Causes of otitis media
First, the cause:
Acute otitis media is acute suppurative inflammation of middle ear mucosa, and the most common infection is eustachian tube. After catching a cold, the inflammation of the pharynx and nose spreads to the eustachian tube, and the pharyngeal orifice and lumen mucosa of the eustachian tube are congested and swollen, and the cilia movement is blocked, and pathogenic bacteria invade the middle ear, causing otitis media. The common pathogens are pneumococcus and Haemophilus influenzae, so preventing colds can reduce the chance of otitis media.
In addition, smoking, including secondhand smoke, can also cause otitis media. Smoking can cause systemic arteriosclerosis, especially nicotine in cigarettes enters the blood, which makes the small blood vessels spasm and increase the viscosity, and the arterioles that supply blood to the inner ear harden, which leads to insufficient blood supply to the inner ear and seriously affects hearing. Cigarettes not only cause otitis media, but also aggravate the condition of otitis media. In severe cases, patients with otitis media will be permanently deaf. At the same time, NNK, a strong carcinogen in cigarettes, will cause malignant lesions of otitis media, seriously affect the impulse nerve, cause long-term headache and frequent dizziness, and cause hemiplegia. Therefore, if there are infants and otitis media patients at home, don't smoke and try not to be exposed to second-hand smoke.
And listening to rock music with headphones for a long time. If it takes a long time, it will easily lead to chronic otitis media, causing ear tissue damage, and serious complications such as hearing loss, such as otitis media.
Second, the pathogenesis:
Chronic otitis media is a chronic inflammation of middle ear mucosa, tympanic membrane or bone, which often coexists with chronic mastoiditis.
If acute otitis media is not treated in time, or the condition is serious, it may also form chronic otitis media.
Treatment of otitis media
1, actively treat upper respiratory diseases, such as chronic sinusitis and chronic tonsillitis.
2. Drug therapy: the simple type mainly uses local drugs: antibiotic aqueous solution or mixed solution of antibiotics and steroid hormones, such as 0.25% chloramphenicol solution, chloramphenicol cortisone solution, ofloxacin ear drops, Congcong ear drops, etc., which can prevent recurrence and achieve radical cure.
3, local medication matters needing attention:
① Wash the pus in the external auditory canal and middle ear cavity before taking the medicine, which can be cleaned with 3% hydrogen peroxide or boric acid water, and then wipe it with a cotton swab or suck out the pus with an aspirator before dropping the medicine.
(2) Use clear water when the amount of pus is large, and use boric acid alcohol when the amount is small.
4, earlobe method: the patient takes a sitting position or a lying position, with the affected ear facing up. Gently pull the auricle backward and upward, and drop 3 ~ 4 drops of liquid medicine into the external auditory canal. Then gently press the tragus several times with your fingers to promote the liquid medicine to flow into the middle ear through the perforation of the tympanic membrane. You can change your position in a few minutes. Pay attention to ear drops as close as possible to body temperature to avoid dizziness.
5. Large perforation of tympanic membrane affects hearing, and tympanoplasty or tympanoplasty is feasible about 2 months after dry ear.
6, otitis media complicated with osteomyelitis, smooth drainage, mainly local medication, but pay attention to regular review. Patients with poor drainage or suspected complications and cholesteatoma otitis media should undergo modified radical mastoidectomy or radical mastoidectomy as soon as possible to completely remove the lesions and prevent complications.
7. Chinese medicine and some folk remedies also have a good effect on the treatment of otitis media.
8, audio * * * vibration anti-inflammatory therapy, open a new era of painless and efficient treatment of otitis media.
This therapy abandons the disadvantages of traditional surgical treatment of otitis media, such as large trauma, damage to normal function of ear tissue and long recovery time. The CZT-8F audio * * vibration system with international patent 20 10 is adopted, and ultrasonic waves and low-and medium-frequency biological electromagnetic waves controlled by computer are used to act on the focus, forming a three-dimensional effect of audio * * vibration and physical and chemical superposition, improving the blood circulation of the affected area, accelerating the discharge of ear toxins, and thus eliminating inflammation. The clinical cure rate of chronic otitis media is 95.5%, and the effective rate is 98.6%.
9. Surgical treatment of otitis media
Except for a few simple cases of otitis media, local anesthesia can be performed, and most cases need general anesthesia.
The first is to make an incision. Depending on the size and location of the hole, the incision can be in the skin in front of or behind the ear. Smaller holes can even be repaired directly without moving to the external ear. If you want to open it from behind your ear, you need to shave your hair to three centimeters above your ear before the operation. If you want to open it from the front of your ear, just shave your sideburns to the upper edge of your ear shell. During the operation, the eardrum was repaired after removing the diseased tissue under the microscope. If there is a problem with auditory bone defect, it should also be treated at the same time. Next, the external auditory canal is filled with soft glue, and then the wound is sutured to complete the otitis media operation.
The average operation time is about 1.5 hours, depending on the difficulty. If preparation, anesthesia and recovery are counted together, it will take about 2 to 3 hours. If it's a pearl tumor, it needs more time.
10, Endoscopic treatment technology: Minimally invasive endoscopic treatment technology is widely spread in Europe and America. Compared with the traditional otoscope, otoscope has the characteristics of wide field of vision and flexible operation, and can obtain more comprehensive information of middle ear cavity lesions from multiple angles more easily. Endoscopic otosurgery is more convenient, fast, safe and minimally invasive. Ototoscope technology is mainly used for simple tympanic membrane repair, and the application of otoscope technology improves the success rate of surgery.