There is no clear legal definition of competition, and in most cases it is organized by the owners themselves.
The other five are government procurement methods clearly defined in the "Government Procurement Law".
Their difference mainly lies in the implementation method and scope of application:
1. Public bidding
All public bidding projects must be published on the public *** platform. Information, qualified suppliers can participate in bidding.
The procurement method of public bidding is one of the most commonly used procurement methods by government agencies because there are many bidders and competition is sufficient, so bid rigging and bid rigging are relatively less likely to occur.
2. Invitation to bid
Invitation to bid means that the purchaser randomly invites more than 3 suppliers from those who meet the corresponding qualifications in accordance with the law, and invites them by way of invitation to bid. It participates in bidding.
Different from public bidding, this form of bidding does not require a bidding announcement and is non-public. Because the units participating in the bidding are all invited, the number will not be too large, so the cost of bidding is relatively small, the cycle is short, and the efficiency is high.
Scope of application
(1) If the construction (design, goods) technology is complex or has special requirements, the number of qualified bidders is limited;
(2 ) Subject to natural conditions and geographical conditions
(3) If the cost of public bidding accounts for a large proportion of construction (design, goods)
(4) Involving national security , secrets that are not suitable for public bidding
(5) other things that are not suitable for public bidding as stipulated by law
3. Competitive negotiation
refers to the purchaser’s negotiation with No less than three suppliers with corresponding qualifications negotiate separately to agree on prices, conditions and contract terms, and allow the negotiating parties to make a second quotation to determine the procurement method of the contracting party, and finally determine the procurement method of the supplier who has completed the transaction.
Scope of application
(1) After the tender, no supplier bids or is not qualified or the re-tender fails to be established;
(2) The technology is complex or The nature is special and detailed specifications cannot be determined;
(3) The time required for bidding cannot meet the needs of users;
(4) The total price cannot be calculated in advance.
4. Single source
In fact, it can be understood literally. Single source procurement is a non-competitive procurement method. It means that the purchaser directly negotiates with the only supplier. Procurement method by signing a contract.
Scope of application
(1) Can only be purchased from the only supplier;
(2) Unable to purchase from other suppliers due to unforeseen emergencies. Procured from suppliers;
(3) The consistency of the original procurement items or the requirements for supporting services must be ensured, and additional purchases need to be continued from the original suppliers, and the total additional purchase funds shall not exceed the original contract purchase amount. Ten percent.
6. Inquiry
Inquiry means that the inquiry team issues an inquiry notice for the purchase of goods to qualified suppliers, requiring the suppliers to quote a price that cannot be changed at one time , the purchaser determines the procurement method of the transaction supplier from the transaction candidates proposed by the inquiry team.
Note: Unlike competitive negotiation, which allows secondary quotations, with the inquiry method, once the supplier quotes the price, it cannot be changed twice.
Scope of application
Government procurement projects where the specifications and standards of the purchased goods are unified, the spot supply is sufficient, and the price changes are small.