The trumpet is an ancient musical instrument. It was first recorded in paintings of ancient Egyptians and Germanic tribes in the 15th century BC. This prehistoric trumpet is 120 centimeters long. It has a conical tube at one end with a diameter of about 10 centimeters and a diameter of 26 centimeters. The trumpet was simple in design and its shape remained unchanged until the mid-18th century when a key valve was added as an accessory.
In the history of the trumpet, it was usually used by military departments or religions. Ancient people used to describe the sound of the ancient Roman military trumpet as terrifying, terrible, hoarse and rough. At that time, only Roman, Tibetan and Jewish religious priests were allowed to play the trumpet. Bible translations mention this instrument, associating it with the voices of angels. The medieval period saw the emergence of numerous new forms of trumpet. The Saracen invasion of Spain brought many such instruments, like those used by the Christians, specifically designed to frighten their enemies. The Renaissance brought about advancements in trumpets, such as improving their status in royal courts. The instrument was used more for "musical" performance than simply for signaling.
The popularity of the trumpet can be traced back to the Baroque period, except for its decline in the early 18th century. The addition of pistons and keys in the mid-18th century gave the trumpet new life, making it frequently used in orchestral works. In 1827, the piston trumpet appeared in Germany. It was not until the end of the 18th century that the current trumpet and cornet with three pistons and capable of playing chromatic scales were gradually formed. Their development and reform were completed in Europe (the trumpet was mainly in Germany, while the cornet was developed from a French cornet de poste.)
Tradition Trumpet music conveys festival or war emotions, and was also widely used in the works of Baroque composers such as Bach and Handel. Classical composer Haydn also made special use of the trumpet in his works. His Trumpet Concerto in E flat has always been a classic among instrumental music. All in all, the trumpet has gone through many changes over the years and is clearly the most important instrument of all time. It has become one of the few instruments that has stood the test of time, and is constantly evolving as new musical forms and uses demand.
The trumpet has a strong tone, bright and sharp, and is full of brilliance. It is a high-pitched instrument in the brass family. It can not only play a loud horn sound, but also a beautiful and singing tune. For melody, the trumpet uses a mute to add mystery. Therefore, the trumpet has a rich performance program in baroque music, classical music and military music. In addition, the trumpet is also widely used in jazz.
The trumpet has three parts: mouthpiece, tube body and mechanism. The tube length is 1.355 meters. The mechanical part consists of a piston and a piston sleeve. By pressing the piston, the bypass tube is connected to extend the horn tube. Pistons are divided into two types: straight-up type and rotary type.
The trumpet is notated using the staff treble clef. Play with a fixed solfa, a fixed treble concept. There are trumpets in the world today with B-flat, E, D, E-flat, F, G, A, B-flat an octave higher, etc. These keys are determined based on playing the treble of the first overtone series. The trumpet we usually use is in the key of B flat. If the trumpet plays the same melody with a C-key instrument such as a piano, electronic keyboard, etc., the trumpet must be raised a major second, that is, when the C-key instrument plays the C note, the trumpet plays the D note.
Trumpet family
Trumpet and Cornet are both high-pitched brass instruments. They use the same range, notation, and playing methods. They can be said to be brothers in the family of brass instruments.
The trumpet and cornet are slightly different in construction. If the trumpet and cornet tubes are straightened, their lengths will be the same. However, due to the different proportions of the conical and cylindrical parts of their tubes, the conical part of the trumpet accounts for 1/3 of the tube length, while the conical part of the short trumpet accounts for 1/3 of the tube length. The cone part of the trumpet accounts for 1/2, and the diameter of the cone part is also thicker than that of the trumpet. In addition to the shape of the bell mouth, the arc of the mouth enlargement of the cornet horn is larger than that of the trumpet. And the different shapes of the cup-shaped part of the mouthpiece constitute the difference in timbre between trumpet and cornet. The trumpet is loud, high-pitched, appealing, and has rich expressive power. Especially when played with a mute, the sound effect puts people in a kind of illusion and imagination. So it is indispensable whether in the symphony orchestra, military band, or light music band.
