or disable the onboard PCI card slot. When disabled, all PCI cards are unavailable and inoperable.
Conduct system testing.
Serial port 1 serial port 1: Use this option to control the operation of the built-in serial port. When set to Automatic, if you use the
Two devices are used at the same port address, and the built-in serial port automatically reassigns the available port address. COM 1 is used for serial port first, and then COM2 is used.
, if both addresses are assigned to a port, the port will be disabled.
Parallel port parallel port: this domain can be configured with built-in parallel port.
Mode mode: When set to "AT", the built-in parallel port can only output data to connected devices. When set to PS/2, EPP or ECP mode, the parallel port can
Input and output data. These three modes use different protocols and maximum data transmission rates. Maximum transmission rate PS/2
What does BIOS control?
Friends who are familiar with computers know the concept of BIOS, and we often hear those words repeated by the old bird when solving system faults: "
Clear CMOS first "or" enter BIOS default settings "and so on. In the eyes of ordinary people, BIOS seems to be the square on the motherboard.
Chiplets and blue menus displayed at startup. What is the special significance for users? Master or repairman?
What about Master Cheng's patent? How does the computer start to work? I hope you can get the answer after reading this article.
Internal structure of BIOS
Sample text for our daily personal computers, the BIOS used is not exactly the same, and it consists of Award and Phoenix respectively.
And AMI (note: Award has been acquired by Phoenix, which is actually a company). As far as the current motherboard is concerned, it is large
Most of them are products that adopt Award BIOS or are improved based on Award BIOS kernel (products that adopt AMI BIOS are few, Phoenix.
BIOS is mainly used by notebook computers and many foreign brands). Some BIOS knowledge and structure introduced in this paper only focus on market share.
The highest phoenix award.
Take the 2Mbit CMOS address structure of common Award as an example. The area from FFFF to FFFC is used to store the boot block with the capacity of 16Kbit.
Dynamic module), followed by 8Kbit plug-and-play extended system configuration data ESCD area, 4Kbit processor microcode and 4Kbit.
DMI data area. FFF8 to FFF6 are decompression engine areas, and the instructions here can release the large-capacity codes and information in the areas after FFF6, which are greater than.
For example, manufacturer Logo, OEM data and so on. The last part is where the main BIOS program is placed. Usually, these programs are downloaded from the Internet.
BIOS upgrade file with bin suffix.
Main functions of BIOS
The motherboard BIOS contains many important tasks, such as system startup, compatibility between components and program management. As long as you press the power switch to start the host,
The BIOS begins to take over all the self-checking work started by the motherboard, and the system is first checked by the POST program.
Check the internal equipment (this process is described separately below). Typically, a complete POST self-test will include checking the CPU, basic memory,
Expansion memory, ROM, motherboard, CMOS memory, serial port and parallel port, graphics card, hard disk and floppy disk system and keyboard exceeding 1MB have all been tested.
If problems are found in the self-inspection, the system will give prompt information or whistle warning. Then the BIOS searches according to the startup sequence saved in the CMOS settings of the system.
Floppy drives, IDE devices and their startup sequence, read in the boot record of the operating system, and finally hand over the system control to the boot record, and finally complete.
Full transition to the operating system.
In addition to the basic startup function, BIOS also has the functions of hardware interrupt handling, system design management, program request and so on. Optical disk hard disk operating system
The management of peripheral devices such as drivers, keyboards and monitors is directly based on the BIOS system interrupt service program, which is located in the PC system.
Programmable interface between software and hardware. When the computer is turned on, the BIOS will assign an interrupt number to hardware devices such as CPU. Party annals
After the operation command using a certain hardware is executed, it will use the corresponding hardware to complete the command work according to the interrupt number and finally according to its interrupt.
Jump back to the original state. Similarly, the BIOS can also send and receive instructions through a specific data port, thus realizing the matching of software applications.
Hardware operation.
The system management function of BIOS is the most familiar to everyone, that is, BIOS settings. The BIOS program will call the memory stored in CMOS RAM.
Record, users can see the basic situation of the system through the display, including CPU frequency, IDE driver, ACPI power management and password setting.
