1. Sprinkle salt and sand
Sprinkling salt and sand is also a common method to remove ice and snow abroad. Because it is convenient to sprinkle salt and sand, a certain amount of salt should be reserved before winter comes, and it can be sprinkled mechanically or manually after it snows, which is convenient to use and can be used except in areas with heavy snowfall. There is a process from spreading salt to melting snow. Snow can only melt after salt is dissolved in salt water. Generally, it is over-spreading, and special spreading equipment is needed. According to the data, in 2008, the United States consumed 22.6× 106 tons.
The picture 1 shows the spreader for spreading salt and sand. Spreaders for spreading salt and sand are all powered by truck chassis, and consist of material boxes and spreading devices.
The side effect of salt sprinkling is that salt will corrode and pollute roads, highway facilities, soil, crops, surface water and aquatic organisms.
Figure 1 snow spreader:
Sprinkle wet salt
In order to reduce salt rebound, salt is pre-wetted before salt spraying, which reduces salt rebound. However, the fluidity of pre-wetted salt is poor, which accelerates the melting of snow, but wet salt is easy to block, which puts forward higher requirements for equipment.
Sprinkle salt water
After adding salt to form salt water, the ice and snow can be removed faster, the salt water does not rebound, and the salt water flows more evenly on the road surface. Generally, the amount of salt used for snow removal with salt water can be reduced by 30%. But before spraying salt water, it is necessary to add seawater desalination equipment. Due to the corrosiveness of salt water, anti-corrosion measures must be taken for storage and disturbance equipment.
Step 2: Sweep the snow.
For areas with less snow, cleaning method can be adopted, and newly fallen snow or Bo Xue layer can be directly cleaned by sweeper. When the snow layer is thick, it is difficult for ordinary road sweepers to clean it. At this time, it is necessary to use special cleaning rollers to clean and remove snow.
Three. snowplough
Snow plow, also known as snow pushing board, is a commonly used snow removal tool. Snow plows can be installed on automobiles, loaders, graders and other power machines. Users only need to be equipped with a snowboard and a suspension device. Ploughs are generally installed in the front, middle or side of vehicles. Snowboard includes one-way plow, V-shaped plow, steering plow, snow scraper and compound plow. The lifting of the working device depends on the hydraulic power provided by the main vehicle. According to the width of the power-equipped snow-pushing board, the combination of the front snow-pushing board and the side snow-pushing board can achieve a larger snow-removing width, and snow-removing plows can be equipped in areas where it may snow. In areas where it seldom snows, snow plows are equipped as reserve equipment. Once it snows, the snow plow can be installed on the power machine to remove snow. In areas where it often snows, snow plows can be used to remove snow at any time. Therefore, the snow plow has a wide range of equipment and low equipment cost.
Figure 2 Snow plough
Snow plough is also a commonly used snow removal tool abroad. It can be hung on automobiles, loaders, graders and other power machinery through suspension devices, so there are many reports on related materials, products and patents.
Four. Rotary snow remover (snow remover)
Rotary snow remover is mainly composed of working device and chassis car. The working device consists of a snow collecting screw, a snow throwing fan, a snow throwing cylinder and a connecting device thereof. Snow collecting screw mainly completes the cutting and conveying of snow, and its blades are generally arranged in the left and right direction, which is convenient for snow to move from both sides to the middle to the snow throwing fan. The blades of the snow throwing fan are radial. Under the centrifugal force of high-speed rotating blades, the snow entering the fan moves along the blade surface and is thrown to the top opening of the fan shell, and is guided to a suitable area by the snow throwing cylinder.
The transmission system of rotary snow remover is complex, and its working device and walking part generally have two driving forms, one is driven by a single engine, and the other is driven by two engines respectively. Rotary snow removal machines are expensive and are generally equipped in areas with cold weather and thick snow (see Figure 3).
Fig. 3 Rotary snow remover
Verb (abbreviation of verb) deicing equipment
It is common for roads to freeze after snowing in cold areas. If the road surface is not cleared in time after freezing, traffic accidents will easily occur when the road surface slips. However, from information inquiry and other channels, we have not found foreign special deicing equipment, only some relevant information and patent reports.
1. Remove ice.
It is very difficult to remove the extremely thick ice, and it is necessary to ensure that the road surface is not damaged when removing the ice. De-icing has corresponding requirements for the ice shovel mechanism, resistance and cutting parameters, and there are also some studies on the de-icing mechanism, resistance and cutting parameters abroad.
Roll cutting
Fig. 4 shows a roller cutter. Traction drum cutter is towed by tractor when driving. The roller cutter consists of a roller cutter and a scraper. Roller cutter is lifted and lowered by hydraulic mechanism. When working, the roller cutter clings to the ice surface, and under the action of gravity of the equipment, it produces certain pressure on the ice surface. When the deicer moves forward, the roller cutter cuts the ice surface, and the broken ice slag is removed by the scraper.
Fig. 4 Rolling Ice Cutter
shock
Fig. 5 shows an impact deicer. Traction impact deicer is towed by tractor when driving. The impact deicer consists of an impact deicer rotor and a frame. The rotor of the impact deicer is driven by the auxiliary engine. The impact deicer rotor has a hydraulic mechanism to lift and adjust its distance from the ice surface. The rotor of the impact deicer is equipped with multiple rows of impact deicers, and the body of each impact deicer is made of steel wire rope. The impact head is riveted on both ends of the wire rope, and the inner side is fixed on the rotor shaft of the impact deicer with a pressure plate, and the impact deicer rotor rotates.
Fig. 5 Impact deicer
Intransitive verb Other deicing equipment
1. Temporary installation or embedded automatic salt water spraying device
In special sections with cold weather, such as bends, ramps, bridge decks and important entrances and exits, in order to maintain normal traffic operation and reduce traffic accidents, automatic salt water spraying devices are temporarily installed before the arrival of winter. Once it snows after the cold current comes, the salt water spraying device automatically sprays salt water to remove the snow and ice. During construction or maintenance, automatic salt water spraying devices can also be embedded in special sections such as bends, ramps, bridge decks and important entrances and exits.
2. The heating pipe shall be embedded in the pavement construction.
In special sections with cold weather, such as bends, ramps, bridge decks, important entrances and exits, in order to maintain normal traffic operation and reduce traffic accidents, heating pipes can be embedded in pavement construction. Once it snows in cold current, the pavement can be heated by heating devices (electric heating or water heating) to melt the snow.
If there are geothermal conditions, geothermal pavement heating devices can be embedded in pavement construction.
3. Special pavement heating device
There are special pavement heating devices for melting ice and snow abroad. When it is difficult to use other methods, or in case of emergency, a special road heating device can be used. The special pavement heating device melts the ice and snow by heating to remove the ice and snow. Ice and snow melt into water when heated, and water can flow. When water is heated to a certain temperature, it evaporates and enters the atmosphere. Figure 1 1 The left figure shows the special pavement heating device. In addition, there is a patent for a special pavement heating device, which can heat the pavement. The special pavement heating device can be used to remove ice and snow in special sections such as bends, ramps, bridge decks and important entrances and exits. (Zhu Wentian, Road Construction Machinery Branch of China Construction Machinery Industry Association)