What is the working principle of loader?

There are many types and models of loaders, and their structures and overall layout are also different, but they are basically composed of three main parts: power device, chassis and working device. In addition, there are power devices for starting the internal combustion engine, electrical devices for vehicle lighting, signal indication, alarm and warning. Compared with the internal combustion forklift, the loader is basically similar in structure except the working device. The general structure of wheel front loader is generally composed of power device, chassis, working device and electrical device. 1. Power plant The power plant of loaders widely uses diesel engines, and only a few small and light loaders use gasoline engines. This is because the diesel engine has high thermal efficiency, low fuel consumption, good economy and wide power range. The single machine power ranges from several kilowatts to several hundred kilowatts, which can meet the needs of various types of loaders and has strong adaptability. 2. The chassis of the chassis loader has the same function and composition as the forklift. It also receives the power of the power device to make the loader walk or work, and it is also the skeleton of the whole machine. It is equipped with power device, working device, etc. It also includes four systems: transmission, drive steering and braking. Like forklift trucks, the four systems of loader chassis are basically the same as those of automobile chassis, especially the braking devices are exactly the same as those of automobiles, which can even be used in some forklifts, loaders and automobiles. However, the braking system of loaders mostly adopts double-tube pneumatic power-assisted hydraulic servo brake and caliper (or wet) service brake, and the parking brake mostly adopts central caliper or hoof drum brake. This is because the probability of loader driving forward and backward is equal, and the driving distance is short, the number of deceleration stops is high, and the working environment is complex. In order to ensure that thermal recession or water recession does not occur during braking, the above structure is adopted. Here, we will not repeat the same parts as forklifts and automobiles, but only introduce the typical structure and working principle of the transmission, walking and full hydraulic steering device of loaders. At the same time, due to the variety of loaders and different specific structural forms, we can only take the ZI30 loader produced by Hangzhou Wulin Machinery Factory as an example to analyze and discuss its typical structure, hoping to get the effect of drawing inferences from others. 3. Working device The working device of the loader is used to overcome the resistance of the cut material and complete a series of work such as inserting the material pile, shoveling, lifting and unloading. It is mainly composed of bucket, boom, rocker arm, boom cylinder and bucket cylinder. The working process of the working device is completed by the hydraulic control device. 4. Electrical devices The functions, performance and quantity of electrical devices of loaders are basically the same as those of forklifts. It also has headlights, which are divided into low beam and high beam. There are also turn signals and front position lights, brake lights, turn signals, rear position lights, reversing lights and so on. At the tail, some are also equipped with fog lights, overhead lights and width lights. Because the working principle of loader chassis is basically the same as that of forklift, I won't introduce it here.