Zhu Yuanzhang (1328 65438+ 10/2124 June 398), a native of Fengyang, Anhui Province, Han nationality, was originally named Chongba, and later named Xingzong. He joined the Guo Zixing army and changed his name to Zhu Yuanzhang. Politician, strategist, military commander-in-chief, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty.
Zhu Yuanzhang was very poor when he was a child. He used to herd cattle for the landlord. /kloc-entered the ancestral temple in 0/344. At the age of 25, he joined the Red Scarf Army led by Guo Zixing against the Yuan Dynasty. 1356, was regarded as Wu Gong by his subordinates. In the same year, Qing Ji Road was captured and changed to Yingtianfu. 1367, Xu Da and Chang Yuchun were ordered to transfer troops to the northern expedition with the call of "expelling Land Rover and restoring China".
/kloc-at the beginning of 0/368, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor in Yingtianfu, with the title Daming Hongwu. The capture of Dadu in the autumn of that year ended the rule of the Yuan Dynasty in the whole country, and the sixteen states of Youyun ceded by the late Jin Dynasty were also recovered. And pacify the southwest, northwest, northeast and other places, and finally unify China.
During Zhu Yuanzhang's reign, he reformed all aspects. Politically, he abolished the prime minister, set up a department to undertake propaganda and deployment, a department to punish trials, and decentralized all command departments to further strengthen centralization and severely punish corrupt officials. Militarily, the system of health centers was implemented and the Northern Expedition was carried out.
Economically, we will make great efforts to resettle land and army, build water conservancy projects, liberate handmaiden, reduce the tax burden, and send people to inspect fields and households all over the country. Culturally, pay close attention to education, advocate imperial examination, establish imperial academy to train talents; Strengthen overseas exchanges with foreign countries and restore China's suzerain status. Through the efforts of the Hongwu dynasty, social production gradually recovered and developed, which is called the rule of Hongwu in history.
1398 (thirty-one year of Hongwu), Zhu Yuanzhang died at the age of 7 1, and the temple name was Taizu. posthumous title opened the heaven and established the Great Sage as the supreme god, benevolence and righteousness. Wu Junde succeeded him as the high emperor and was buried in the Ming Tombs.
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History book evaluation
"Ming History": "Taizu took the wisdom of SHEN WOO, cherished the ambition of saving the world and the people, followed the trend, followed the example of heroes, suppressed chaos and destroyed strength, and became emperor for fifteen years." The prosperity of cloth clothes and the loss of the sea have not been seen since the Western Han Dynasty. The punishment of the Yuan government is not strict, and the governance is still grim.
However, Confucianism can be ruled by courtesy, ceremony and music can be determined, righteousness can be highlighted, orthodoxy can be respected, grace can win the country, bureaucracy can be ruled clearly, law and discipline can be cultivated, and the phoenix capital can be worshipped, which is the name of the later palace. Internal governance will be eliminated and official positions will not be allowed to interfere in politics. The five governments and six officials are at loggerheads, and the soldiers have ample food and clothing. Wu Ding is in trouble and peaceful, and Mao is physically and mentally hurt. As for Yashang Festival, listen to Cai Ziying's Return to the North.
In my later years, I cared about the people and benefited them. When I was one year old, I tried to spend tens of thousands of dollars to repair the river pond to benefit farmers and prepare for drought. This descendant has been in business for more than 200 years, stressing the name of a scholar and being rich. Today, Miao people are Mongolians, or they are like East Building and White Horse. It is good to respect the world first. "
Historical evaluation
Zhao Yi: Gai Mingzu is a real emperor, a hero and a thief.
The emperor shunzhi: "I don't think the sages of past dynasties are anything like Hong Wu. What is this? Count the virtues of the monarch, there are good people and bad people. The rules and regulations set by Hong Wu are well planned, so I say that kings of past dynasties are not as good as Hong Wu. "
Emperor Kangxi erected a monument to "rule the Tang and Song Dynasties" and praised Zhu Yuanzhang. He also said, "Ming Taizu is talented and brave, and his clothes and clothes are promoted, and his martial arts classics are compiled to unify the summer. All his systems are accurate and extremely thorough in today's thinking. Non-independent descendants cannot go beyond their scope, that is, the sincerity of the kings of Han, Tang and Song is not enough. " ? [230]; "Hongwu is a brave and good warrior, comparable to an unusual emperor."
Sun Yat-sen: "Oh, have a rest! If my great-grandfather is not in heaven, why? " ?
Mao Zedong:
(1) "Since ancient times, there has been no right to Li Shimin, and then there was the ear of Zhu Yuanzhang."
(2) Zhu Yuanzhang is the leader of the peasant uprising and should be affirmed. He should write better, not so badly.
(3) Zhu Hongwu is a cowherd, and he is not stupid. He has a consultant named Zhu Sheng, who is very knowledgeable. Zhu Hongwu listened to Zhu Sheng and said, "Build a wall and be king slowly", and finally won the hearts of the people and the world.
Business legend: Zhu Yuanzhang was born in poverty. He became the founding emperor of a unified dynasty by his own struggle, from the cowherd at the bottom of society to the young monk begging everywhere. This is a unique event in the history of China and even in the history of the world. In addition, after Zhu Yuanzhang became emperor, he did not stop. After more than 30 years in office, he successfully established a powerful and unified Ming empire.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Zhu Yuanzhang