Acetone, also known as dimethyl ketone, is the simplest ketone in the saturated fat ketone series. Melting point -95 degrees, boiling point 56 degrees, colorless liquid, has a special smell, can dissolve acetate cellulose and nitrocellulose. Acetone has no special toxicity to the human body, but it can cause headaches, bronchitis and other symptoms after inhalation. If large amounts are inhaled, unconsciousness may occur. In daily life, it is mainly used for degreasing, dehydration, fixation, etc. It is an important detection object in blood and urine. Some cancer patients have abnormally elevated levels of acetone in their urine. People who used low-carbohydrate diets to lose weight also had abnormally high concentrations of acetone in their blood and urine. Acetone exists in nature in a free state, and in the plant kingdom it mainly exists in essential oils, such as camellia oil, rosin essential oil, citrus essential oil, etc.; human urine, blood, animal urine, and marine animal tissues and body fluids all contain small amounts of acetone. Diabetic patients have abnormally high levels of acetone in their urine. Soluble in water, ethanol, ether and other organic solvents. The mixture of vapor and air can form an explosive mixture with an explosion limit of 2.55% to 12.8% (volume). The carbonyl group of acetone can undergo addition reactions with a variety of nucleophiles, such as catalytic hydrogenation to generate isopropyl alcohol, reduction to generate pinacol; reactions with ammonia derivatives, hydrocyanic acid, acetylides, organic metal compounds, etc. Acetone can also undergo alpha hydrogen reactions, such as substitution reactions with halogens, similar aldol condensation reactions with itself or with other compounds.
[]Toxicity
Acetone mainly depresses and anesthetizes the central nervous system. High-concentration exposure may cause damage to the liver, kidneys and pancreas in some individuals. Due to its low toxicity and rapid metabolism and detoxification, acute poisoning is rare under production conditions. Vomiting, shortness of breath, convulsions and even coma may occur in acute poisoning. After oral administration, there will be a burning sensation in the lips and throat. After a few hours of incubation period, dry mouth, vomiting, lethargy, acidity, ketosis, and even temporary disturbance of consciousness may occur. The long-term damage caused by acetone to the human body manifests as eye irritation symptoms such as tearing, photophobia, and corneal epithelial infiltration. It can also manifest as dizziness, burning sensation, throat irritation, coughing, etc.
1. Inhalation: It has no effect when the concentration is below 500ppm. It will irritate the nose and throat when the concentration is between 500 and 1000ppm. It can cause headaches and dizziness when the concentration is 1000ppm. At 2000 to 10000 ppm, it can cause dizziness, drunkenness, drowsiness, nausea and vomiting. High concentrations can cause loss of consciousness, coma and death.
2. Eye contact; concentration of 500ppm will cause irritation, and concentration of 1000ppm will cause mild and temporary irritation. Liquids can cause toxic irritation.
3. Skin irritation: The liquid will cause mild irritation, and the risk caused by absorption through intact skin is very small.
Taken orally; it has an irritating effect on the throat and stomach. Taking a large amount will produce the same symptoms as inhaling.
4. Skin contact will cause dryness, redness, swelling and cracking. Inhaling vapor with a concentration of 1000ppm for 3 hours a day will irritate the workers' nasal cavity and cause dizziness and fatigue in 7 to 15 years. High concentrations of vapor can affect kidney and liver function.