. As the author said at the beginning, this part of information is stored in RAM only by batteries, as long as the power is cut off for a period of time or
When CMOS is artificially connected with a high-level signal (jumper is short-circuited), any modified settings will no longer exist.
How does BIOS work?
With these basic knowledge as the foundation, readers and friends should have a certain understanding of BIOS. The next question is to master the PC hub.
How does BIOS work? In view of the complexity of this process, let's list several key points in BIOS operation and make some explanations.
Analysis. It needs to be stated in advance here that the following BIOS running codes are unified into hexadecimal, and interested friends can buy them back in the market.
Debugging card (commonly known as 80-port card) for inquiry and observation.
Simply put, BIOS startup will go through several cycles of detection, command and execution. Of course, before entering the BIOS control, the CPU still needs
This requires a preheating process. Take P4 system as an example. If explained according to the process started by PC, the sequence is as follows: First,
The host power supply starts to supply power, and the CPU receives a voltage signal from VR (Voltage Regulation System), which is then verified by a series of logic units.
After the motherboard chip recognizes the running voltage of the CPU, it receives the "start" instruction and resets the CPU. The first job after CPU "wakes"
That is, read the initialization instruction in BIOS. Aft a series of check on that states of CPU (twice check) and memory (0KB basic module),
BIOS will complete the initial preparation of circuit chips, disable video, parity and DMA circuit chips, and start CMOS timer. Then,
The BIOS program will gradually check whether the CPU is the same as the default setting, whether the DMA is faulty, and display the channel test. Once a fault occurs, it will
The buzzer sounded an alarm. However, these steps are done quietly behind the scenes, and we can't see any information on the screen.
In the flow chart above, several steps of starting the module are clearly shown. When the CPU is officially started, POST (power on)
Self-test (self-test after power-on) enters the memory detection stage. Once the basic memory detection is wrong, the system will crash for a long time and report an error; if
Everything goes well, BIOS continues to self-test, and checks other BIOS main programs and extension programs in CMOS until these tasks are completed and the system enters.
In the normal process, basic information such as time and date, BIOS version and model, CPU frequency and memory capacity will be displayed on the display. Boot in BIOS
After IDE devices and I/O devices, the next process is left to the operating system to continue.
The BIOS usually works like this when the computer starts, which is actually much more complicated than what we introduced. Any small step in the middle
Errors will cause the system to fail to start and crash, and improper BIOS settings will also cause hidden dangers to the system. Experienced old birds can start with BIOS
The fault can be judged by the sound when moving, and the general user can know at which stage the post is stagnant by looking at the error detection signal of the debugging card. still
Take the Award BIOS as an example. FF and C0 displayed on the boot debugging card indicate that the CPU self-test failed, so the power should be turned off to check the processor status. If so
C 1, C3 and other digital displays are likely to be problems when BIOS detects memory; The system has passed the self-check for 2 days, accompanied by a crisp "beep" sound.
"Voice, indicating that the system has passed the graphics card detection, this time also began to appear on the display screen. Knowing where the fault may occur, I
Scientists can finally determine the source of the problem by substitution method and solve the problem smoothly.
The BIOS should also be protected.
In addition to the compatibility of hardware devices, BIOS may also face the harm of external factors such as viruses and incorrect erasure. If the BIOS does not work, the whole system will be paralyzed.
The computer will be paralyzed.
Many motherboard manufacturers have increased the reliability of BIOS through special design. Have a plenty of dual BIOS modules, once one of them
If the module fails, you can start the system from another module through jumper settings, and then repair the damaged module. Since it is started in BIOS.
Block is an important data block, so the manufacturer designs the boot block as a block BIOS structure and keeps one in the BIOS chip.
The area where the most important startup information in the BIOS system is stored. The default value of the latest refresh program is not to update the BIOS when refreshing.
Boot Block block, such a motherboard can be easily restored even if it fails to refresh.
In case the BIOS refresh fails, you can also hot-plug and replace the damaged chip yourself, provided that you can find one with the original BIOS capacity.
