This problem involves five foreigners. The first one is Austrian Joseph Lauman. He is the inventor of the world's first automatic pistol, and obtained the invention patent in France on 1892. Later, he applied for a patent in Britain. History calls for Schoenberg pistol. But it was not adopted by the military.
The second is Hugo Bosschaart, a German-American. His invention is the world's first practical automatic pistol-7.65 MMC 93 Burchardt pistol. Ruger, the designer of the famous Ruger pistol, is his assistant.
Third, fourth and fifth, these three men, namely Federer Gesa of Mao Se Arsenal, invented the world's first military automatic pistol-the 7.65mm Mao Se automatic pistol in 1895.
The first revolver
It is believed that the revolver was invented by Cecil Colt, an American, in 1835, because Colt obtained the British patent No.6909 on 1835122, and its patented product is revolver.
Unlike all other firearms, the barrel and bore of a revolver are separate. Revolvers usually consist of three parts: gun base, revolver and its rotation, braking device and locking, firing and launching mechanism. The bottom of the gun is similar to the shell of a general gun, and there are many grooves on it to combine all the mechanisms and parts, such as barrel, gun holder, grip and so on. The rotating wheel, the rotating and braking device are fixed on the frame through the rotating shaft. The runner is both a magazine and a magazine, and there are 5 ~ 7 magazines on it, the most common one is 6, so people call this revolver "six rings". Locking, firing and launching mechanism is the most complicated part of revolver pistol, which can be divided into single-acting and double-acting according to the principle of action. When single-acting firing, you should crush the hammer with your hand to make it in a state of waiting to be hit, and then pull the trigger to shoot. Double-acting can not only overwhelm the hammer by hand to prepare it for being hit, but also directly pull the trigger to shoot automatically. Early revolvers were mostly single-acting, and later revolvers were mostly double-acting
This revolver is loaded with ammunition by hand. When a bullet is empty, it must be shelled or reloaded. There are three ways to push the wheel out of the frame. The most common way is to swing the wheel, that is, throw the wheel to the left or right. The one on the left is called a revolver, and the one on the right is called a right-handed pistol. But there are basically no right-handed pistols since ancient times, so left-handed pistols have become synonymous with revolvers, even louder than the word revolver.
Because of its simple structure and flexible operation, revolver pistol was quickly loved by officers and men all over the world. /kloc-after the middle of the 0/9th century, this kind of gun became popular all over the world. Many countries are developing and producing this kind of pistol, and many officers are proud of owning a revolver.
After the appearance of automatic pistol, some weaknesses of revolver were quickly exposed. Revolver ammunition has a small capacity, a gap between the barrel and the runner, air leakage and smoke, low muzzle velocity, long loading time and low power. Therefore, as the formal equipment of the army, revolvers are gradually replaced by automatic pistols. However, because this gun has a special advantage-reliability, especially the handling of blind fire bombs is reliable and simple, it still retains a certain position in the army equipment of some countries. Moreover, the police in the United States and some western countries have a soft spot for revolvers. 90% of the police in America love to use revolvers. They believe that pistols are close-range weapons used face to face and must be reliable. Once the revolver is blind, as long as the trigger is pulled again, the "dead bullet" will turn to one side and can be replenished immediately. In this case, it is too late to return the automatic pistol.
In addition, in the civil self-defense weapon market, revolver occupies a large share and is the most popular gun type, which is inseparable from the beautiful shape of revolver. 198 1 year, Reagan, the 40th president of the United States, was assassinated and injured. The murderer Chink used a revolver bought from the market.
Although some people think that Colt is not the earliest inventor of revolver, there is a lighter revolver made 1650 years ago in the Royal United Forces Museum in Whitehall, England. Its caliber is 12.7 mm, and the barrel and runner are all made of copper. However, it is generally believed that the revolver invented by Colt is the first truly successful and widely used revolver in the world.
In fact, in the age of matchlock and flintlock, there were many kinds of original revolvers, but they were quite inconvenient to use because they needed to move the wheel by hand. Of course, this early revolver also has the advantages of simple structure, reliable action and safe use. 18 18, collier and other three Americans successfully invented a flintlock revolver, which combined the action of the firing mechanism with the revolver for the first time and became an early revolver. At that time, the technology was poor, the price was expensive, and there was no fire cap, so it was not widely used.
The revolver invented by Colt in 1835 is a fire hat firing type, which uses a paper cone warhead with a caliber of 10. 16 mm, which is almost the same as the modern revolver. So many history books call Colt "the father of revolvers".
Cole, the father of revolver
Colt 18 14 June 19 was born in an ordinary family in Cartford, Connecticut, USA. He has been a pistol fan since he was a child. His father, a teacher in a silk factory, bought him all kinds of pistols. Little colt always takes every gun apart to explore its inner mystery.
1830 ~ 183 1 years, colt boarded a double-masted ship named Walker and began to cross the Cape of Good Hope for Britain and India. The sea is vast, the water and the sky are the same, and the masthead ship is sailing quietly at sea. During the long journey, Colt not only boarded the deck, but also watched seabirds chasing the ship from a distance and often ran to the cockpit. The helmsman held the steering wheel, turning left and right, which aroused his great interest. Colt, who has been thinking about how to combine the principle of new firing gun with the old-fashioned revolver gun, suddenly had a brainwave. He shouted, "Success! Success! " Confused the whole cockpit.
Colt quickly ran back to the engine room, imitated the structure of the steering wheel, drew a brand-new pistol drawing, and couldn't wait to carve a model of the rotating pistol out of wood.
After returning to America, Colt devoted himself to the research and development of revolvers. 1834, John, a mechanic from Baltimore? With Pearson's help, Colt quickly made a sample gun that could be fired.
Before Colt invented revolvers, all revolvers were manual revolvers, and Colt's revolvers could only be fired by rotating with a hammer. The birth of this automatic revolver dwarfs all manual revolvers in the past. Compared with the revolver in the past, the Colt revolver has the following unique features: as a revolver with pockets, the magazine can rotate around the shaft, and each pocket matches the barrel in turn when shooting. The wheel can hold 5 rounds of bullets, the barrel diameter is 9 mm, and the most advanced firing bolt, firing cap and rifled barrel are adopted at that time, which is small in size, light in weight, compact in structure and perfect in function.
Colt is an all-rounder in both technology and management. After he invented the revolver, on the one hand, he kept improving. From 1847 to 1860, he improved and introduced 12 kinds of revolvers. On the other hand, he combined invention with industry. When he applied for a patent, he applied for eight patent requirements, including the connection mode of the barrel, wheel chamber and gun bottom handle on the revolver, and established the largest arsenal in the world at that time-Colt Weapons Manufacturing Company. However, during this period, he also encountered setbacks. Six years after its establishment, his arsenal was difficult to maintain-it closed down.
However, the American-Mexican War of 1846 turned his fortune around. With the support and cooperation of Army Captain S·H· Walker, Colt rebuilt his company in Hartford, Connecticut, and his 0.44-inch M 1847 revolver was purchased in large quantities by the US federal government. Of course, Colt's revolver really made the American army handy. After the war, Colt Company developed rapidly and quickly became a big company attracting worldwide attention. It still has considerable influence in the world.