The explosion principle of red cannon shells is that spherical solid projectiles made of stone, iron, lead and other materials directly impact the target and explode. The prototype of the red cannon is a long naval gun manufactured in Europe around 1600 and introduced to China in the late Ming Dynasty.
Compared with the artillery owned by the Ming Dynasty at that time, the design of the red cannon had many advantages. The barrel was long, the wall was thick, the caliber was large, and the overall shape gradually became thicker from the muzzle to the tail. , in line with the principle that the chamber pressure changes from high to low when gunpowder burns.