Sample chip. Players with hands-on ability can also think on the pins of BIOS chips, because most CMOS chips are 32-pin DIP.
Packaging, their pin arrangement and function are basically the same. The write operation of the chip is usually controlled by the level change of the write enable pin, and only
Only by adjusting the high level of 12V or 5V to a low level can data be written into the chip. According to this principle, as long as the pin is not energized.
It doesn't matter, it has always been in a high level, that is, it is in a "read" state, so no matter whether it is a virus or misoperation, it will not be on the chip.
Rewrite according to. But this method is dangerous, it is not suitable for all BIOS chips, and it is easy to lose the warranty of the motherboard.
Everyone must be careful.
When it comes to BIOS, most beginners have little knowledge and dare not try it easily, as if they were born with a fear of "blue screen", and
More often, even many old birds can't tell the difference between BIOS settings and CMOS settings, so before writing a quiz, Long Ge thought there was.
It is necessary to clarify these two concepts in order to get twice the result with half the effort.
BIOS is the abbreviation of English Basic Input/Output System, which means "Basic Input/Output System". And what we usually call
BIOS actually refers to a software solidified in ROM, which is responsible for the lowest and most direct hardware control and the original operation of the computer.
It is used to manage the startup of the machine, control and drive the important hardware in the system, and provide basic calls for advanced software.
CMOS is the abbreviation of "complementary metal oxide semiconductor" in English, but we often say that CMOS refers to a read-write memory on the motherboard.
Chip, also known as "CMOS RAM". CMOS RAM is a random access memory, which can erase the memory after power failure, so people think of using it.
The method of keeping the storage capacity of external battery.
Generally speaking, the process of adjusting BIOS parameters through software solidified in ROM BIOS is called BIOS setup, BIOS setup.
The process of debugging CMOS parameters through the "standard CMOS setup" in is called CMOS setup. The CMOS settings and BIOS settings we usually talk about are only theirs.
Simplify the statement, so it confuses the two concepts to some extent.
How to enter the BIOS setup program
Analysis: Although there are not many manufacturers who design and produce BIOS in the world, some brand machines and compatible machines have different designs, so they enter.
The method of BIOS setting is also different.
Q&A: Most keys to enter BIOS settings are set to "DEL" or "ESC", but some BIOS are F 10 or F2.
Some special BIOS also need to operate according to its prompts.
The machine cannot run the operating system normally.
1.Bios Rom checksum error-system paused
Analysis: Error found during BIOS information check, unable to start.
Q&A: It is difficult to encounter this situation, because it is usually an error in refreshing the BIOS, or it may be a damage to the BIOS chip. number
Anyway, the BIOS needs to be repaired.
2.CMOS battery failure
Analysis: No CMOS battery.
Q&A: Generally speaking, CMOS is dead. Just replace the lithium battery on the motherboard.
3.CMOS checksum error-default value loaded
Analysis: An error was found during the CMOS information check, so it was restored to the default state.
Q&A: There are many possibilities for this, but most of them are caused by power supply, such as CMOS after overclocking failure.
This will also happen when discharging, so you need to save CMOS settings immediately to see the sequelae; If this problem occurs again, it is recommended to replace the lithium battery. Please send the motherboard for repair when the battery is useless, because the CMOS chip may have been damaged.
4. press F 1 to continue and press Del to set.
Analysis: press F 1 to continue, or press DEL to enter the BIOS setup program. Usually there are many possibilities, but most of them
Tell the user that there is something wrong with the BIOS settings.
Q&A: Because the source of the problem is uncertain, it may be that the BIOS setting is incorrect, or the CPU fan is not installed, and the user
You can do the actual operation according to the tips above this passage.
5. Hard disk installation failed
Analysis: Hard disk installation failed.
Q&A: Check any hardware settings related to the hard disk, including power cables and data cables. , and jumper settings of the hard disk. If it is a new large-capacity hard disk, you should also find out whether the motherboard supports it. If there is no problem above, it is probably a hardware problem, IDE.
The port or hard disk is damaged, but this kind of opportunity is rare.
6. Failure of the first main hard disk
Analysis: There is an error in the main ide hard disk. The same situation also appears on other master-slave disks of IDE port, so I won't introduce them one by one.