It is generally used to express brilliant and magnificent emotions and scenes. The short one has a soft and beautiful tone, and some lyrical and beautiful melodies are often played by it. For example, some solo passages in the famous dance drama "Swan Lake" by Russian composer Tchaikovsky were played on the cornet. Cornets are often used in wind bands. This is because there are many hard-music instruments in wind bands, and cornets can be used to adjust the tone of the band. Some bands use cornets for all the brass treble parts, making the band's sound effect softer and more pleasant.
There is another species in this family called the Bugle, also known as the Fiugelnorn. Its tube length, range, notation, playing method, etc. are the same as those of trumpet and cornet. The difference is also in the structure. The cone part of the trumpet accounts for about 2/3 of the tube length, and the diameter of the tube is shorter than that of the trumpet. The trumpet is thicker, the cup part of the mouthpiece is shorter, and the trumpet is deeper, shaped like a French horn mouthpiece. Therefore, its sound is softer and deeper than that of the cornet. This instrument is used as a color instrument in military bands of some countries. It is currently very rare in our country's bands and is basically not used.
Instrument name: Suona
Also nickname: "Trumpet"
Structure: eight sound holes (seven in the front and one in the back) on a cone-shaped wooden tube ), a thin copper tube is installed on the upper end of the wooden tube, and a reed whistle is installed on the upper end of the copper tube for the player to play; the lower end of the wooden tube accepts a copper "trumpet".
Instrument Features: It belongs to the type of blowhole reed instruments in the woodwind instrument family. The structure of the suona's reed whistle is similar to the mouthpiece of the oboe, a Western musical instrument. Both are double-reed instruments, but the suona's reeds are thinner. The sound is high-pitched, bright, and highly infectious. Whether it is used to express natural things or human emotions, it has its own uniqueness. Suona is a traditional Chinese musical instrument with a long history and has been widely popular among the people since the Ming Dynasty. Some folk artists can not only use the suona to play light vibrato, appoggio and portamento, but also use the suona to imitate the soft tone of the flute.
The suona is the main wind instrument in the Chinese folk band and is often used as accompaniment for solos, ensembles, ensembles, and local operas, songs and dances. Among the people, suona is the backbone instrument in wind and percussion bands and gongs and drums bands during festive seasons.
Voice range and timbre: D_treble suona is notated according to the actual pitch using the treble clef. Its total range is a_(_1_)_-_b_(_3_)_, and the common range in the band is a_(_1_)_-_d_(_3_)_. The mid- and low-pitched sounds of suona are bold and powerful, making it easy to use various techniques and very expressive. The high-pitched range is tense and sharp, so be careful when using it in a band.
The suona is also called the trumpet, and the small suona is also called the sea flute. It became popular in Xinjiang during the Jin and Jin Dynasties (AD 265--420). In the Qing Dynasty, suona was used in Huibu music and was called suonai. It is one of the most widely used musical instruments among the people. In addition to being used for ensembles and solos, it is also used as accompaniment for opera, singing and dancing.
Suona is a wooden conical tube with eight holes (seven in the front and one in the back). A copper tube is installed on the upper end of the wooden tube, a reed whistle is placed on the upper end of the copper tube, and a trumpet-shaped copper tube is installed on the lower end of the wooden tube. quality amplifier. The sound is high-pitched and bright, and some folk artists can control their breath and produce soft sounds.
The reformed suona has three types: high, medium and low, and some have added sound keys to expand the sound range.
Suona is used in a wide range of areas and ranges, and it can be used as a solo instrument. In folk music, wind and percussion music or local opera bands, suona is often used as the lead instrument. Suona has a loud volume and a rough sound. It is suitable for performing cheerful, enthusiastic and majestic music. It can play highly technical cadenzas and can also imitate the chirping of birds and insects.
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