Q&A: Check any hardware settings related to the hard disk, including power cables and data cables. , and jumper settings of the hard disk.
7. The floppy disk is out of order
Analysis: floppy disk drive detection failed.
Q&A: Check any hardware settings related to floppy drive, including floppy drive cable, power cord, etc. If all this is all right, it may be.
The floppy disk drive has failed.
8. Wrong keyboard or no keyboard
Analysis: The keyboard is wrong or a new keyboard cannot be found.
Q&A: Check whether the keyboard is connected correctly, and plug it back in to determine whether it is good or bad.
To provide you with some information, the function is better than MHDD2.9, but now it is 4.2, and I personally feel that ERASE is much faster than 2.9.
MHDD Version 4.0 Chinese Help
Operating environment: DOS
Note: Do not run MHDD； on the hard disk to be tested; You need to record data at runtime, so you can't run MHDD on other write-protected devices on the CD.
Command (shortcut key in brackets):
Port (SHIFT+F3) Select the hard disk.
I (F2) Reset the hard disk parameters and initialize them all.
Id hard disk detection, including hard disk capacity, head number, sector number, SN serial number,
Firmware firmware version number, LBA value
Rpm test hard disk speed
Init (F3) disk initialization
Scan (F4) hard disk scan switch parameters (on/off): log, cycle test/repair,
Slow down after scanning,
Remapping, Erase Wait (the latter two options cannot be turned on at the same time)
Scanning description: It is more likely to repair bad tracks by performing general scanning several times (that is, only turning on the cycle test/repair option) and then performing advanced scanning (except turning on the erase waiting option). The erase wait option is mainly for IBM disks.
Hpa changes the size of hard disk capacity.
Rhpa restores the size of the original disk.
Nhpa displays all hard disk space.
Cls clear screen
Pwd setting password
Unlock unlock
Dispwd deletes the password, provided that you use unlock and know the password.
Erase fast erase
Fasterase advanced erasure, very slow.
Makebad continuously marks bad tracks but does not write into the G table (don't use this function easily, it is easy to turn a good disk into a bad disk).
If you want to recover, you should try again. )
Randomly create bad roads.
Aam reduces the running sound of the hard disk, so does the performance of the disk.
P is the largest (highest performance) and m is the smallest (lowest performance).
Intelligent (F8) intelligent opening, intelligent closing, intelligent AAS (allowing/prohibiting automatic saving of attributes),
Intelligent ATT (read attribute), intelligent data (read data), intelligent test (offline instant test)
Wait for the hard disk to be in place.
Stop (SHIFT+F4) stops the test and turns off the hard disk motor.
Cx can test the stability of quantum CX and LCT series hard disk 5247 chips.
Pciscan saves PCI bus images.
Clrmbr clears mbr, that is, the LBA 0 sector is cleared.
Switchmbr switches the 55AA flag of the last two bytes in mbr with 0000.
Fdisk uses the entire disk capacity to create a primary partition.
(Hard disks that have used data will change the original MBR partition table, so use this function with caution. )
Chip-level computer maintenance database sharing/Ji Shu /INDEX.asp is very practical.
Exit (ALT+X) exit.
The left half of the top line is the register status (HPA will be displayed when the disk capacity does not match the original capacity):
ERR The result of the last operation was wrong and displayed in the upper right corner of the screen.
INDX
CORR
DREQ hard disk needs to exchange data with the host computer (PC).
The initial inspection of DRSC hard disk passed.
WRFT write error
DRDY found the hard drive
The hard disk is busy and does not respond to instructions.
The right half of the top line is the scanning state:
Error in AMNF address tag.
T0NF 0 track not found.
ABRT instruction was aborted.
IDNF sector flag error.
UNCR check error, also known as ECC error.
BBK bad block mark error
Bad tracks are shielded to G table: ① SMART ON, SMART AAS, Smartatt.
(2) Run the scan and set the remapping option: On, and cycle test/repair option: On. G table can add a small number of bad tracks, and a large number of bad tracks still need PC3000.